UShemaya (Сhalсalburnus Сhalsoids) uyinhlanzi ekhishwe nge-ray yomndeni we-carp nohlobo lwe-Ukleyki. Izinhlanzi ezifunda isikole ziyinhlobo engandile futhi inabantu abancipha ngokuqhubekayo.
Incazelo yenhlanzi iShemaya
Njengamanje, kunamagama amaningana enhlanzi shemaya - "fish shamaya", noma "shamayka", eyavela ePersia lasendulo. Igama lesiPheresiya "shah-mai" lahunyushwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi yasebukhosini".
Ukubukeka
Ngokwakheka komzimba wayo, inhlanzi ye-shamayka ehlawuliswe ngemisebe iyanwetshwa, imbozwe ngezikali ezincane ezinesiliva. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uyisicaba futhi uphansi, ucindezelwe ngokubonakalayo kusuka engxenyeni eseceleni. Ikhanda libhekene nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingemuva icwebezela, iluhlaza okotshani, izinhlangothi zinemibala ekhanyayo, lapho kukhona khona ukukhanya. Ubude besikhathi somzimba womuntu omdala bungamasentimitha angama-34-35. Isici se-dorsal fin yisikhundla sayo sokubuyela emuva.
Amaphiko angaphambili oshaka ahlukaniswe ngothinti wewolintshi okhangayo. I-dorsal fin ibonakala ngokushintshela emuva okuncane, kanti i-fin yangemuva itholakala esifundeni sesisu, ngqo ngemuva kwe-dorsal fin. Impela yonke amaphiko ezinhlanzi ezidlayo anombala ompunga. Kukho konke ukubukeka kwayo, inhlanzi yeshamaya esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ifana ne-vimba, futhi umehluko omkhulu isimo somzimba esihlangane kancane.
Umhlathi ongezansi wenhlanzi mkhulu kakhulu kunomhlathi ongaphezulu. Amehlo a-silvery, anachashazi elincane elimnyama phezulu. Isisindo esiphezulu somuntu omdala singaba ngu-580-650 g.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Izici zokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila yabantu balezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe azifundiswanga ngokuningiliziwe okwamanje. Ukubheka kukhombisa ukuthi ama-shamiki afaka izinhlanzi ezikoleni futhi ancamela ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile futhi acebile oksijini. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi abamele izidlo zomndeni weCarp nohlobo lwe-Ukleiki, ngokuqala kobusuku, bakhuphukela phezulu kolwandle lwamanzi olwandle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-shamayka edlayo ehlala olwandle cishe ihlala ikwazi ukungena emanzini omfula kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Futhi ngesikhathi sasemini, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziyacwila ziye ezansi echibini lemvelo elakhiwe. Izikole zomzingeli zidlula ngokwanele ukusuka ogwini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukusondela kude kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zaseBavaria zigcina kumadamu anamanzi amsulwa kanye nangaphansi okunamadwala.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi esiphezulu sempilo yeshamika asikasungulwa njengamanje, ngenxa yokushoda kwemininingwane ephelele ngezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, u-Aral Shemaya uyakwazi ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, futhi ubude obumaphakathi bomuntu omdala onjalo cishe buba ngu-30-32 cm.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Inhlanzi yaseShamayka, ehlukaniswa nokuziphatha kwempilo ye-pelargic, inendawo esabalalisiwe elinganiselwe... Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-shemai ziyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile nasolwandle. Esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama, indawo yokusabalalisa ibanzi ngokwanele.
Isibonelo, izikole zezinhlanzi zikhuphuka ngasemfuleni iDon bese zingena emithanjeni esenhla nomfula. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo zokubonakala kweshamika esifundeni saseVoronezh ngisho nangaphezulu. OLwandle lweCaspian, ummeleli wezinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe ukhetha ukuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi kuyaqabukela angene emithanjeni yasenyakatho yesikole.
Kuyathakazelisa! Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlanzi cishe azitholakali ku-Dnieper. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ummeleli womndeni we-carp nohlobo lwe-Ukleiki waziwa kuphela emanzini eDanube, futhi ungowesigaba sezinhlanzi ezingavamile kakhulu.
EMfuleni iVolga, ezinye zezindawo zemvelo zokuzalela sezingafinyeleleki ezinhlanzini ngenxa yezakhiwo ezakhiwe zamanzi ezibusayo. Noma kunjalo, kwamanye amadamu ezwe lethu, izinhlobo ze-shamik fish ezihlala phansi ziyaqashelwa.
