I-Astronotus (i-Astronotus) yizinhlanzi ezithandwayo kakhulu zasemanzini zohlobo lwe-cichlid. Kwesinye isikhathi abamele lolu hlobo babizwa nangokuthi yipigogo fish, i-oscar, i-ocellatus noma i-velveteen cichlid.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
Ama-astronotus angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezinkulu zase-aquarium, futhi endaweni yazo yemvelo, ubude bomzimba wabo bungaba ngu-35-40 cm... Lapho igcinwa ezimweni ze-aquarium, inhlanzi enjalo yokuhlobisa ikhula ibe ubude obungu-15-22 cm, inamehlo amakhulu nenhloko, futhi inengxenye engaphambili ebonisiwe futhi engaphezulu. Umbala we-Astronotus uhluke kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezibomvu zokuhlobisa ze-Astronotus zisabalele. AmaJuvenile awafane nabazali bawo, kepha anombala omnyama wamalahle onemigqa emhlophe nokuba khona kwephethini elincane elimise izinkanyezi emzimbeni wonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ifomu lokuzalela i-albino laziwa kahle futhi izinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu ze-Astronotus ezinamaphiko amhlophe, okuvame ukubizwa nge- "Red Oscar", zivame kakhulu kwabaningi bokuzilibazisa.
Imvamisa, umbala wengemuva elijwayelekile uyahluka kusuka kumathoni ansundu ngokumpunga ukuya kumnyama wamalahle, lapho kukhona izindawo ezihlakazekile nezikhulu, kanye namabala aphuzi ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okungenzeka abe nomngcele omnyama obonakalayo. Isisekelo somkhawulo we-caudal sibonakala ngendawo enkulu emnyama ehlelwe umugqa we-orange, ofana nokuvela kweso elikhulu. Kukhona okucatshangwayo ukuthi kungenxa yaleli “iso” elenza ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi zinikezwe igama elithile "Ocellatus", okusho ukuthi "ocellated" ngesiLatini.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo engokwemvelo yabo bonke abamele lolu hlobo lwamachibi aseBrazil, kanye naseVenezuela, eGuiana naseParaguay. Izazi zezinkanyezi zalethwa okokuqala endaweni yaseYurophu cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, futhi eRussia izinhlanzi ezinjalo zavela ngemuva kwesikhashana, kepha cishe ngokushesha zaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa zenziwe ngempumelelo ngempumelelo engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMelika, lapho ingezinto ezidumile zokudoba ezemidlalo ezandile. Cishe wonke amapulazi amakhulu agxile ekuzalelaneni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ahileleke kakhulu ekuzaleni i-Astronotus, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezithandwayo njenge "Red Oscar".
Okuqukethwe kwe-Astronotus
Mhlawumbe ama-cichlids athandwa kakhulu futhi aziwa kakhulu ku-hobby yesimanje ye-aquarium ama-astronotus. Udumo olunjalo lunqotshwe ngokuyinhloko ngamakhono aklanywe ngokwanele ezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa, ezingabamele abavelele be-oda le-perch-like kanye nomndeni we-cichlid. Ngokusho kwabanikazi bazo, izinkanyezi ziyakwazi ukubona umnikazi wazo futhi zivume nokuthi ziphululwe, futhi ziyaqeqeshwa nakwezinye izindlela ezilula.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Aquarium, ivolumu
Ukuze izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi zasekhaya zibe nempilo futhi zijabule, amanzi e-aquarium kufanele afudumele futhi ahlanzeke, ngombuso wokushisa ungakapheli u-23-27mayelanaKUSUKA... Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi udinga ukuthenga i-thermometer ekhethekile ne-heater. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukugcina isikhathi eside kakhulu kwe-astronotus emanzini afudumele ngokweqile kungahle kudale ukukhula kwendlala yomoya-mpilo esilwaneni esihlobisayo, kulandele ukulimala okusheshayo emithanjeni nasesicwini senhliziyo. Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kwezinhlanzi emanzini abandayo kakhulu kaningi kuthinta kabi amasosha omzimba, ngenxa yalokho i-Astronotus iba sengozini yezifo eziningi ezimbi nezibulalayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enkambeni yokukhetha uhlelo lokuhlunga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwezinkomba zamandla weyunithi, futhi idivayisi ethengiwe kufanele ibhekane kalula nokuhlanzwa kwenani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile.
Ukugcina abantu abadala, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-140-150 ngenhlanzi ngayinye. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abamele i-oda lama-perchiformes nomndeni we-cichlid bayakwazi ukukhiqiza imfucuza enkulu impela phakathi nempilo yabo, ngakho-ke uhlelo oluhle lokuhlunga luzodinga ukufakwa ku-aquarium futhi u-20-30% wamanzi e-aquarium kuzodingeka aguqulwe masonto onke. Ukuhlunga okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kuphela okungavimbela ukuqoqwa kobuthi obunzima emanzini, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuhlanza izihlungi ze-aquarium. I-asidi kufanele ibe ngu-6.5-7.5 ph, nobulukhuni bamanzi akufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-25 dH.
