INingizimu Melika iyikhaya lesilwane esisodwa esihlukile esibizwa ngokuthi i-maned wolf (guara). Inezici zempisi nempungushe ngasikhathi sinye futhi ingeyokuphindisela izilwane. UGuara ubukeka ngendlela engajwayelekile: enomusa, engajwayelekile impisi, umzimba, imilenze emide, isifonyo esibukhali nezindlebe ezinkulu.
Incazelo yempisi enomhlwenga
Ngokubukeka, impisi enomhlwenga ngesikhathi esisodwa ifana nempisi, impungushe nenja. Lesi akusona isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wayo buvame ukuba ngaphezu kancane kwemitha, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kungamasentimitha angama-60-90. Isisindo sempisi yabantu abadala singafinyelela kuma-25 kilogram.
Ukubukeka
Izici zayo ezihlukile ziyisifonyo esibukhali, esifana nempungushe, intamo ende, nezindlebe ezinkulu, ezivelayo. Umzimba nomsila kufushane, kanti izitho zincane futhi zinde. Umbala wempisi enombala uyathakazelisa. Umbala okhona onsundu wejazi endaweni yesisu uthathelwa indawo ngophuzi, nasendaweni yemane - kube bomvu. Ukumakwa okumnyama kuzidladla, ichopho lomsila nesifonyo sesilwane nakho kuyisici esivelayo.
Ijazi le-guar likhulu futhi lithambile. Ngasemuva, yinde kakhulu kunasemzimbeni wonke, futhi yakha uhlobo lwe "mane". Ngezikhathi zengozi, ingakhuphuka icishe ime thwi. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe ukuthi impisi ezinomhlwenga igama layo. Imilenze emide yempisi enombala ayikulungele kahle ukugijima, kunalokho, yenzelwe ukuhamba otshanini obude nokubuka okungcono kwendawo ezungezile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-guar encane izalwa inamazinyo amancane. Izidladla ziyandiswa njengoba isilwane sikhula.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Abesilisa nabesifazane bezimpisi ezinamadoda ngezinga elikhulu bahola indlela yokuphila yodwa, behlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kubo, ukwakheka kwamaphakethe akunakuqhathaniswa, njengama-canines amaningi. Ukuphakama komsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kwenzeka kusihlwa nasebusuku.
Emini, i-guara ivame ukuphumula phakathi kohlaza oluminyene noma emgodini wayo, isilwane esiwuhlomisa emgodini ongasenalutho, ongenalutho noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla esiwile. Ngesikhathi sasemini, kungaphoqeleka ukuthi ihambe amabanga amafushane. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, impisi enomhlwenga iya kozingela, uyihlanganise nokuqapha indawo yayo (imvamisa lezi yizindawo ezifika kumamitha-skwele angama-30. M).
Kuyathakazelisa!Izilwane zondla ngamunye ngamunye. Imilenze emide ibavumela ukuthi babone inyamazane phezu kwezimila eziminyene nezinde, nezindlebe ezinkulu ziyabavumela ukuba bezwe ebumnyameni. Ukuze ubuke kangcono i-guara ime ngezinyawo zayo zangemuva.
Izimpisi ezinamadoda ziyasebenza kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isakhiwo senhlalo kulezi zilwane simelwe izithandani ezihlanganayo, ezithatha indawo ethile yensimu emakwe ngendle. Lo mbhangqwana ugcina ngokuzimela: ukuphumula, ukukhishwa kokudla nokuqapha kwendawo kwenziwa yedwa. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane zihlala eduze - zidla ndawonye, ziphumule futhi zikhulise inzalo. Kwabesilisa, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokulandelana nakho kuba yisici.
Isici esithandekayo sempisi enesisindo yimisindo eyenzayo. Uma kuzwakala ukuqhuma isikhathi eside futhi okunomsindo kusuka emahlathini aminyene otshani, lokhu kusho ukuthi isilwane ngale ndlela sixosha izivakashi ezingamenyiwe endaweni yaso. Futhi ziyakwazi ukukhipha ukugquma, ukukhonkotha okukhulu nokugquma okuncane.
IGuara ayiyona ingozi kubantu, alikho nelilodwa icala eliqoshiwe lokuhlaselwa kwalesi silwane kumuntu... Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kokubulawa kwalezi zilwane, inani lezimpisi ezinamadoda liya ngokuya lincipha. Abantu bendawo bayayiqothula ngenxa yezintshisekelo zemidlalo. IGuara ayisona isilwane esishesha kakhulu futhi siyisisulu sabazingeli, futhi abanikazi bamapulazi bayayichitha ukuze bavikele imfuyo.
Ama-guaras ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
UGuar ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuphila sempisi enamadoda singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-15.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yale mpisi enamanzi isezweni ngalinye laseNingizimu Melika (i-Argentina, iBrazil, iParaguay, iBolivia). Izindawo zalesi silwane ikakhulukazi ama-pampas (amathafa aseNingizimu Melika anesimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nezimila ze-steppe).
