Inewt ejwayelekile noma ebushelelezi ingeyesigaba sama-amphibian anomsila. Yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zohlobo lwentsha encane. Isazi semvelo nomhloli wamazwe uKarl Linnaeus uqale wachaza lesi silwane sasemanzini ngo-1758.
Incazelo ye-newt ejwayelekile
Abantu abaningi badida i-newt nezibankwa noma amasele.... Kodwa lesi silwane, esikwaziyo ukuphila emanzini nasemhlabeni, sinezici eziningi zesici sangaphandle.
Ukubukeka
Ubude, ubukhulu bezinsizwa busuka ku-8 kuye ku-9 cm. Isikhumba somzimba sinamaqhuqhuva. Isisu siyashelela. Umbala uncike ezinhlotsheni, kepha kaningi kuba nsundu-umnqumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithoni yesikhumba ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwempilo. Ama-molt amasha masonto onke.
Ikhanda likhulu futhi liyisicaba. Ixhunywe nomzimba we-fusiform ngentamo emfushane. Umsila ucishe ulingane ngobude nomzimba. Amabili amabili emilenze yobude obufanayo. Ngaphambili, iminwe emithathu noma emine ibonakala kahle. Izitho zangemuva zineminwe emihlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaTriton akhokhela umbono ompofu ngokweqile ngomqondo othuthukile wephunga.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukile ngaphandle. Lezi zokugcina zinamabala amnyama emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa baba nekama eliqhakazile ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ama-Newts anekhono elimangalisayo lokuzivuselela. Abakwazi ukubuyisa hhayi kuphela izingxenye zomzimba, kodwa futhi nezitho zangaphakathi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa bahlala emaqenjini amancane abantu abaningana emizimbeni yamanzi amile. Zingaphila emachibini amancane, emiseleni. Into esemqoka ukuthi idamu lihlala unomphela. Uthanda amahlathi aminyene angaphansi kwamanzi. Isebenza emanzini ubusuku nemini. Zihlala ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. Zintanta emoyeni njalo ngemizuzu engu-5-7. Kepha kwabasha, ubukhona be-oxygen emanzini uqobo nakho kubalulekile. Zisebenza ebusuku, ngoba azikwazi ukumela ukushisa nokukhanya kwemini okukhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi semvula, amahora emini angavela.
Ama-newts akhipha imisindo emifushane kumvamisa ka-3000-4000 Hz. Ekwindla, lapho nje kufika amakhaza, izintuthwane zihambela emhlabathini futhi zicashe ngaphansi kwezinqwaba zamaqabunga. Bangakhasa emigodini engenalutho yamagundane amancane. Ukushisa kwe-Zero kubangela ukwehla kokuhamba kwama-newts, kuze kufike ekushabalaleni. Izilwane ziyalala.
Kwakunezimo lapho abantu abaningi babehlangana khona ezindlini ezingaphansi nangaphansi. Bathola amashumi namakhulu ama-newt, bebanda ndawonye ngale ndlela. Entwasahlobo babuyela echibini. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaba kusuka kuma-4 kuye kwayi-12 degrees.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-newtt abantu abadala ayakwazi ukuphila impilo yasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Baphefumula ngazo zombili iziguli namaphaphu. Uma ichibi selomile, khona-ke ama-newt isikhathi esithile angakwazi ukuhlala, acashe ezingqimbeni ezinamandla ze-algae enomswakama.
Kubi ngokwengeziwe emhlabeni. Kepha emanzini akhombisa ijubane elimangalisayo nokunyakaza kokunyakaza.
Mangaki ama-newt ahlala khona
Ungowabantu abaphila isikhathi eside emhlabeni wezilwane... Isilinganiso seminyaka abahlala kuyo ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-10-14. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-28-30. Ngalokhu, ama-aquarists enza izimo ezikhethekile zempilo echumayo yalezi zasemanzini.
