Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo, umkhoma wesidoda ugqama ngenxa yomlomo wawo omkhulu onamazinyo, usayizi omangalisayo, isivinini nokukhuthazela. Lezi "zilo zasolwandle" yizo kuphela ezisindile emndenini wonke wemikhomo yesidoda. Kungani zizingelwa? Hlobo luphi losongo olubeka kubantu? Uhlala kanjani futhi udlani? Konke lokhu kuqhubeka esihlokweni!
Incazelo yomkhomo wesidoda
Olwandle, ungahlangana nezidalwa ezimangalisayo ezinobukhulu obukhulu... Omunye wabo umuthi womkhomo wesidoda. Umehluko wayo omkhulu kweminye imikhomo ngukudla kwawo. Akanantshisekelo nge-plankton noma ulwelwe, kepha uzingela "izinhlanzi ezinkulu" ngomqondo obucayi wegama. Ziyizilwane ezihlasela abantu ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Uma ungasongeli izimpilo zamathole futhi ungaphazamisi imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ngeke zihlasele umuntu ngokuzimela.
Ukubukeka
Imikhomo yesidoda ibukeka ingajwayelekile futhi isabeka kancane. Into yokuqala eheha iso lakho yikhanda elikhulu, okuthi, lapho uthi nhlá, likhulu kunomzimba. Lesi sibalo sivezwa kakhulu kuphrofayili, uma sibukwa ngaphambili, ikhanda aligqameki futhi umkhoma wesidoda ungadideka kalula nomkhomo. "Umzimba uba mkhulu, ubuchopho buba bukhulu," lo mthetho usebenza ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo, kepha hhayi kwimikhomo yesidoda.
Ukhakhayi luqukethe inani elikhulu lezicubu zesiponji namafutha, kanti ubuchopho uqobo buphindwe kaningana ngosayizi womuntu. I-Spermaceti ikhishwa entweni yesiponji - into enesisisekelo se-wax. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamakhemikhali, kwenziwa amakhandlela, okhilimu, isisekelo samafutha okugcoba, kanye neglue.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kungemva kokutholakala kwezikhuni zokwenziwa lapho isintu siyeke ukuqothula imikhomo yesidoda.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Njalo ngemizuzu engama-30, imikhomo yesidoda iyavela ekujuleni iphefumule umoya-mpilo. Uhlelo lwayo lokuphefumula lwehlukile kolweminye imikhomo, ngisho nomfudlana wamanzi okhishwa wumkhomo wesidoda uqondiswa ekhoneni, hhayi ngqo. Elinye ikhono elithakazelisayo lalo mkhomo ukudilika ngokushesha okukhulu. Yize ijubane layo liphansi (i-10 km / h), ingathatha indawo eme mpo ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yemisipha enamandla yomsila, engakhubaza ngayo izitha noma ukuvikela izimbangi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Umkhoma wesilisa owesilisa uthwala umbungu ngokwawo cishe izinyanga eziyi-16. Kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kukhawulwa kungenxa yosayizi wombungu. Usana lufinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ubude futhi lunesisindo esicishe sibe ngu-950 kilograms. Unyaka wokuqala ondla ubisi kuphela, lokhu kumvumela ukuthi akhule futhi akhule.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela, isilinganiso seminyaka yomuntu obulewe sasiyiminyaka eyi-12-15. Lokho wukuthi, izilwane ezincelisayo aziphilanga kwaze kwaba yingxenye yesithathu yempilo yazo.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, kuvela amazinyo futhi angazingela ezinye izinhlanzi. Abesifazane bazala kanye kuphela eminyakeni emithathu. Abesifazane baqala ukukhwelana beneminyaka eyisikhombisa, nabesilisa beneminyaka eyishumi. Isikhathi sokuphila semikhomo yesidoda iminyaka engama-50-60, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70. Owesifazane ugcina inzalo kuze kube yiminyaka engama-45.
Ubukhulu be-sperm whale
Abesilisa abadala bafinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude, futhi isisindo singafinyelela kumathani angama-70. Abesifazane bancanyana ngosayizi - isisindo sabo asidluli amathani angama-30, kanti ubude babo buyi-15 m.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-titans olwandle angatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amalwandle... Bazama ukuziqhelelanisa namanzi abandayo, kepha kuvame ukubonwa eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean, amanzi oLwandle iBering. Abesilisa bangabhukuda bangene oLwandle oluseNingizimu. Abesifazane bathanda amanzi afudumele, umkhawulo wabo ngokwendawo yiJapan, Australia, California.