Izimpisi ezinamamanzi nazo zivamile ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ezomile, ama-campos (indawo eshisayo nezindawo ezishisayo), nezindawo ezinamagquma nezinamahlathi. Kuke kwaba nezimo zama-guara ahlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Kepha ezintabeni nasemahlathini emvula, lesi silwane asitholakali. Kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala, akuvamile.
Ukudla kwempisi enomhlwenga
Yize impisi enomhlwenga iyisilwane esidlayo, ekudleni kwayo kunokudla okuningi hhayi kwezilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi nemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ama-guar adla kakhulu amagundane amancane, onogwaja, izinambuzane ezinkulu, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, inhlanzi, ama-molluscs, kanye nezinyoni namaqanda azo. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela izinyamazane ezingavamile kumaPampas.
Kuyathakazelisa!Uma impisi enomhlwenga ihlala eduze nezindawo ezihlala abantu, khona-ke inamandla okuhlasela amapulazi abo, ihlasela amawundlu, izinkukhu noma izingulube. Ngakho-ke, abantu bendawo benza konke okusemandleni abo ukugwema i-guara ezintweni zabo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impisi enomhlwenga iyisilwane esidla ezinye, ayizingeli ngempumelelo enkulu. Lesi silwane asikwazi ukugijima ngokushesha ngoba sinamandla amancane amaphaphu. Futhi imihlathi engathuthukile ayimvumeli ukuthi ahlasele izilwane ezinkulu, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokudla kwakhe yi-armadillos, amagundane, i-tuko-tuko ne-agouti. Eminyakeni elambile, eyomile, izimpisi ezinamadoda zingakha amaphakethe amancane, zivumele ukuthi zizingele izilwane ezinkulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokudla kwakhe iqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo - ubhanana, amagwava, kanye nezimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezitshalo izithelo ze-lobeira, ezisabalele endaweni eyi-savanna yaseBrazil, ebizwa nangokuthi "i-apula lempisi". Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuwudla kuvumela izimpisi ezinomhlwenga ukuthi zikwazi ukuqeda izikelemu eziyizinsini ezikhubaza amathumbu esilwane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umdlalo wokukhwelana nenkathi yokuzalanisa yama-guara kwenzeka phakathi ekwindla nasebusika. Endle, inzalo ivela ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile (ngoJuni-Septhemba). Insikazi ihlela umhhume ezindaweni ezifihlekile ezinezimila eziminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa!Uzala inzalo izinsuku ezingama-60-66. Imvamisa kuzalwa imidlwane eyodwa kuya kweziyisikhombisa, yilokhu okuthiwa amawundlu empisi.
Amachwane anombala ompunga ngombala futhi anethiphu yomsila omhlophe.... Isisindo sazo singama-300-400 amagremu. Izinsuku eziyi-9 zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, imidlwane ihlala ingaboni. Izindlebe zabo ziqala ukusukuma ngemuva kwenyanga, futhi ijazi liqala ukuthola isici sombala sabantu abadala kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5. Ngenyanga yokuqala, insikazi yondla inzalo ngobisi, ngemuva kwalokho ingeze ukudla okuqinile, okugaywe kancane ekudleni kwayo, ikubuyisele kona.
Ukubhekwa kwezilwane ekuthunjweni kukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane nabesilisa bahlanganyela ekukhuliseni inzalo ndawonye. Abesilisa babambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni abasha. Uthola ukudla, avikele insikazi nentsha ezivakashi ezingamenyiwe, adlale nemidlwane futhi ayifundise ukuzingela nokuzitholela ukudla. Izilwane ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka owodwa, kodwa ziqala ukuzala kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emibili ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Ososayensi abakaphumeleli ekutholeni izitha zemvelo zempisi enombala emvelweni. Umonakalo omkhulu kunawo wonke kubantu be-guar ubangelwa ngabantu. Ukungathandi kwakhe ukubekezelela ukuhlaselwa kwemfuyo kuholela ekudutshulweni okukhulu kwalezi zilwane. Kumele futhi kuphawulwe ukuthi ama-guaras angabanjwa yisifo esibucayi segciwane - isifo, lapho sifa khona ngobuningi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Impisi enombala ibhalwe ku-International Red Book njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothuka. Eminyakeni yamuva, inani lalo lehle cishe ngeshumi. Isibalo sabantu emhlabeni jikelele singaphezu kwabadala abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwesibalo salezi zilwane zifaka phakathi ukuncipha kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo, kanye nokungcola okujwayelekile kwemithombo yamanzi nenhlabathi.
Okubalulekile!Unyaka nonyaka izindawo ezithe xaxa ziyabelwa umhlaba olimekayo, oncisha impisi enomhlwenga indawo yayo yokuhlala.
Izilwane zivame ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto noma ezingibeni zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni... Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kokubhujiswa kwabo, abantu bendawo bayaqhubeka nokuqothula i-guara ukuze bathole izitho zomzimba ngamunye ezizosetshenziswa emithini yendabuko. Abomdabu baseNingizimu Melika basabazingela ngamehlo abo, okubhekwa njengophawu lwenhlanhla. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uma ukuzingelwa kwempisi enomhlwenga kungapheli, lolu hlobo luzonyamalala ngokuphelele esikhathini esingaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