Isibonelo, idamu lokufakelwa lakhiwa ngokujula okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-10. I-aquaterrarium yamalitha angama-30-40 ilungile. Imvamisa isikhala sihlukaniswe izingxenye zomhlaba nezamanzi. Ukutholakala komhlaba kwenziwa ngamatshe noma ngamatshe amatshe. Izindawo zokuhlala kufanele zenziwe ngaphakathi. Amaphethelo echibi akunakwenziwa acijile, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane sizolimala kalula. Indawo yokuhlala igcwele izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-newt izizwa ikhululekile futhi iphephile. Isihlungi samanzi siyadingeka.
I-terrarium ibekwe kahle kude nemithombo yokukhanya eqondile. Ama-newt awakubekezeleli ukushisa nokukhanyisa okuvulekile, aqale ukugula futhi angafa nokufa. Umkhawulo wokushisa ongaphezulu akufanele ube ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-25. Ngokulinganayo u-15-17 degrees Celsius. Qinisekisa ukumboza i-terrarium ngesembozo, njengoba isilwane sibaleka kaningi. Uma usesimweni sefulethi, kunzima kakhulu ukusithola. Ekuthunjweni, ukugcina abesilisa ababili kuzoholela ekulweni okungapheli. Kungcono ukugcina ubungqingili.
Ama-subspecies ajwayelekile e-newt
Phakathi kwama-subspecies we-newt ejwayelekile ahlukile:
- Inewt ejwayelekile. Ukuqokwa, ama-subspecies asakazeke kakhulu. Kuvela e-Ireland kuye eWestern Siberia. Ezingxenyeni zesici, inomphetho wamazinyo aphezulu ngemuva.
- Amagilebhisi noma i-newt ampelous. Uhlala eRomania. Kwezici zesici umqolo omfushane omhlane, u-2-4 mm kuphela.
- I-Aretic newt. Isakazwe eGrisi, eMakedoniya.
- I-Triton kaCosswig. Ihlala kakhulu eTurkey.
- UTriton Lanza. Indawo: eningizimu yeRussia, eGeorgia, e-Azerbaijan, enyakatho ye-Armenia. Izindawo ezizithandayo yizihlathi ze-coniferous futhi ezixubekile. Ubude bomzimba u-6-8 mm.
- I-newt yaseningizimu. Kutholakala enyakatho ye-Italy, eningizimu yeSwitzerland.
- I-Triton kaSchmidtler. Kusatshalaliswe esifundeni esentshonalanga yeTurkey.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-newt ejwayelekile ihlala lapho kunezimila ezicebile. Kusatshalaliswe cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia, eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Zitholakala kumamitha ayi-1500 ngaphezu kwelwandle.
Zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini axubekile futhi ahlabayo, acebile ezihlahleni. Gwema izindawo ezivulekile ezomile. Kodwa-ke, uma endaweni eyomile kukhona indawo emile, ehlala unomphela, khona-ke izintuthwane zihlala kuyo ngokuthula.
Ukudla kwentsha ejwayelekile
Isisekelo sokudla echibini sakhiwe ngama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla... Ayinqabi i-caviar, kanye nofeleba. Emhlabathini - ama-slugs, izikelemu zomhlaba, izibungu. Zibonisa umsebenzi omkhulu wokudla emanzini. Futhi emhlabeni, ukudla kwe-newt ejwayelekile kungaba ama-centipedes, amagobolondo egobolondo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuthomba kuqala cishe eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Umsebenzi uqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kobusika, kusukela cishe ngoMashi. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bayashintsha. Bahlakulela ikamu elinomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlela okusawolintshi. Ummango ugcwele imithambo yegazi, enikeza umuntu i-oxygen eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bakhulisa ama-lobes phakathi kwezinzwani.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bangahlukaniswa ngokuma kwe-cloaca. Kwabesilisa likhulu futhi liyindilinga, kanti kwabesifazane liyakhonjwa. Abesilisa, abasemanzini, bafuna ngenkuthalo abesifazane. Ukuze benze lokhu, bebona umuntu ongaba umuntu othile, bayabhukuda futhi bahoge, bathinte isifonyo. Sebenqume ukuthi lona ngowesifazane, baqala ukudansa.