Ukuhambisana, isimilo
Ochwepheshe emkhakheni we-aquaristics yanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi kungakuhle ukugcina abamele i-oda lezindawo zokuhlala kanye nomndeni we-cichlid kuphela ngokwehlukana. Ama-cichlids amakhulu aseningizimu naseMelika Ephakathi angabhekwa njengamakhelwane abangaba khona besazi sezinkanyezi.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha izinhlobo zama-cichlids angenalo ulaka kakhulu, kepha futhi hhayi nabantu abazolile ngokweqile noma abangenzi lutho, abazofakwa kwi-Astrronotus. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuze kugcinwe izinkanyezi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kufanele zigcwaliswe e-aquarium ngasikhathi sinye, okuzovimbela "ukuphinda kuthathwe" kwendawo ngabantu abanamandla noma abake bahlala ngaphambili.
Ukudla, ukudla
Isabelo esikhulu sokudla sezinkanyezi ezindala simelwe ngu:
- isibungu esikhulu segazi;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- inyama engenamafutha;
- inhliziyo yezinkomo e-shredded;
- izibopho zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- okuphakelayo okukhethekile kwama-cichlids amakhulu.
Bonke abamele abantu abadala bama-perchiformes kanye nomndeni we-cichlid bayisiminzi, ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukuthuthuka kwezinkinga zesisu namathumbu emathumbu, kunconywa ukondla izilwane ezifuywayo kanye kuphela ngosuku. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela izinsuku zokuzila ukudla kwezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kungenzeka ukuthi ukondla abamele i-oda lama-perchiformes nomndeni we-cichlid ngenhliziyo yenkomo hhayi kanye ngenyanga, okuzovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala futhi kube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni okuzinzile kwabantu abadala.
Izincomo ezingeziwe zokondla i-Astronotus zifaka ukwethula ekudleni kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, i-rootlet, izinhlanzi eziphilayo eziphakathi nendawo, onoshobishobi namaxoxo, isikwidi nezimfanzi. Futhi, ukudla kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokudla kwezitshalo ngendlela yesinkwa esimnyama esimanyiwe, ama-oats agoqiwe, isipinashi esiqoshiwe namaqabunga eletisi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhekane kahle nekhono lokushintshaniswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla, kufaka phakathi hhayi amaprotheni kuphela, kepha nezakhi eziyinhloko zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ukukhetha kuphela ukuhlinzeka izinhlanzi ezincane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umehluko omkhulu, obonakala kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa abadala be-Astronotus nabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi balolu hlobo:
- Abesifazane be-Astronotus babonakala ngesisu esiyindilinga ngaphezulu;
- abesilisa banebanga elikhulu phakathi kwamehlo;
- isifunda se-anal fin sangemuva sowesifazane sinesimo esime njengepheya, futhi ingxenye efanayo kumuntu wesilisa, njengomthetho, ilingana futhi ayinazo izigaxa ezibonakalayo;
- kaningi, abesilisa be-Astronotus baba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane balezi zinhlobo zeminyaka efanayo;
- amaphiko okhalo lwendoda ayinde ngokwedlulele futhi anokubonakala okuphawulwe ngokusobala engxenyeni yesiginali kuneyabesifazane.
- indawo engaphambili yowesilisa ivame ukuba ne-convex ukwedlula ebunzini lowesifazane.
Zonke lezi zibonakaliso ezingenhla zihlobene, kepha zingasetshenziswa njengendawo eyisethenjwa eyinhloko. Izinhlanzi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho zineminyaka emibili. Ukukhiqiza kabusha, izinkanyezi zinikezwa i-aquarium ejwayelekile enevolumu ephansi yama-300-350 amalitha. noma ibhokisi lokuzala eliseceleni lamalitha ayi-180-200 ngohlelo oluhle lokuhlunga kanye ne-aeration. Kufanele kubekwe itshe elikhulu, eliyisicaba, elihlanzekile. Abesifazane baba ne-ovipositor ebonakalayo ngaphambi nje kokuzala. Izinhlanzi ezindala zizala izikhathi eziyishumi zilandelana, kube nesikhathi esingangenyanga, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ziphumule amasonto ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Astronotus gazinga ikhula futhi ikhule ngokungalingani kakhulu, futhi phakathi kokunye, kufanele ihlelwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze abantu abakhulu bangadli okuncane kakhulu.
