Ama-lemurs emifino (lat. Сheirogaleidae) yizilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni ezisuka kuma-primates Wet-nosed -order angaphansi. Lo mndeni, ovame kakhulu engxenyeni enkulu yensimu yaseMadagascar, ubandakanya nama-lemurs egundane namagundane.
Incazelo yama-pygmy lemurs
Onke ama-pygmy lemurs aphilayo agcine kahle ezinye zezinto zasendulo, enza lezo zilwane ezincelisayo zibe obunye bobufakazi obuphilayo kakhulu bemvelaphi yethu. Noma kunjalo, izakhamuzi ezinjalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMadagascar cishe azifani neze nezinkawu ezaziwa futhi ezifundwa ngabantu namuhla.
Ukubukeka
Ama-lemur amaPygmy yizilwane ezinemisila emide nezici, ezikhule kahle kakhulu, namehlo aqhamukayo.... Inhloko ye-pygmy lemur mfushane, enomlomo oyindilinga. Imilenze yangemuva mide kancane kunemilenze yangaphambili, kodwa yonke iminwe yesilwane esincelisayo yakhula ngokulinganayo, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwezinzipho eziqinile nezicijile. Izindlebe zosayizi ophakathi zimbozwe nge-sparse futhi zihle kakhulu, izinwele eziningi ngaphandle.
Uboya bezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi buthambile, futhi kwezinye izindawo - nge-silkiness eveziwe. Ngemuva, ijazi liyi-wavy futhi libucayi impela. Ama-lemurs amancane ahlala emahlathini ashisayo aseMadagascar ahlukaniswa izinwele ezibomvu ezinombala onsundu. Zonke izilwane ezihlala emahlathini omile entshonalanga yeMadagascar zinoboya obuningi obumpunga ngemuva.
Kuyathakazelisa! Okuncane kakhulu kuze kube yimanje ama-lemurs amancane emagundane, futhi isisindo esimaphakathi somuntu omdala walezi zinhlobo singaphezu nje kwama-28-30 amagremu.
Umbala wamehlo ezinyoni ngqo uncike ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo, kepha imvamisa isilwane esincelisayo sinamehlo abomvu ngokusawolintshi noma nsundu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu, ama-lemurs egundane adume kakhulu, ngoba namuhla izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukuthengwa ngabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezingaphandle njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Onke amalungu omndeni we-Dwarf lemur angaphansi kwezilwane zasebusuku ezisebenza kuphela lapho kuqala ubumnyama, okuchaza ngamehlo amakhulu abona kahle ebusuku ngenxa yamakristalu akhethekile akhanyayo. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo ziyalala, zigoqeke zibe yibhola. Ukulala noma ukuphumula, ikakhulukazi imigodi yezihlahla nezidleke zikhululekile ezenziwe ngotshani, amagatsha amancane namahlamvu asetshenziswa.
Emapaki ezilwane, ama-pygmy lemurs, kanye nezinye izilwane zasebusuku, agcinwa ezimweni ezikhethekile noma emahholo abizwa nge- "Night primates". Ngesikhathi sasemini, kugcinwa ubumnyama obanele ngokwenziwa kulawo makamelo, avumela noma yiziphi izilwane zasebusuku ukuthi zikhululeke futhi zigcine umsebenzi wazo wemvelo, wemvelo. Ebusuku, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhanya kuyakhanya, ngakho-ke ama-lemurs ayolala.
Bonke abamele umndeni omkhulu ngokwedlulele kungafanele babhekiswe esigabeni sezilwane eziyingqayizivele phakathi kwezinkawu ezidumile.... Lo mbono uchazwa kalula yikhono lezilwane zokuchitha isikhathi eside lisesimweni sokundikindiki noma lokumiswa kwezithombe.
Ngalesi sikhathi, imetabolism iyancipha futhi ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokushisa komzimba kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane songa inani elikhulu lamandla. Ungalokothi ufihle isidleke se-lemurs esinemigqa yemifoloko emigodini yezihlahla, futhi ulale futhi uphumule kuphela endaweni yokuhlala, ngamakhanda abo ehlisiwe phakathi kwezingaphambili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ububanzi bephimbo le-lemur limelelwa yimisindo ehlukahlukene lapho ama-primates anjalo angaxhumana khona, futhi eminye imisindo iyakwazi ukusabalalisa ezingeni le-ultrasonic.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, esigabeni sokulungiselela ukulala ubusika, ama-pygmy lemurs aqala ukondla okusebenzayo, okwandisa isisindo sesilwane cishe amahlandla ambalwa. Izinqolobane zamafutha ziyanqwabelana ngaphansi komsila, ngemuva kwalokho zidliwe kancane kancane ngumzimba we-lemur ngesikhathi sopopayi omisiwe. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-pygmy lemurs akhetha ukuhlala yedwa noma angahlangana. Zihamba ngobuhlakani ngokugxuma noma ngokugijimela emagatsheni emiqhele yezihlahla, zisebenzisa zonke izitho ezine zale nhloso.