Umdanso wokukhwelana wenewt uyathakazelisa futhi awujwayelekile. Umbukiso uqala ngowesilisa ngokushwibeka kancane kancane emuva naphambili, ebhukuda aze afinyelele kowesifazane. Bese ema ngezinyawo zangaphambili. Emizuzwaneni embalwa kamuva, ngokugoba okuqinile komsila, iphusha umfula wamanzi uqonde ngqo kowesifazane. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa uzishaya ngomsila wakhe ngawo wonke amandla, ngenkathi ebuka ukusabela kothando. Ngokulandelayo, uma owesifazane ethanda izindlela ezenziwayo, uyashiya futhi amvumele ukuba amlandele.
Inqubo yokukhwelana uqobo nayo ayijwayelekile. Owesilisa ubeka ama-spermatophores akhe emigodini, bese owesifazane ewathatha nge-cloaca. Inamathela emaphethelweni e-cloaca spermatophores ayo, bese ewela ku-spermotheca - uhlobo lokucindezeleka ngendlela ephaketheni.
Ukusuka lapho, isidoda sigijimela emaqandeni aqhamukayo bese siwafaka umquba. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo yokuzalela iyaqala. Ihlala isikhathi eside impela, cishe inyanga yonke. Kunamaqanda afinyelela ku-700 kudoti, futhi ngalinye, elensikazi ngokucophelela nangokuzikhandla, lisonga futhi linamathisele iqabunga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane abancane bathanda abesilisa abancane. Ngokulandelayo, abesilisa abakhulu banamathuba amaningi okukhombisa intshisekelo kwabesifazane abakhulu.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, kuvela izibungu ezintsha. Umzimba wabo untekenteke, u-6mm kuphela, umbala okhanyayo onamabala akhanyayo nxazonke. Umhlane ungaba ophuzi noma obomvu ophuzi. Kodwa imibala ifiphele, iyaguquguquka. Into yokuqala ekhula ngokuphelele umsila. Ijubane lokuhamba ithikithi lokusinda. Kodwa umuzwa wokuhogela uvela kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9-10.
Kepha, ngemuva kwamahora angama-48, umlomo uyanqunywa, bese izingane zabasha ziqala ukubamba inyamazane zizenzele zona. Imvamisa badla izibungu zomiyane. Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula yi-gill, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu kuvela. Esigabeni sesibungu sezinsumpa, kuphuma izigaxa zophaphe lwangaphandle. Izitho zangemuva ziqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingama-21-22 zokuphila.
Izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, i-newt ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi iyathuthuka, bese izama ukuqonda umhlaba okokuqala ngqa... Ngesikhathi zifika emhlabathini, ubude bomzimba bungu-4-5 cm.Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kokuqala, lezi zasemanzini ziqala ukuphila impilo egcwele emhlabeni. Isikhumba senewt sikhipha ubuthi obungenabungozi ngokuphelele kubantu, kodwa obonakalisa izilwane ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo
Inewt ejwayelekile inezitha eziningi zemvelo. Abantu abaningi abanandaba nokuzama ukudla kwasemini. Ukuqala kozakwabo - ama-newts aqhekekile namachibi echibi, agcina ngezinhlanzi, izinyoka, izinyoka. Izinyoni nezinye izilwane nazo zidla izintethe ezingamampunge ezweni ngezikhathi ezithile. ERussia, i-pike, i-carp ne-perch bayazithanda kakhulu izinhlanzi ezivela ezinhlanzini. Ezinyonini, izitha yi-grey heron, mallard, teal. Izilwane ezincelisayo ziyisiqhingi samanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokwehla kwabantu, ibhalwe kuRed Book eRussia, e-Azerbaijan. Kubhekwa njengenhlobo engavamile e-UK naseSwitzerland. Kuvikelwe yi-Berne Convention. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwabantu kubhekwa njengokuvalwa okuphelele kwemizimba yamanzi - izindawo eziyinhloko zentsha.
ERussia, ivikelwe ngokusemthethweni yimithetho yenhlangano yaseRussia "Emhlabeni Wezilwane", "Ezingxenyeni Zemvelo Ezivikelwe Ngokukhethekile", kanye nangomyalo woMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo Nezinsizakusebenza zeRussian Federation No. 126 kaMeyi 4, 1994 No.
