I-Helminthiases (lat. Helminthosis) yizifo eziningi ezibangelwa ama-helminths. Izikelemu ezibizwa ngama-parasitic noma i-helminths zingamelwa yizikelemu, noma ama-cestode, ama-flukes, noma ama-trematode avela eqenjini le-flatworm, kanye nezibungu eziyindilinga, noma ama-nematode.
Kungani i-helminthiasis iyingozi
Abanikazi bezinja abaningi ngephutha ababoni ukuthi noma yiziphi izikhuthazi zezifo ezidinga ukwelashwa, okuwumbono oyiphutha ngokuphelele, ngoba ezinye izifo zesimanje nezimbi kakhulu zibangelwa i-helminths kuphela. Izikelemu eziphazamisayo ezisemathunjini zivusa ukuvela kokopha ne-edema, ukuvela kobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini nokuhlanza.
Izinkinga ezihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-helminthiasis enja yilezi:
- ukuvinjelwa yi-helminths yezinye izakhamzimba ezingena emzimbeni womuntu noma wesilwane nokudla;
- ngokujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ukuncipha komzimba wesilwane ngokungathi sína futhi ngokushesha;
- ukwethulwa kwamagciwane amasha ezithweni zangaphakathi zesilwane kanye "nokwethulwa" kwamagciwane asebenzayo akhona emzimbeni ngisho nangaphambi kokubonakaliswa kokuhlasela kwe-helminthic;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okubangelwa ukwehla okujwayelekile kokuzivikela kwenja;
- ubuthi bezitho zezilwane noma izicubu ezinemikhiqizo kadoti onobuthi we-helminths;
- ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu komzimba;
- ukubambezeleka kokukhula okujwayelekile nokuvimbela intuthuko;
- ukuthuthukiswa jaundice ngaphansi kwethonya helminths abahlala ohlelweni biliary isilwane.
Izifo ezimbi kakhulu zibandakanya ukulimala okubangelwa i-helminths kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi isibindi namaphaphu, kanye nezicubu zobuchopho... Imiphumela ye-helminthiasis ingaba nzima kakhulu, imelwe ukuphelelwa ngamandla nokulahleka kombono, ukuqina okukhulu noma ukuquleka kwesithuthwane, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamathumbu noma ukufa.
Okubalulekile! Imidlwane, kanye nezilwane ezinamasosha omzimba antekenteke nezinja ezindala ezinezifo ezingapheli zemvelo ehlukile kuhlobo lwazo, zisabela kakhulu kwizimpawu ze-helminthiasis.
Ama-helminths amaningi, akhubaza emzimbeni wezilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine, akwazi ukudluliselwa kumnikazi kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Izimbangela ze-helminthiasis
Ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukunquma iminyaka efanele yesilwane. Izinja zezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zihlala zingumdlwane kuze kube sezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi ezinkulu - kuze kube unyaka. Yile pharamitha evame ukuthatha isinqumo, ngoba noma iziphi izibungu zithinta impilo nesimo esijwayelekile senja eneminyaka emihlanu kanye nomdlwane onezinyanga ezintathu ubudala ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala kakhulu bayakwazi ukubekezelela ukwelashwa noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubulala izikelemu ngokuthula, futhi ezifuyweni ezincane kunazo zonke, le nqubo kwesinye isikhathi iphela ngokudabukisayo, kuze kube sekufeni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ngezingozi zalezi zinambuzane zangaphakathi, kanye nokuhlonza ngesikhathi esifanele ukutholakala kwazo emzimbeni wenja futhi ngokufanelekile, ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuqeda i-helminthiasis.
Okubalulekile! Imizila eyinhloko yokutheleleka kwenja imelwe yizithwali ezibukhoma zesifo ngendlela yokuxhumana nezilwane ezigulayo, imikhaza noma amazeze, kanye nokuvakashelwa yisilwane ezindaweni lapho kunengozi enkulu yokuxhumana nezinto ezihlwanyelwe kakhulu ngama-helminths noma amaqanda azo.
Njengoba kufakazelwa yizifundo eziningi, ukukhipha izikelemu kwesilwane ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela futhi okunekhono kungaba yisihluthulelo sempilo enhle nokuthuthuka okugcwele kwenja, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko noma izici zobudala.
