Isilo esixakile sihlala e-Australia - sibukeka njengenungu, sidla njengesihlava, sibekela amaqanda njengenyoni, futhi sizala izingane esikhwameni sesikhumba njengekhangaru. Injalo i-echidna, egama layo livela ku-Greek ancientιἔχνα "inyoka".
Incazelo ye-echidna
Kunezigaba ezintathu emndenini we-echidnova, enye yazo (iMegalibgwilia) ithathwa njengengasekho... Kukhona nohlobo lweZaglossus, lapho kutholakala khona ama-prochidnas, kanye nohlobo lweTachyglossus (Echidnas), oluqukethe uhlobo olulodwa - i-echidna yase-Australia (iTachyglossus aculeatus). Lesi sakamuva satholwa ngudokotela wezilwane waseGreat Britain, uGeorge Shaw, owachaza lesi silwane esincelisayo esine-oviparous ngo-1792.
Ukubukeka
I-echidna inamapharamitha anesizotha - enesisindo esingu-2,5-5 kg, ikhula ize ibe cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwayi-45. Ama-subspecies aseTasmanian kuphela amakhulu, abameli bawo bakhula uhhafu wemitha. Ikhanda elincane lihlangana kahle esifubeni, eligcwele izinaliti eziqinile ezi-5-6 cm eziqukethe i-keratin. Izinaliti ziphuzi eziyize futhi zinemibala (zivame ukugcwaliswa ngabamnyama ezincomeni). Imisipha ihlangene noboya obumnyama obumnyama noma obumnyama.
Izilwane zinamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha zinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa: izindlebe ziphakamisa ukudlidliza kwemvamisa ephansi emhlabathini, okukhishwa izintuthwane nomuhlwa. I-echidna ihlakaniphe ukwedlula isihlobo sayo esiseduze i-platypus, njengoba ubuchopho bayo buthuthuke kakhulu futhi bugcwele ukuhlangana okuningi. I-echidna inesifonyo esihlekisa kakhulu ngoqhwaku lwedada (7.5 cm), amehlo amnyama ayindilinga nezindlebe ezingabonakali ngaphansi koboya. Ubude obugcwele bolimi bungamasentimitha angama-25, futhi lapho kuthathwa inyamazane, iphuma nge-18 cm.
Okubalulekile! Umsila omfushane ubunjwe njengonqenqema. Ngaphansi komsila kukhona i-cloaca - imbobo eyodwa okuphuma ngayo uketshezi lwesitho sangasese, umchamo kanye nendle yesilwane.
Izitho ezifinyeziwe zigcina ngozipho ezinamandla ezilungiselelwe ukugqobhoza izindunduma zomuhlwa nokumba inhlabathi. Uzipho emilenzeni yangemuva luvulekile ngandlela thile: ngosizo lwazo, isilwane sihlanza uboya, sibukhulula kuma-parasites. Imilenze yangemuva yabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi ifakwe i-spur - engabonakali njengakwi-platypus, futhi ayinabuthi ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
U-Echidna akathandi ukubukisa ngempilo yakhe, ukuyifihla kubantu angabazi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izilwane azixhumani futhi azinasizinda ngokuphelele: zihlala zodwa, futhi lapho zingqubuzana ngengozi, zimane zihlakazeke ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izilwane azihlanganyeli ekumbeni izimbobo nasekuhleleni izidleke zomuntu siqu, kepha ebusuku / ekuphumuleni bahlela lapho benakho:
- ezibekweni zamatshe;
- ngaphansi kwezimpande;
- emahlathini aminyene;
- emigodini yezihlahla ezigawulwayo;
- imifantu enamadwala;
- imigodi eshiywe onogwaja nezimbumbu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ekushiseni kwehlobo, i-echidna icasha ezindlini zokukhosela, ngoba umzimba wayo awuhambisani kahle nokushisa ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindlala zomjuluko nokushisa komzimba okuphansi ngokweqile (ngama-32 ° C kuphela). Umdlandla we-echidna usondela kusihlwa, lapho kuzwakala ukuphola okuzungezile.
