I-Ural yisifunda lapho izintaba zitholakala khona, futhi lapha kudlula umngcele onemibandela phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Eningizimu yesifunda, uMfula i-Ural ugelezela oLwandle iCaspian. Kukhona indawo enhle kakhulu yemvelo, kepha ngenxa yomsebenzi we-anthropogenic, umhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane usengozini. Izinkinga zemvelo ze-Urals zavela ngenxa yomsebenzi walezi zimboni:
- amakhemikhali enkuni;
- uphethiloli;
- i-metallurgical;
- ubunjiniyela;
- amandla kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo sibhebhethekiswa wukuthi amabhizinisi amaningi asebenza ngemishini ephelelwe yisikhathi.
Ukungcola kwesibhakabhaka
Njengezifunda eziningi zezwe, isifunda sase-Urals sinomoya ongcolile kakhulu, obangelwa ukungcola okuyingozi. Cishe u-10% wokukhishwa komoya kukhiqizwa yiMagnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant. Isitshalo samandla esishisayo iReftinskaya naso singcolisa umoya. Amabhizinisi embonini kawoyela enza umnikelo wawo, akhipha cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu wezinto ezingena emkhathini minyaka yonke.
Ukungcola kwe-hydrosphere ne-lithosphere
Enye yezinkinga ze-Urals ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nenhlabathi. Amabhizinisi ezimboni nawo afaka isandla kulokhu. Izinsimbi ezisindayo nemikhiqizo kawoyela kadoti ingena emanzini nasemhlabathini. Isimo samanzi esifundeni asigculisi, ngakho-ke yi-1/5 kuphela yamapayipi wamanzi ase-Ural enza ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwamanzi okuphuza. Kuphela ngama-20% emizimba yamanzi yesifunda efanele ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye inkinga esifundeni: abantu abahlinzekwa kahle ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhambisa indle.
Imboni yezimayini inegalelo ekuphazanyisweni kwezendlalelo zomhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zomhlaba sezonakele. Kubuye kubhekwe njengesimo esingesihle ukuthi izimbiwa zamadiphozithi zitholakala cishe ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, ngakho-ke insimu iba engenalutho, engakulungele ukuphila nokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-voids iyakhiwa futhi kunengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ezinye izinkinga zemvelo ze-Urals
Izinkinga zangempela zesifunda zimi kanje:
- ukungcola kwamakhemikhali okuvela ezikhalini zamakhemikhali ezigcinwe lapho;
- usongo lokungcola kwenuzi luvela enxanxatheleni esebenza ne-plutonium - "Mayak";
- imfucumfucu yezimboni, eqongelele cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20, ifaka ubuthi emvelweni.
Ngenxa yezinkinga zemvelo, amadolobha amaningi esifundeni aqala ukungathandeki ngokuphila. Lezi yiMagnitogorsk neKamensk-Uralsky, iKarabash neNizhny Tagil, iYekaterinburg neKurgan, i-Ufa neChelyabinsk, kanye nezinye izindawo ezihlala esifundeni sase-Ural.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo zama-Urals
Njalo ngonyaka isimo semvelo seplanethi yethu, ikakhulukazi ama-Urals, siba sibi kakhulu "phambi kwamehlo ethu". Ngenxa yezimayini eziqhubekayo, imisebenzi yabantu nezinye izinto ezifaka isandla, ungqimba lomoya womhlaba, i-hydrosphere kanye nenhlabathi engaphansi kusesimweni esiyinhlekelele. Kepha kunezindlela zokuyixazulula, futhi izinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye nokuqokwa komphakathi kuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.
Namuhla kunezinkinga eziningi kakhulu zemvelo e-Urals ukuthi zingaxazululwa ngokushesha nasesabelomali. Ngakho-ke, indawo engathandeki kufanele ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuxazulula izinkinga yilezi:
- ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza yasendlini neyezimboni - ukungcola okuyinhloko kwezemvelo kuseyipulasitiki, ikhambi eliphumelela kakhulu ukushintshela ephepheni kancane kancane;
- ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile - ukwenza ngcono isimo samanzi esibi, kwanele ukufaka izindawo zokwelashwa ezifanele;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ehlanzekile - ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nomoya. Okokuqala, lokhu kuzovumela ukuhlanzwa komkhathi, futhi okwesibili, ukulahla amandla enuzi, ngenxa yalokho, ezindleleni zokusebenza kwayo okusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamalahle nowoyela.
Akungabazeki ukuthi kubalulekile ukubuyisa izimila zalesi sifunda, ukwamukela imithetho eqinile nemithetho ephathelene nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukunciphisa (ukusabalalisa ngokufanele) ezokuthutha emifudlaneni futhi kuqinisekiswe "ngomjovo" wezezimali kule ndawo. Iningi lamabhizinisi ezimboni aliwalahli kahle udoti wokukhiqiza. Ngokuzayo, amafektri akhelwe inhloso acubungula ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza kuzosiza ukuguqula isimo semvelo sibe ngcono.
