Ingwe (lat. Animal ingomunye wabamele abane abafundwe kahle bohlobo lwe-Pantherа abavela emndenini wamakati amakhulu.
Incazelo yengwe
Zonke izingwe zinamakati amakhulu ngokwanele, kodwa-ke, mancane ngosayizi wazo kunamahlosi namabhubesi.... Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ingwe yesilisa evuthiwe ngokobulili ihlale icishe ibe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunensikazi esikhulile.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Izingwe zinomzimba ovulekile, onemisipha, onomzimba othambile, olula futhi ozacile, oguquguqukayo kakhulu. Umsila ungaphezu kwengxenye yobude bomzimba. Izidladla zeNgwe zifushane, kodwa zithuthuke kahle futhi ziqinile, zinamandla amakhulu. Izipikili zilula, zimnyama, zicindezelwe kamuva futhi zigobile ngokuqinile. Inhloko yesilwane incane kakhulu, iyisiyingi esiyindilinga Isifunda esingaphambili siyi-convex, kanti ingxenye engaphambili yekhanda ihlangene ngokulinganisela. Izindlebe zincane ngosayizi, ziyindilinga, zinesethi ebanzi. Amehlo mancane ngosayizi, nomfundi oyindilinga. IVibrissae ibukeka njengezinwele ezinwebekayo zombala omnyama, omhlophe nomnyama nomhlophe, ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-11 cm ubude.
Ubukhulu besilwane nesisindo saso kuyahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike ngqo kuzici zendawo esendaweni yokuhlala. Izingwe ezinamahlathi zivame ukuba zincane futhi zibe nesisindo esincane kunezingwe ezisezindaweni ezivulekile. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngaphandle komsila singu-0.9-1.9 m, kanti ubude bomsila buphakathi kwamamitha ayi-0.6-1.1.Isisindo sowesifazane omdala singama-32-65 kg, kuthi owesilisa abe ngu-60-75 kg. Ukuphakama kowesilisa ekubuneni kungu-50-78 cm, kanti kowesifazane - amasentimitha angama-45-48. Azikho izimpawu zokuthambekela kocansi kanjalo, ngakho-ke, umehluko wocansi ungakhonjiswa kuphela ngosayizi womuntu kanye nobulula esakhiweni sogebhezi.
Uboya besilwane obusondelana kahle futhi obufushane ngokulingana bunobude obufanayo emzimbeni wonke, futhi abutholi ubukhazikhazi ngisho nasemakhazeni asebusika. Ibhantshi liyakhasa, likhulu futhi lifushane. Ukubukeka koboya basehlobo nobusika buhluke kancane kuma-subspecies ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, umbala ongemuva woboya basebusika awumncane futhi buthuntu uma uqhathaniswa nombala wasehlobo. Ithoni ejwayelekile yombala woboya kuma-subspecies ahlukahlukene ingahluka kusuka kotshani obuphaphathekile kanye nampunga kuya kumathoni ansundu agqwalile. Ama-subspecies ase-Central Asia iningi lawo linesihlabathi-mpunga ngombala, kanti ama-subspecies aseMpumalanga Ekude anombala ophuzi ngokubomvu. Izingwe ezincane kunazo zonke zikhanya ngebala.
Umbala woboya, ohluka ngokuya ngezici zokuma kwezwe nezomuntu ngamunye, nawo uyashintsha kuye ngesizini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye engaphambili yobuso bengwe ayinabala, futhi kunamamaki amancane azungeze i-vibrissae. Ezihlathini, ebunzini, phakathi kwamehlo nezindlebe, ngasengxenyeni engenhla nasezinhlangothini zentamo, kunamabala amnyama aqinile, amancane.
Kunombala omnyama ngemuva kwezindlebe. Amabala we-Annular atholakala ngemuva nasezinhlangothini zesilwane, nangaphezulu kwamahlombe nasemathangeni. Imilenze nesisu sengwe kumbozwe ngamabala aqinile, kanti izingxenye ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zomsila zihlotshiswe ngendandatho enkulu noma ngamabala aqinile. Isimo nezinga lokubona liyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi lihlukile kwisilwane ngasinye esincelisayo.