Kodwa isilwane siba sengozini hhayi kuphela ekushiseni, kepha futhi ngokufika kwezinsuku ezibandayo. Iqhwa elikhanyayo neqhwa kukwenza uhlale ubusika bonke izinyanga ezine. Ngokushoda kokudla, i-echidna ingabulawa yindlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, ichithe inqolobane yayo yamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba.
Izinhlobo ze-echidnova
Uma sikhuluma nge-echidna yase-Australia, umuntu kufanele aqambe ama-subspecies ayo amahlanu, ahlukile endaweni yokuhlala:
- I-Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus - iTasmania neziqhingi eziningana zeBass Strait;
- I-Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus - isiQhingi seKangaroo;
- I-Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus - iNew South Wales, iQueensland neVictoria;
- I-Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion - eNtshonalanga Australia naseNorthern Territory
- I-Tachyglossus aculeatus lawesii - iNew Guinea nengxenye yamahlathi asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeQueensland.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-echidna yase-Australia ihlobisa uchungechunge lwezitembu zokuposa zase-Australia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane sivezwa kuhlamvu lwemali lwesi-5 senti yase-Australia.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi silwane esincelisayo esine-oviparous asiphili eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-13-17, okuthathwa njengenkomba ephakeme impela. Noma kunjalo, ekuthunjweni, impilo ye-echidna icishe yaphindeka kathathu - kwakukhona izibonelo lapho izilwane emaphoyiseni zihlala khona kuze kube yiminyaka engama-45.
Indawo yokuhlala
Namuhla, uhla lomndeni wakwa-Echidnova luhlanganisa lonke izwekazi lase-Australia, iziqhingi eziseBass Strait naseNew Guinea. Noma iyiphi indawo lapho kunesisekelo semifula eningi ilungele ukuhlala echidna, kungaba ihlathi elishisayo noma isihlahla (akuvamile ukuba yihlane).
I-echidna izizwa ivikelekile ngaphansi kwesembozo sezitshalo namaqabunga, ngakho-ke ithanda izindawo ezinotshani obukhulu. Lesi silwane sitholakala emhlabeni wezolimo, ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni ngisho nasezintabeni lapho kwesinye isikhathi singena khona iqhwa.
Ukudla kuka-Echidna
Uma sifuna ukudla, lesi silwane asidinwa ukukhuphula izintuthwane neziduli zomuhlwa, sikhumule amagxolo eziqwini eziwile, sihlole iphansi lehlathi futhi siguqule amatshe. Imenyu ejwayelekile ye-echidna ifaka:
- izintuthwane;
- umuhlwa;
- izinambuzane;
- ama-molluscs amancane;
- izibungu.
Imbobo encane enqenqemeni yomlomo ivula nje u-5 mm, kodwa uqhwaku uqobo lunomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - luthatha izimpawu ezibuthakathaka emkhakheni kagesi ovela ezinambuzaneni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Zimbili kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo, i-platypus ne-echidna, ezinomshini onjenge-electrolocation ofakwe i-mechano- ne-electroreceptors.
Ulimi lwe-echidna nalo luyaphawuleka, lunesivinini sokunyakaza okungafika kokukhulu ngomzuzu futhi lumbozwe ngento enamathele izintuthwane nomuhlwa ezinamathela kuyo.... Ukuze ukhishwe ngokucijile ngaphandle, imisipha eyindilinga inesibopho (ngokuvumelanisa, iguqula ukuma kolimi futhi iluqondise phambili) kanye nemisipha emibili etholakala ngaphansi kwempande yolimi nomhlathi ongezansi. Ukuhamba kwegazi ngokushesha kwenza ulimi luqine. Ukuhlehla kunikezwa imisipha emibili ye-longitudinal.
Indima yamazinyo angekho yenziwa nge-keratin denticles, ehlikihla inyamazane kulwanga lwenkomo. Inqubo iyaqhubeka esiswini, lapho ukudla kukhuzwa khona ngesihlabathi namatshe amatshe, okugwinywa i-echidna ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izitha zemvelo
U-Echidna ubhukuda kahle, kepha akagijimi ngokukhulu ukushesha, futhi usindiswa engozini ngokuvikela izithulu. Uma umhlabathi uthambile, isilwane sizimbela ngaphakathi, sigobe sibe yibhola bese sikhomba isitha ngameva afafazwe.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukukhipha i-echidna emgodini - ukumelana nayo, isakaza izinaliti futhi ihlale ezinqeni zayo. Ukumelana kuyancipha kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile nasendaweni eqinile: izidalwa ezinolwazi zizama ukuvula ibhola, ziqonde esiswini esivulekile kancane.