Izinhlanzi ezingezona ezokwenziwa zahlalwa kwamanye amadamu eKalmykia naseStavropol. Izinhlobonhlobo zeShemai zihlala ngamanani amancane emachibini aseBavaria. Muva nje, ishemaya nayo itholakale eTurkestan Territory, lapho ihlala e-Ak-Darya Duman-Kul.
Ukudla nokudla okunomsoco
UShamaika ungowezinhlobo ezidla omnivorous zezilwane zasemanzini, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinhlanzi simelelwa yiplankton, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane nezibungu zazo, kanye nama-crustaceans. Kwezinye izimo, i-shamika nayo iyakwazi ukuzingela gazinga.
Ukuzalela izinhlanzi shemaya
IShemaya, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezinama-semi-anadromous, izala emanzini amasha... Imihlambi kaShemai iqala ukuthuthela emfuleni oveza amanzi ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokugcina zikaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Inqubo yokuguquka ihlala kuze kube nguJanuwari-Mashi. Ngentwasahlobo yamuva, uShemika ungena ngaphezulu kancane emfuleni, lapho kuzala khona ukuqala. Ukuze kuzalwe ngempumelelo, i-shemai idinga izinga lokushisa lamanzi ezingeni lika-18 ° C.
Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zizala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJulayi. Imingcele yokuqina kwemihlambi ehlukene kaShemika emanzini ehlukene emifula iyashintshashintsha, futhi ingaba ngamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2.6-23.5. I-Shemai iqala ukuzala kusihlwa noma ebusuku, ezindaweni ezinamatshe amatshe nenhlabathi enamadwala, lapho kungekho khona ulwelwe kanye nodaka. Ngemuva kokuzala, zonke izinhlanzi ezindala ze-shemai azihlali emanzini omfula, kepha zihamba ngokushesha ziye olwandle.
Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zikhetha izikhala zokuzalela ezinamanzi acacile nokugeleza okusheshayo. Njengomthetho, ukuzala kwenzeka ekujuleni okungama-20-40 cm, futhi amaqanda azalwayo athwalwa ngamanje ngaphansi kwamatshe amatshe noma amatshe amancane, lapho ethelwe khona ngokuthembekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlanzi ezisencane zeShemai zibonakala ngokukhula kancane, okwenzeka emfuleni, futhi ngemuva konyaka, ishemai iya olwandle, lapho izinqubo zokukhula zishesha khona.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, izibungu ziyaqandula ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Isikhathi eside, izibungu ezichanyuselwe zingaphansi kwechibi, endaweni emnyama, bese zihlehla kancane kancane emfuleni zingene emanzini olwandle.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esikhulu semvelo se-shamiki ngumuntu... Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, izinsalela ezicebile zezinhlanzi zeShemai zacekelwa phansi kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokudoba okungalawulwa, okwadala ukuzalaniswa okuphoqelelwe kokuzaliswa kwalesi silwane esidla emanzini.
Ngaphezu kokuncishiswa kwezindawo zokuzalela, inqubo yokuzala kabusha kweshemi ithinteka kabi ngokungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi, kanye noshintsho olukhulu ezingeni lamanzi ezilwandle nasemifuleni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi nantathu ze-shemai, kepha mabili kuphela ahlala emadamini aseRussia: i-Black Sea shamayka neCaspian. Futhi, amafomu okungena nawokuhlala ahlukile. I-shemai yokudla ibilokhu iyizakhamizi ezivamile zoLwandle Olumnyama nase-Azov Seas.
Kuyathakazelisa!Inyama ye-shamiki iyinambitheka kakhulu futhi inomsoco, inamafutha futhi ithambile ngokumangazayo, ngenxa yokuthi isakhamuzi sasemanzini leso bekuyisikhathi eside siyisisekelo sokudoba kwabahlali bendawo, kanye nabadobi-izivakashi.
Umphumela womsebenzi onamandla kangaka wabantu wehlise kakhulu isibalo sabantu; ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi seziyekile ukutholakala njalo kwimvelo. Njengamanje, ishamayka ibhalwe kuRed Book.
Kodwa-ke, yize kunenqwaba yokuvinjelwa kanye nezinhlawulo ezibekiwe, ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kusasakazekile. Phakathi kokunye, ukudoba ngenhloso yokuhweba kuyicala lobugebengu, futhi kulawo macala, kunikezwa isikhathi sokuboshwa esinemibandela noma sangempela.