Izinhlobo zezikelemu
Emzimbeni wenja, izinhlobo eziningi eziyinhloko ze-helminths zivame ukukhulelwa, ezimelelwe yizikelemu (nematodes), kanye nama-flukes (trematodes) kanye ne-tapeworms (cestode).
Izikelemu eziyindilinga
- Tohosara sanis - Izikelemu ezinobude bomzimba ngaphakathi kuka-150 mm, ezimhlophe ngombala, ezinemikhawulo ekhombe ngokuqinile. Izikelemu ezibukhoma ezitholakala endleni zihlanganiswe zibe yindilinga eqinile noma entwasahlobo, njengezintambo. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka esibelethweni, ngobisi lwebele, noma ngokuxhumana nezindawo ezingcolile. Amaqanda agcina umsebenzi wawo ophelele unyaka wonke;
- Tohassaris leonna - Izikelemu ezihlala emathunjini, kepha ifomu lesibungu likhula esiswini kuphela, ngemuva kwalokho alifuduki, ngenxa yalokhu likwazi ukudala ingozi enkulu kakhulu esilwaneni;
- I-Ancylostoma canninum - ama-nematode amancane, aphuzi, ubude bawo abudluli kuma-20 mm, futhi ikhanda lekhanda linokuzungeza okubonakalayo. Izinsimbi zomlomo wesibungu zikhulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nobukhulu baso obujwayelekile, ezimelwe imigqa eminingana yamazinyo abukhali anjengezingwe
- Uncinaria stеnoserhalа - ama-parasites amancane, ubude bawo abudluli ku-20 mm. Lezi zinhlobo zivundile kakhulu futhi ziminzile, futhi cishe zikuyo yonke indawo. Izinsimbi zomlomo zimelwe ngababili bamapuleti abukhali, okulimaza kalula amathumbu wesilwane esinemilenze emine;
- Dirofilaria - ama-nematode amhlophe wokubukeka okujwayelekile, ane-taper yesici esiphundu. Insikazi yesibungu esiyisidlakudla ihlukaniswa nosayizi wayo omkhulu, ofinyelela kubude obungu-150 mm. Isigaba sesibungu sincane, sinesiphetho sangaphakathi esiyindilinga. Isilwane sitheleleka ngokulunywa omiyane.
I-helminths eyisicaba
- I-Dirilidium caninum - ummeleli ojwayelekile we-tapeworms, umzimba wawo omelwe izingxenye ezihlukene. Ngaphakathi kwesilwane esikhulu, ubude besibungu esinjalo bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-150. Izingxenye ezivuthiwe eziqhamuka nendle zoma ngokushesha ngokwanele, ngemuva kwalokho ziqhume, bese amaqanda engena esiswini senja nezinambuzane ezincela igazi;
- Eshinosossus Ingabe isibungu esincane esiyisinanakazana, nobude bomuntu omdala abuvamile ukudlula u-5.0 mm. Isici somsiki womlomo ubukhona bamashumi amaningi izingwegwe ezibukhali kakhulu ezilimaza kakhulu inja yamathumbu enja futhi zivame ukudala ukufa kwemidlwane hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abancane kunabo bonke;
- I-Dirhyllobothrium latum - isibungu esikhulu, esingafika kumamitha ayishumi ubude, esiqukethe "izingxenye" ezinkulu ezingamakhulu amaningana. Ukutheleleka kwenja kwenzeka ngenkathi kudliwa inhlanzi engaphekiwe, eluhlaza;
- Оristhorсhida - izikhukhula ezincane, ezibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaswidi ohlobo lomlomo nolwe-peritoneal. Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuyisibungu okuyisinanakazana kuphawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-gallbladder ne-bile ducts yenja, kanye nezicubu zesibindi noma amanyikwe.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezitheleleke ngemishanguzo eyingozi ngokweqile, ezikwazi ngesikhathi esifushane ukungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi kuphela, kepha futhi nokucekela phansi ngokuphelele izicubu zazo ezinempilo, zithinteka kakhulu.