Ama-lemurs ahlala isikhathi esingakanani
Phakathi kwama-lemurs, kunokwehluka kubude besikhathi sokuphila. Isibonelo, ama-lemurs egundane likaKokerel ahlala emvelweni cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, kanti abamele izinhlobo zezinhlayiya zamagundane eziGrey ekuthunjweni baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
Izinhlobo zama-pygmy lemurs
Kuze kube manje, umndeni we-Dwarf lemur uhlanganisa imikhakha emihlanu, futhi umelwe nezinhlobo ezintathu, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo okuvame kakhulu:
- Ama-lemurs e-fat-tailed pygmy (Сheirоgаlеus umaphakathi) - ube nobude bomzimba kububanzi obungu-6.0-6.1 cm nobude bomsila obungu-13.5-13.6 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-30.5-30.6 g;
- Ama-lemur amakhulu we-pygmy (Сheirogаlеus mаjоr) - ebonakala ngomsila omfishane, ngokuqina okubonakalayo esisekelweni;
- Imouse lemurs Coquerela (UMirza coquereli) - ziyehluka ngobude bomzimba nekhanda elingaphakathi kuka-18-20 cm ngomsila ongadluli ku-32-33 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-280-300 g;
- Amagundane egundane lama-Pygmy (UMiсrocebus myokinus) - zingenye yezinkawu ezincane kunazo zonke ezinesisindo somzimba esingu-43-55 g nobude obungu-20-22 cm;
- Igundane elimpunga lemur (I-Microcebus murinus) - omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu be-genus futhi banesisindo ebangeni lika-58-67 g;
- Amagundane abomvu ama-lemurs (UMikrocebus rufus) - zibonakala ngobuningi obungaba ngu-50 g ngobude bomzimba kububanzi obungu-12.0-12.5 cm nomsila - 11.0-11.5 cm;
- Imouse kaBertha Lemurs (Мicrocebus berthаe) - imiphetho yesimo sesiqhingi saseMadagascar njengamanje yizinyamazane ezincane kunazo zonke ezaziwa yisayensi enobude bomzimba ongu-9.0-9.5 cm onesisindo sabantu abadala esingama-24-37 g;
- Ama-lemurs ezinwele (I-Allocebus trichotis) - ube nobude obufinyelela ku-28-30 cm ngesisindo esingeqile ku-80-100 g;
- Ama-lemurs anemishwe (I-PHаner furсifеr) - abe nobude bomzimba obungu-25-27 cm nomsila ezingeni elingu-30-38 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngo-2012, engxenyeni esempumalanga yehlathi laseSahafina, elisendaweni engama-50 km ukusuka endaweni yeMantadia National Park zone, kwatholakala uhlobo olusha - iMouse Lemur Herpa noma iMicrocebus gerpi.
Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zinikezwa uhlobo lweCheirogaleus noma ama-Rat lemurs, kanti uhlobo lweMicrosebus noma iMouse lemurs lumelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla uhlobo lukaMirza luthathwa njengoluncane kunazo zonke.
Indawo, ukusatshalaliswa
ISheirogaleus medius isabalele ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga naseningizimu yeMadagascar, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi ashisayo anomile futhi anomswakama, akhetha ungqimba olungezansi lwezimila. Izinhlobo ze-Сheirogaleus majоr zihlala ezifundeni ezinamahlathi nezinamahlathi ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho yeMadagascar, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka engxenyeni esentshonalanga emaphakathi neMadagascar.
Ama-lemurs amancane anama-wool (Сheirogaleus crоssleyi) ahlala emahlathini asenyakatho nasempumalanga yeMadagascar, kanti ama-lemurs amancane aseSiberia (iSheirogaleus sibreei) asatshalaliswa kuphela empumalanga yesifundazwe. Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo uMirza coquereli bakhethe amahlathi omile eWestern Madagascar. Kutholwe nguKappeler kuphela ngo-2005, iGreat Northern Mouse Lemur iyisilwane esivame enyakatho yeMadagascar.
IMicebcebus myokinus ingumuntu ohlala emahlathini awomile futhi ahlabayo asesiqhingini naseKirindi Natural Park, futhi izindawo zemvelo zezinhlobo zeMicrocebus rufus zingamahlathi aphakeme nawokuqala, kufaka phakathi amabhande ehlathi ezindaweni ezisogwini ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphakathi kwehlathi loqalo.
Ukudla kwe-lemur encane
Cishe abamele omnivorous bomndeni we-Dwarf lemur abasetshenziseli ukudla izithelo nezikhonkwane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimbali nompe, ngokuba impova ezisebenzayo zezitshalo eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo zivezwa ukwehla okufushane phansi, okukuvumela ukuthi zizingele zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, kanye nezilwane ezincane impela, kufaka phakathi izicabucabu nezinyoni ezincane, amaxoxo kanye nonwabu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani lotshalo alwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukondla izilwane, ngakho-ke ama-lemurs asebenzisa ukuphumula okude noma anciphise umsebenzi wabo wokuzivocavoca amandla abo.