Ukudla komkhomo wesidoda
Imikhomo yesidoda idla inyama futhi imvamisa idla ama-cephalopods nezinhlanzi ezincane. Bafuna isisulu ekujuleni kwe-1.2 km, ngenhlanzi enkulu ongangena kuyo ujule ngamakhilomitha ama-3-4.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngezikhathi zokuhlaselwa yindlala isikhathi eside, imikhomo yesidoda yonga isitolo esikhulu samafutha, esisetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla.
Bangaphinde badle ngokufa. Umgudu wawo wokugaya ukudla uyakwazi ukuncibilikisa ngisho amathambo, ngakho-ke awabulawa yindlala.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izinsikazi zemikhomo yesidoda ngokuvamile azidluli imingcele yamanzi afudumele, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokukhwelana nokuzalwa kwezingane kuzo asikhawulwanga kakhulu njengasezinhlungwini abesifazane babo abafuduka njalo emanzini abandayo azo zombili izingxenyana zomhlaba. Imikhomo yesidoda ingabeletha unyaka wonke, kepha amawundlu amaningi azalwa ekwindla. ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, lokhu kwenzeka ekwindla yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, eNyakatho ye-Atlantic, kuzalwa inzalo eningi phakathi kukaMeyi noNovemba. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokusebenza, abesifazane bahlangana endaweni ethule, lapho izimo zizothinta kahle ukuthuthukiswa kwenzalo.
Lezi zifunda ezisePacific Ocean zifaka phakathi amanzi aseMarshall Island naseBonin Island, ugu olusempumalanga yeJapan, kuze kufike ezingeni elincane amanzi eSouth Kuril Islands naseGalapagos Islands, e-Atlantic Ocean - i-Azores, iBermuda, ugu lwesifundazwe sase-Afrika seNatali neMadagascar. Imikhomo yesidoda ihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi acwebile ajulile, atholakala ohlangothini olubheke esiqhingini noma emadwaleni.
ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, "isikhathi sokukhwelana" senzeka phakathi kukaDisemba no-Ephreli. Izinsikazi zizalela kude nasekhaya ukuze ezinye izinhlanzi ezizingelayo zingalimazi inzalo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinethezekile - 17-18 degrees Celsius. Ephreli 1962
Eduze nesiqhingi saseTristan da Cunha, sisuka enophephela emhlane, abatakuli babuka ukuzalwa kwethole. Phakathi kwamaqembu amaningana wemikhomo yesidoda, eyayinabantu abangama-20-30. Imikhomo yashintshana ngokutshuza eduze komunye nomunye, ngakho amanzi abonakala enamafu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuvimbela usana ekuminzeni, ezinye izinsikazi ziyameseka, zitshuza ngaphansi kwakhe futhi zimphakamisele phezulu.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amanzi athatha umbala obomvu, kwavela ingane esanda kuzalwa ebusweni bolwandle, eyalandela unina ngokushesha. Babegadiwe ngeminye imikhomo engu-4 yesidoda, okungenzeka ukuthi nabesifazane. Ofakazi bokuzibonela baphawule ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi ibimile ime, incike emanzini cishe ingxenye yesine yobude bomzimba wayo. Enganeni esanda kuzalwa, ama-blade we-caudal fin asongwe abe yishubhu isikhathi esithile.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo namazinyo abukhali, i-sperm whale inezitha ezimbalwa. Usana olusanda kuzalwa noma olwesifazane ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, kepha ngeke alinge ukuhlasela owesilisa osekhulile. Oshaka nemikhomo akuzona izimbangi zabo. Emjahweni wemali elula nezindebe ezibalulekile, isintu siqhube imikhomo yesidoda eduze kakhulu nomugqa wokuqothulwa.
Kuze kube manje, ukuzingela nokubamba lezi zilwane akuvumelekile futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho.... Futhi lokhu akuzange kuthinte inhlalakahle yomkhakha wamakhemikhali nezimonyo, ngoba ososayensi sekuyisikhathi eside bafunda ukuthi bangazihlanganisa kanjani izinto ezinamalambu ezindaweni zokucwaninga.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukwehla kwesibalo semikhomo yesidoda kusuka kwizimbangela zemvelo akwaziwa, kepha ngenxa yomsebenzi wezimboni wesintu, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zalahlekelwa kakhulu. Ukuzingela ngezipunu zesandla emikhunjini yokuhamba ngomkhumbi kwaqala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18. Futhi yahlala cishe iminyaka eyi-100, ngemuva kwalokho kwaba nemikhomo embalwa kangangokuba kwanqunywa ukuthi kuyekwe ukuzingela nokudoba ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kubuyiswe inani labantu. Futhi kwasebenza.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Killer whale - umkhomo noma ihlengethwa
- Umkhomo ulinganisa kangakanani
Inani lomkhomo wesidoda seliqale ukubuyela kwesijwayelekile. Kepha ngokufika kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, kwakhiwa iqembu lemikhumbi elenza ama-whaling futhi imboni yathuthela ezingeni elisha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeminyaka yama-60s yekhulu lama-21, kwezinye izindawo zoLwandle Lomhlaba, kwaba nokwehla okukhulu enanini lalezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Lesi simo siphazamise ukulingana kwezilwane zasolwandle ngenxa yokushintsha kochungechunge lokudla.