Izimpawu ze-helminthiasis
I-symptomatology ye-helminthiasis ngqo incike ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezikelemu ezithinta isilwane:
- Izikelemu eziyindilinga Tohosara sanis enja, zibangela izimpawu zokuphefumula ezinzima kakhulu, ezimelwe ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane. Kusukela emaphashini, ingxenye ethile yezibungu ezingena egazini ingena ezithweni zangaphakathi, lapho ingasebenzi khona. Enye ingxenye yama-parasites ikhwehlela, bese igwinywa yizilwane bese iphelela emathunjini emathumbu, lapho abantu abadala bekhula futhi bazale khona;
- izibungu I-Ancylostoma canninum bamba izindonga zamathumbu, lapho bondla khona izingcezwana zezinambuzane nezicubu zegazi, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia kanye ne-spasms, kanye nezinqubo ezibonakalayo zokuvuvukala. Isilwane sitheleleka ngesikhumba, bese isigaba sesibungu sifudukela ezicutshini ze-bronchi nephaphu, ngemuva kwalokho sikhwehlele bese singena kalula emgodini wamathumbu. Ngezibungu emaphashini, inja inezinkinga ezisobala zokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqhuma, nokukhwehlela okukhulu;
- ukutheleleka Uncinaria stеnoserhalа kubangela i-anemia kanye nokucindezeleka kokugaya ukudla, kufaka phakathi isifo sohudo esiqhubekayo segazi. Izimpethu ezindala neziphilayo zalolu hlobo zivame kakhulu ukukhishwa kanye nendle. Kwesinye isikhathi izimuncagazi ezinjalo zingangena esikhunjeni, zivuse ukuthuthuka komuzwa wokulunywa kanye ne-urticaria, kepha esimweni esinjalo zifa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo zombuso wokushisa ongakhululekile kakhulu;
- izibungu Dirofilaria kucasule ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zenhliziyo, izimpawu zazo ezingamelwa yi-tachycardia, ukukhathala okusheshayo okukhulu, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokukhwehlela kokugenca. Isigaba sezibungu, esijikeleza negazi, siyakwazi ukudala ushintsho cishe kunoma yiziphi izitho, futhi ukuhlala kwazo enhliziyweni kuvame ukuba imbangela yokufa;
- ukunqotshwa I-Dirilidium caninum kuhambisana nezimpawu ezinzima, ezimelwe ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okuphawuliwe, ukudakwa kanye nohudo, kanye nokwehla kwesifiso sokudla nokuhlanza okunamandla njalo. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngokwenziwa kwezilwane, ukulimala kwamathumbu kubanga ukuvimbeleka kwawo;
- I-Dirhyllobothrium latum kulimaza umgudu wamathumbu, kuyilapho kukhishwa izinto ezinobuthi obukhulu besilwane, futhi ukungabi bikho kokwelashwa okunekhono futhi okufika ngesikhathi kuba isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda okusheshayo kokukhathala kanye nokushoda kwegazi, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezinzima zesisu noma zamathumbu.
Ekusolweni kokuqala kokuba khona kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezibungu enjeni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuxilonga ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kahle uhlobo lwemithi yokwelashwa olulodwa nolusebenza kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kokuhlasela kwe-helminthic kuzodinga indlela ebucayi kakhulu nekhono lokukhetha uhlobo lwemithi yokwelapha. Amathebulethi ezikelemu ezinambuzane abekwa ngudokotela wezilwane kuphela ngemuva kokutholakala kokuxilongwa futhi kuqinisekisiwe ngesisekelo sombiko waselebhu noma ucwaningo lwendle yezilwane lapho kukhona amaqanda ezikelemu. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngobuningi noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezikelemu, izibungu ziyakwazi ukuphuma zodwa, kepha umuntu ovamile ngeke akwazi kahle, kuphela ngezimpawu zangaphandle, ukunquma uhlobo lwe-helminths.