Phakathi kokunye, izinkawu ezincelisayo zamammalia zivamise ukuzitotosa ngokukhotha iziphuzo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo olude. Amazinyo e-lemurf dwarf anesakhiwo esikhethekile, ngakho-ke, aguqulelwe ngokuphelele ukusikwa okukhanyayo kwamagxolo esihlahla, okukhuthaza ukugeleza okusebenzayo kwamajusi wezakhi zezitshalo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-rutting esebenzayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zabamele umndeni we-Dwarf lemur ivinjelwe ngokuqinile ohlotsheni oluthile lwenkathi, futhi ukusebenza kokukhwelana kweziningi zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo kumelelwa ukukhala okukhulu nokuthinta abalingani bazo. Isibonelo, inkathi yokuzalaniswa kwepygmy lemur enomsila ononile ngu-Okthoba. Ubudlelwano bomndeni bungaba bodwa noma isithembu.... Njengomthetho, owesifazane ubeletha inzalo minyaka yonke, kodwa ubude besikhathi sokukhulelwa buhluka kakhulu phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Cishe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zikhulelwe, insikazi izala amawundlu amabili noma amathathu akhule kahle. Ukukhulelwa kuma-lemurs amancane amancane kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwezinyanga ezimbili, kanti inzalo ezalwayo yondliwa ngobisi lukamama izinsuku ezingama-45-60. Izinhlobo zeMirza coquereli zithwala amaphuphu alo izinyanga ezingaba zintathu, emva kwalokho kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa kuya kwamane. Isisindo se-pygmy lemur esisanda kuzalwa singama-3.0-5.0 amagremu kuphela. Izingane zizalwa zingaboni ngokuphelele, kodwa zivula amehlo azo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu alenga esiswini sikanina, abambelele ezinweleni zowesifazane ngezitho zomzimba, kepha abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ngomlomo. Imvamisa, lapho enenyanga eyodwa, amawundlu ePygmy Lemur angakwazi ukugibela izitshalo noma izihlahla kalula futhi ngokushesha, kepha ekuqaleni alandela ngokungakhathali unina.
Okubalulekile! Lapho nje isilwane esincelisayo simunyiswa ekunceliseni ibele, ngokushesha sithola ukuzimela okuphelele.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu noma emibili, kepha noma sekuneminyaka, lesi silwane sigcina ukuxhumana okuseduze nomzali waso, ngakho-ke, ukukhala okukhulu kuzenza zizwakale kunina. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, izinhlobo zitholakala kalula ngemininingwane yezwi yabalingani, evimbela ngempumelelo inqubo yokuxubana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokufana okuphawulekayo kwangaphandle.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngisho noma benesibindi esanele semvelo futhi bechitha isikhathi esiningi bevikelwe umqhele wesihlahla, abamele umndeni we-Dwarf lemur bavame ukuba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane eziningi.
Izitha eziyinhloko zama-lemurs anjalo endaweni yazo yemvelo, yemvelo zimelwe yizikhova zase-Madagascar ezinamaqabunga amade nezinqolobane, kanye nozipho abakhulu kanye nama-civets, ezinye izinyoka, kufaka phakathi i-boa yesihlahla.
Ama-lemurs emifino nawo angazingelwa ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi i-mungo enemigqa emincane futhi enomsila, kanye nama-fossas, angabameleli abajwayelekile bomndeni waseMadagascar civet. Kaningi, abamele umndeni we-Dwarf lemur bahlaselwa ama-mongooses noma izinja ezindala ezifuywayo zezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Ngokwezibalo, minyaka yonke cishe ama-25% wamagundane ama-lemurs ayafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezidlayo. Noma kunjalo, ngokuya ngokubhekwa kwesikhathi eside, ngisho nokulahleka okuphawulekayo emphakathini jikelele kuyakwazi ukululama ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yenqubo esebenzayo yokuzala yalezo zilwane ezincelisayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kuze kube manje, ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo zama-lemurs zinikezwe isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo, futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zilwane ezingavamile zibhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Abamele bezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi, ama-lemurs anezinwele ezinamakhanda, njengamanje babhekwa njengabasengozini yokuqedwa ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi asebenzayo nokucekelwa phansi kwabantu abadala ngenhloso yokuwasebenzisela ukudla, kanye nokubanjwa ukuze kuthengiswe ngokuqhubekayo njengezilwane ezifuywayo nezithandwayo. Abantu bakhangwa ngosayizi omncane wesilwane namehlo aso abukhali, kepha uma begcinwe ekuthunjweni, izinkawu ezinjalo zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngezimo eziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka nemvelo.