Ukuzalisa ngempumelelo i-Astronotus kusho ukwanda kokudla ngezinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwezilwane, kufaka phakathi izibungu zezinambuzane, imisundu yegazi, imisundu, izingcezu ezincane zenyama yenkomo engenamafutha nezinhlanzi ezincane eziphilayo. Izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kufanele likhuphuke kancane ngama-degree ambalwa, futhi kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka izibani ezibuthakathaka, kepha ubusuku nemini. Ingxenye yamanzi ishintshwa ngamanzi abilisiwe. Amaqanda abekwa ngowesifazane avundiswa owesilisa. Ama-clutch angashiywa ekunakekeleni kombhangqwana ongumzali noma adluliselwe ku-incubator. Zonke izinkanyezi cishe zingabazali abafanele futhi zivikela inzalo yazo ubusuku nemini, zisuse amaqanda angenamvuthwandaba bese ziwondla ngemfihlo yesikhumba sefry echanyuselwe.
Izifo zokuzala
I-Astronotus iphakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezingathobekile futhi ezingazweli ezifweni... Noma kunjalo, abamele ukuhleleka kwama-perches kanye nomndeni we-cichlid kungenzeka badalulwe ezifweni ezingathathelani nezezifo ezithathelwanayo, imvamisa kakhulu imvelaphi yamagciwane nefungal.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kwezimo zokuboshwa noma ukudla okunomsoco futhi kubandakanya isifo semigodi, noma i-hexamitosis, ebonakaliswa ukuguguleka kwekhanda nomugqa ohlangothini. Kulokhu, zonke izindawo ezithintekile zibonakala ngokuvela kwezimbotshana nezimbotshana. Isizathu esingahle sicatshangelwe kulesi sifo ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, i-calcium ne-phosphorus, kanye nokudla okunganele nokuvuselelwa kwamanzi okunganele. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, "i-Metronidazole" isetshenziswa futhi ukudluliselwa kuhlobo lokudla olulinganiselayo kuyenziwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele lolu hlobo baphila kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi nambili, kepha ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe besondlo kanye nemithetho yokunakekelwa, kanye nokuvimbela okufika ngesikhathi futhi okulungile, izinhlanzi zasemanzini zikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engaba yishumi nanhlanu noma ngaphezulu.
Izifo ze-Astronotus zohlobo oluthathelwanayo noma lwe-parasitic zidinga ukwethulwa kwezinyathelo zokuhlukaniswa. Kuyinto engathandeki neze ukusebenzisa izinhlanzi zemifula, okuvame ukuba ngumthombo wezifo ezithile eziyingozi neziyingozi, ekudleni kwezinkanyezi. Umhlabathi wemvelo kufanele ubiliswe ngaphambi kokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium. Izimila nezinto zokuhlobisa zicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa isixazululo esiphaphathekile esibomvana se-potassium permanganate.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Ama-aquarists angomakadebona akholelwa ukuthi ukuze i-astronotus ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukudala izindawo eziningi lapho izinhlanzi zingacasha khona.
Abamele i-oda elifana ne-perch kanye nomndeni we-cichlid bathanda kakhulu ukuzimela ngokwabo konke ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi e-aquarium ngokusho kwabo, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhlela kabusha izinto zokuhlobisa, kufaka phakathi izinkuni namatshe. Ngakho-ke, imihlobiso ebukhali noma eyingozi kufanele ikhishwe ngokuphelele.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-Aguaruna noma i-catfish yemisipha
- UGourami
- Ibhavu yaseSumatran
- Inkanyezi ye-Ancistrus
Njengoba umkhuba wokugcina izinkanyezi ubonisa, izikelemu zegazi kunconywa ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukondla izilwane ezincane, futhi abantu abadala badinga ukudla okuphilayo okukhulu. Izikelemu zomhlaba kufanele zihlanzwe ngaphambili emanzini avela enhlabathini nasekungcoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-protein mince, elungiswa kusuka enkomeni yenkomo, inyama ye-squid, izingcezu zesibindi nenhliziyo, ikulungele kahle ukondla ama-cichlids, bese iqhwa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-Astronotus ayizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke, kufanele anikezwe ukudla okunothe kakhulu ngamaprotheni ngangokunokwenzeka... Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokudla okwehlukahlukene okukhethekile okulethwe ezitolo zezilwane, kepha ezimweni zemvelo labo bameleli bezilwane badla izinhlanzi ezincane, ngakho-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukudla, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ukudla okunjalo. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini, ukudla okusha nokubandayo noma okomisiwe okwenzelwe le njongo.
Okubalulekile! Inani lokudla okunikeziwe kufanele likwazi ukuthi i-astronotus ikudle ngemizuzu embalwa. Ukudla okweqile akudliwa futhi konakalisa amanzi e-aquarium, kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile, izazi zezinkanyezi zinhle kakhulu futhi zinobuhlakani bezinhlanzi okuthi, ngokudla okufanele nokunakekelwa okufanele, zikwazi ukujabulisa umnikazi wazo ngokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo, nangothando oluthile. Isikhala esihle, amanzi ahlanzekile futhi afudumele, ubukhona bezindawo ezifihlekile nokudla okunothe kwamaprotheni kuvumela isilwane esingenakuzithoba futhi esithakazelisa kakhulu ukugcina impilo yaso ende nempilo.