Uhlu lwezitha zemvelo ze-echidna lubandakanya:
- izinja zedingo;
- izimpungushe;
- qapha izibankwa;
- Osathane baseTasmanian;
- amakati nezinja zasendle.
Abantu abayizingeli i-echidna, ngoba inenyama enganambitheki noboya, okuyinto engenamsebenzi ngokuphelele kuma-furriers.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana (kuya ngendawo) senzeka entwasahlobo, ehlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphunga le-tart musky livela ezilwaneni, lapho abesilisa bethola khona abesifazane. Ilungelo lokukhetha lihlala nowesifazane. Kungakapheli amasonto ama-4, uba yisikhungo sabantu besilisa, esakhiwa ngabakhongi abayi-7-10, bemlandela ngokungaphezi, bephumula futhi bedla ndawonye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Insikazi, elungele ukuya ocansini, ilele phansi, kuthi abafakizicelo bayizungeze bese bemba inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umsele oyindilinga (ukujula okungu-18-25 cm) uzungeza umakoti.
Abesilisa bayaqhudelana njengabadlali be-wrestling ku-tatami, bezama ukukhipha izimbangi emseleni wobumba... Impi iphela lapho ukuphela komnqobi ehlala ngaphakathi. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka eceleni futhi kuthatha cishe ihora.
Ukunikela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-21-28. Umama okhulelwe wakha umgodi, imvamisa uwumba ngaphansi kwesiqubu esidala sezintuthwane noma umuhlwa noma ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamahlamvu engadi eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu.
I-echidna ibeka iqanda elilodwa (ububanzi obungu-13-17 mm no-1.5 g ngesisindo). Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, isigaxa (i-cub) esinokuphakama okungu-15 mm nesisindo esingu-0.4-0.5 g sichanyuselwa lapho.Imehlo yengane esanda kuzalwa imbozwe ngesikhumba, izitho zangemuva cishe azithuthukisiwe, kepha ezingaphambili zihlonyiswe ngeminwe.
Yiminwe esiza isikhwama ukuthi sisuke ngemuva kwesikhwama sikamama siye ngaphambili, lapho efuna khona insimu yobisi. Ubisi luka-Echidna lunombala opinki ngenxa yokuxinana okukhulu kwensimbi.
Izinsana zikhula ngokushesha, zandisa isisindo sazo sifike ku-0.4 kg ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, okungukuthi, izikhathi ezingama-800-1000. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50-55, zimbozwe ngameva, ziqala ukukhasa esikhwameni, kepha umama akayishiyi ingane yakhe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ize ibe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyane lihlala endaweni yokukhosela futhi lidle ukudla okulethwe ngumama. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-200, futhi sekunezinyanga ezi-6 kuya kwezi-8 i-echidna esekhulile ishiya umgodi impilo ezimele. Ukuzala kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-2-3 yobudala. I-Echidna izala njalo - kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, futhi ngokweminye imibiko - kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwengu-7.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani le-echidna cishe alithinteki ngokwakhiwa komhlaba nokususwa kwazo kwezitshalo zezolimo. Imigwaqo emikhulu nokuqhekeka kwendawo okubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ejwayelekile kuyingozi enkulu ezinhlotsheni. Izilwane ezethulwe ngisho nesibungu iSpirometra erinaceieuropaei, naso esithunyelwe sisuka eYurophu futhi sibeka usongo olubulalayo ezinhlotsheni, sinciphisa inani labantu.
Bazama ukufuya izilwane ekuthunjweni, kepha kuze kube manje le mizamo iphumelele kuma-zoo amahlanu kuphela, futhi noma kunjalo akukho nelilodwa iwundlu elisindile laya ebusheni. Njengamanje, i-echidna yase-Australia ayithathwa njengengozini - ingatholwa kaningi emahlathini ase-Australia naseTasmania.