Umkhomo wesidoda nomuntu
“Kokubili umuntu nezilwane zasolwandle yizilwane ezincelisayo. Futhi nokwenza lokho abantu abekade bekwenza iminyaka eyikhulu - futhi yini enye icala, elibhekiswe kubafowethu abancane. " © Umhlahlandlela kwalasha. 1993 unyaka.
Inani lokuhweba
Ukuzingela kwakuwumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo embonini. AmaBasque ayesevele enza lokhu eBay of Biscay ngekhulu le-11. ENyakatho Melika, ukuzingelwa kwemikhomo yesidoda kwaqala ngekhulu le-17. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekhishwe emizimbeni yemikhomo yesidoda bekungamafutha. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19, le nto kwakuyiyona kuphela isithako esanelisa zonke izidingo zomkhakha wezokwelapha. Yayisetshenziswa njengophethiloli wezinto zokukhanyisa, njengesithambisi, njengesixazululo sokuthambisa imikhiqizo yesikhumba, nakwezinye izinqubo eziningi. Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa amafutha ekwenzeni insipho nasekukhiqizeni imajarini. Ezinye izinhlobo zazisetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Wonke ama-cetaceans yizilwane ezincelisayo. Okhokho babo bake bahlala emhlabeni. Amaphiko azo asafana nezandla ezinewebhu. Kepha sekuyizinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, bephila emanzini, bazijwayeza impilo enjalo.
Amafutha atholakala ikakhulu kubantu ababanjwe e-Arctic nase-Antarctic entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi babekala kakhulu, okusho ukuthi amafutha amaningi angatholakala. Kusuka komkhomo owodwa wesidoda, kwakhishwa cishe amalitha ayi-8,000 wamafutha amaningi. Ngo-1946, kwasungulwa ikomidi elikhethekile lomhlaba wonke lokuvikela imikhomo yesidoda. Ubhekana nokwesekwa kwabantu nokulawulwa kwabantu. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, lokhu akusizanga ukusindisa lesi simo, inani lomkhomo wesidoda belisondela ku-zero ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha.
Ezweni lanamuhla, ukuzingela akunaso isidingo nencazelo enjalo njengakuqala. Futhi abantu abedlulele abafuna "ukudlala impi" bazokhokha inhlawulo noma bagqunywe ejele. Ngaphezu kwamafutha emikhomo yesidoda, inyama imnandi kakhulu, kanti nomanyolo wenziwa ngezicubu zethambo. I-Ambergris nayo ikhishwa emizimbeni yabo - into ebaluleke kakhulu ekhiqizwa emathunjini abo. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha. Izinyo lomkhomo wesidoda libaluleke kakhulu njengendlovu.
Ingozi kubantu
Umkhoma wesidoda ukuphela komkhomo ongagwinya umuntu ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlafuna.... Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lokufa lapho kuzingelwa imikhomo yesidoda, le mikhomo, ngokusobala, yayingavami ukugwinya abantu abangena emanzini. Icala elilodwa noma elingakaqinisekiswa (laze labhalwa yiBritish Admiralty) lenzeka ngo-1891 eduzane naseFalkland Islands.
Iqiniso!Umkhomo owaziwa ngokuthi yi-sperm whale ushayise isikebhe esivela esikhumulweni sezinyoni saseBrithani i- "Star of the East", kwabulawa elinye itilosi, kwathi omunye, u-harpooner uJames Bartley, wanyamalala kanti naye kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ufile.
Umkhoma wesidoda owacwila esikebheni wabulawa emahoreni ambalwa kamuva; ukuhlaba isidumbu sakhe kwaqhubeka ubusuku bonke. Kwathi ekuseni, abomkhomo, sebefinyelele emathunjini omkhomo, bathola uJames Bartley, owayengazi lutho, esiswini sakhe. UBartley wasinda, yize kungenjalo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yezempilo. Izinwele zakhe zawela ekhanda lakhe, futhi isikhumba sakhe salahlekelwa sombala wasala emhlophe njengephepha. UBartley kwadingeka ashiye imboni yezinhlanzi, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza imali enhle, ezibonisa emibonweni njengendoda eyayisesiswini somkhomo njengoJona waseBhayibhelini.