Izingwe ze-Melanistic ezitholakala e-Southeast Asia zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-black panther". Isikhumba sesilwane esinjalo asimnyama ngokuphelele, kepha uboya obumnyama obunjalo busebenza njengesifihla esihle kakhulu sesilwane emahlathini aminyene ehlathi. Uhlobo lofuzo oluphindaphindiwe olubhekele i-melanism luvame ukutholakala ezingwe zasentabeni nasehlathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu abanombala omnyama bangazalwa kuhlobo olufanayo olunamawundlu anemibala ejwayelekile, kepha ngama-panther, njengombuso, ahlukaniswa nolaka oluthe xaxa nezici zokuziphatha.
Ensimini yeNhlonhlo yaseMalay, ukutholakala kombala omnyama kuyisici cishe cishe kwengxenye yazo zonke izingwe. I-melanism engaphelele noma mbumbulu nayo ayijwayelekile ezingwe, futhi amabala amnyama akhona kuleli cala abanzi kakhulu, acishe ahlangane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izingwe yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinemfihlo futhi ezizodwa.... Izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukuhlala hhayi kuphela ezindaweni eziqhelile, kodwa futhi hhayi kude nokuhlala kwabantu. Abesilisa bengwe bodwa ingxenye ebalulekile yezimpilo zabo, kanti abesifazane bahambisana namazinyane abo ingxenye yempilo yabo. Ubukhulu bensimu ngayinye bungahluka kakhulu. Insikazi ivame ukuhlala endaweni eyi-10-290 km2, futhi insimu yabesilisa ingaba ngamakhilomitha angama-18-11402... Kaningi, izindawo eziseduze zabantu abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane.
Ukukhombisa ubukhona baso endaweni, lesi silwane esincelisayo sisebenzisa amamaki ahlukahlukene ngesimo sokuhlubula amagxolo ezihlahleni futhi "siklwebhe" ebusweni bomhlaba noma kuqweqwe lweqhwa. Ngomchamo noma indle, izingwe zibeka izindawo zokuphumula noma izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile unomphela. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zihlala ikakhulukazi, kanti ezinye, ikakhulukazi ezingamadoda ezincane kunazo zonke, zivame ukuzulazula. Izingwe zishintshela emizileni ejwayelekile. Ezintabeni, izilwane ezidla ezinye zihamba emaphethelweni nasembhedeni womfula, futhi izithiyo zamanzi zinqotshwa uhlaza oluwile.
Okubalulekile! Ukukwazi kwengwe ukugibela ezihlahleni akusizi nje kuphela isilwane ukuthi sithole ukudla, kodwa futhi kuyivumela ukuthi iphumule emagatsheni ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kanye nokuzifihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezinkudlwana.
Umgodi wengwe uvame ukutholakala emithambekeni, enikeza lesi silwane esidla inyama indawo enhle kakhulu yendawo ezungezile.... Ukuze bakhosele, izilwane ezincelisayo zisebenzisa imigede, kanye nezimbobo zemigodi ezihlahleni, izingqimba zamatshe kanye nezindawo ezinomoya, kunalokho kunemihlambi emikhulu yamadwala. Isinyathelo esizolile esinesinyathelo esilula nesinomusa singashintshwa ukugxuma kwesilwane esidliwayo, futhi isivinini esikhulu lapho sigijima singama-60 km / h. Izingwe ziyakwazi ukwenza ukweqa okukhulu kakhulu kufinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa ubude kuze kube ngamamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lezi zidlakela zikwazi ukubhukuda, futhi, uma kunesidingo, zinqoba kalula izithiyo ezinzima zamanzi.
Ingwe ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi esiphilwa ngaso sengwe endle sifinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi, futhi ekuthunjweni ummeleli wezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wakwaFeline angaphila noma amashumi ambalwa eminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala
Njengamanje, kubhekwe njengokuhlukanisiwe impela cishe ngezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezingwe, ezahlukile ngokobubanzi bazo nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Izingwe zase-Afrika (i-Panthera parardus rardus) zihlala e-Afrika, lapho zihlala khona hhayi kuphela emahlathini omanzi ezifunda ezimaphakathi, kepha nasezintabeni, ezingwadule kanye nasemathafeni asuka eCape of Good Hope kuya eMorocco. Izilwane ezihlasela izilwane zigwema izindawo ezomile nezingwadule ezinkulu, ngakho-ke azitholakali eSahara.