Yonke imithi ye-anthelmintic inendlela yokusebenza ehluke kakhulu kokulimazayo, kufaka phakathi ukuvinjelwa kokudla okunomsoco noma ukukhubazeka okusebenzayo kwezicubu ze-neuromuscular of worms:
- ifomu lethebulethi "I-Milbemax"- evame ukusetshenziselwa ukubulala izikelemu zenja ngaphambi kokugoma minyaka yonke. Ikhambi linikezwa isilwane ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho. Ukukhishwa kwesibungu okuphindaphindwayo kwenziwa ngokulandela imiyalo okumele inamathiselwe kulowo muthi, futhi kwenziwa esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuye emasontweni ambalwa. Isisekelo somuthi simelelwa yinto yamakhemikhali engaba nomthelela kuma-nematode avuthiwe ngokocansi kanye ne-cestode, kanye nesigaba sebungu, ngenxa yokuthi i-ejenti ingahlukaniswa njengeyendawo yonke;
- ukumiswa noma ifomu lethebhulethiOkushisiwe"- okuhloswe ngayo ukususa isilwane esinemilenze emine kuma-nematode. Isisekelo somuthi simelelwa yi-pyrantel yendabuko, ecekela phansi kuphela uhlobo lomuntu omdala wezikelemu zamathumbu. Umuthi ungadala ukumelana no-helminths nokuzalwa kwenzalo ephikisana kakhulu nengxenye esebenzayo yomuthi.
Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuluthwa yizikelemu ezincelisayo kumuthi osetshenziselwa ukukhipha izikelemu, kunconywa ukuba unikeze inja imithi ehlukahlukene, kanye nokunaka ngokwanele izindlela zokuvimbela.
Okubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi ukulungiswa kwesimanje nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi okusebenza kohlobo oluthile lwe-helminth kuvame ukukhombisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunamakhambi asemhlabeni wonke enzelwe ukubulala inja.
Ukuvimbela izikelemu enjeni
Akunakwenzeka ukuhlinzeka isilwane esinemilenze emine ngokuvikelwa okugcwele ekuthelelekeni ngezikelemu... Ngakho-ke, ngisho izinhlobo zasendlini ezisebenzisa amathileyi asendlini ukulungisa isidingo sazo semvelo kungenzeka zitheleleke ngezicathulo ezingcolile zangaphandle.
Yingakho ukuvimbela okulungile futhi okuhlelekile kuhlala kuyisimo esibalulekile sokugcina impilo nenqanaba eliphakeme lempilo yenja:
- emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokukhwelana okuhleliwe, isilwane sinikezwa imishanguzo yesidakamizwa ebekwe ngudokotela wezilwane;
- isibungu sokuqala somdlwane kufanele senziwe cishe emasontweni amabili noma enyangeni eyodwa ubudala;
- akufanele ungazinaki izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezihleliwe, kufaka phakathi ukungena okuphoqelekile kwama-antiparasitic agents;
- ukuvikelwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile kwesilwane kusuka ectoparasites kuzonciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-helminths.
Okubalulekile! Izikelemu eziyimifino ziyingozi ikakhulukazi emidlwane emincane kakhulu noma izinja ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ngakho-ke, izilwane ezinjalo kufanele zinikezwe izindlela zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinekhono ezizonciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-helminths.
Kunconywa ukuthi uhambe inja kude nokulahlwa komhlaba nezindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi uvikela isilwane sakho ekuthintaneni nezilwane ezingenamakhaya, zasendle noma ezigulayo.
Ingozi kubantu
Umzimba womuntu ungaba yindawo yokuhlala izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezingamakhulu amathathu ezahlukahlukene zezikelemu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwezicubu zamathumbu nenhliziyo, i-bronchi namaphaphu, kanye nasesibindini, esiswini nasemgodini wamathumbu.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Ukugonywa kwemidlwane - ukubeka ini nokuthi nini
- I-Iron - umkhaza ongena ngaphansi kwenja
- I-Piroplasmosis (babesiosis) ezinjeni
- Okufanele ukwenze uma inja ilunywa umkhaza
Ingxenye ethile kuphela ye-canine helminths engadluliselwa kubantu, ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa komzimba phakathi kwesilwane nomuntu... Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezibungu olukhubaza izinja futhi oluyingozi kakhulu kubantu yi-echinococci, ehambisa igazi egazini lezicubu zesibindi nobende, ubuchopho nomgogodla, izinso, amathambo nezicubu zomzimba, nama-cysts nama-neoplasms ezithweni zangaphakathi ezibangelwa yilesi sibungu kuvame ukuba imbangela yokufa.