I-subspecies ingwe yaseNdiya (i-Panthera parardus fusca) ihlala eNepal naseBhutan, eBangladesh nasePakistan, eningizimu yeChina nasenyakatho yeNdiya. Itholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezinqumayo, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ze-coniferous ehlathini. Izingwe zaseCeylon (i-Panthera pardus kotiya) zihlala kuphela esiqhingini saseSri Lanka, kanti ama-subspecies aseNyakatho namaShayina (i-Panthera pardus jaronensis) ahlala enyakatho neChina.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kweMpumalanga Ekude noma ingwe ye-Amur (Pantherа pardus orientalis) imelwe yinsimu yaseRussia, iChina nePeninsula yaseKorea, kanti abantu bengwe esengozini yaseCentral Asia (Pantherа pardus ciscaucasica) batholakala e-Iran nase-Afghanistan, eTurkmenistan nase-Azerbaijan, e-Abkhazia nase-Armenia, eGeorgia naseTurkey, ePakistan. , kanye naseNyakatho Caucasus. Ingwe yaseNingizimu Arabia (Pantherа pardus nimr) ihlala enhlonhlweni yase-Arabia.
Ukudla kwengwe
Bonke abamele uhlobo lwe-Panther ne-Leopard yizilwane ezivamile, kanti ukudla kwabo kufaka ikakhulukazi ama-ungulates ngesimo sezinyamazane, izinyamazane nezinyamazane. Ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ziyakwazi ukushintshela kumagundane, izinyoni, izinkawu kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Eminyakeni ethile sekuke kwabikwa ukuhlaselwa kwengwe emfuyweni nasezinjeni.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngabantu, izingwe kuyaqabukela zihlasela abantu. Izimo ezinjalo zivame ukurekhodwa lapho umhlaseli olimele ebhekana nomzingeli ongahlosile.
Izimpisi nezimpungushe zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinkulu, futhi uma kunesidingo, izingwe azizideleli izidumbu futhi zingantshontsha ezinye izilwane ezidlayo. Njengezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zamakati, izingwe zikhetha ukuzingela zodwa, zilindele inyamazane yazo ngokuyiqamekela noma ngokunyonyoba ngayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Endaweni yezindawo zokuhlala eziseningizimu, noma yimaphi ama-subspecies engwe ayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke.... EMpumalanga Ekude, abesifazane baqala i-estrus eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yasekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika.
Kanye namanye amakati, isikhathi sokuzala kwezingwe sihambisana nokuduma okukhulu kwamadoda nokulwa okuningi kwabantu abavuthiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izingwe ezisencane zikhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha okukhulu kunamazinyane, ngakho-ke zifinyelela usayizi ogcwele kanye nokuvuthwa ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kepha abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ngaphambi nje kwezingwe zesilisa.
Inqubo yokukhulelwa kwezinyanga ezintathu yowesifazane iphela ngokuzalwa ngokuvamile kwewundlu elilodwa noma amabili. Ezimweni ezehlukile, kuzalwa izingane ezintathu. Izinsana ziyizimpumputhe futhi azikwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Njengomhume, izingwe zisebenzisa imifantu nemigede, kanye nemigodi yobukhulu obenele, ehlelwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwempande olusontekile lwezihlahla.
Izitha zemvelo
Izimpisi, ezithanda ukuhlangana futhi ezinkulu, zibeka engcupheni enkulu izingwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezinganele. Kunemibhikisho enamabhere, amabhubesi namahlosi, kanye nezimpisi. Isitha esikhulu sezingwe ngumuntu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo ezincane zezingwe liyancipha, futhi usongo olukhulu lokuqothulwa kwesidalwa ukushintsha kwendawo yemvelo kanye nokwehla okukhulu kokutholakala kokudla. Ama-subspecies engwe yaseJavan (Panthera rardus melas), ahlala esiqhingini saseJava (Indonesia), njengamanje abhekene nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo ezisengcupheni yokushabalala namuhla zifaka phakathi ingwe yaseCeylon (Panthera rardus kotiya), ama-subspecies East Siberian noma ingwe yaseManchurian (Panthera rardus orientalis), ingwe yase-Near East (i-Panthera rardus cisauvidus naravansa) kanye neNingizimu Pacific
