Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka abantu bebuka izinyoka, besaba, bezonda futhi ... bebabaza ubuhle babo, ubuhlakani, umusa wabo. Futhi noma kunjalo, lezi zidalwa zihlala zingenye yezimfihlakalo kakhulu. Ubuthi obungabulala noma bonge, izici zokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokuphila zenza isintu sihlanganise izinyoka nobuthakathi nobuthakathi.
I-Physiology yowesilisa nowesifazane
Enye yezimfumbe zokuqala “zenyoka” umuntu ahlangana nazo ubulili besilwane esihuquzelayo. Kunzima ukuchaza ukwethuka okutholwa yinoma ngubani obhekene nebhola elihoshelwayo, elincikene, lilungele ukuhlaba kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babekwazi ukuthi ibhola lenyoka kumane nje kungukusesha kanye nomzamo wokuvundisa abesifazane abalungele ukukhwelwa.
I-physiology yezinyoka igcwele izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo, ezisukela enanini lamaphaphu, ukuhlelwa okungalingani kwezitho zangaphakathi, amandla "okubona" ukushisa, ukubulala inyamazane ngoshevu noma ukuyidla iphila. Ngisho nokuzimisela ngocansi kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi akubona bonke ochwepheshe abangayiphatha ngokuzethemba.
Izimpawu zangaphandle lapho umuntu angahlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane zifihlwe ngokuthembekile. Ama-hemipenises, isitho sokukhulelwa, atholakala emsileni, emaphaketheni okuthiwa engxenyeni yesisu. Zikhula ngosayizi owanele ukukhishwa emzimbeni womzimba kuphela uma umlingani eseduze, elungele ukukhulelwa. Abesifazane babe nama-hemiclitor abhangqwe cishe okungenakwenzeka ukuwabona.
Okubalulekile! Ezinye izinyoka ngama-hermaphrodites, i-parthenogenesis yinto eyenzeka emindenini yezinyoka eziyizimpumputhe ne-Warty.
Ngokubukeka, unganquma ubulili bomuntu cishe kakhulu. Abesilisa (ngaphandle kwama-boa constrictors) imvamisa baba bakhulu futhi bade kunabesifazane, umsila ubukeka unamandla kakhulu, ukhuluphele ngenxa yesitho sangasese esibhangqiwe. Zihle kakhulu, zinemibala egqamile. Ezinye izinyoka (izinhlwathi, ama-boas) zigcine izinsalela zomzimba ezingemuva emzimbeni, zifana nezingwegwe noma ama-spurs. Kwabesilisa, lezi zinqubo zinde futhi zinamandla amakhulu; zivame ukusebenzela ukujabulisa abesifazane.
Kepha zonke lezi zibonakaliso zihlobene kakhulu, kunzima ukuthembela kuzo lapho kunqunywa ucansi, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa ngosizo lwezinto ezikhethekile, kanye nokubuka indlela yokuziphatha endaweni yemvelo noma yokufakelwa kuvame ukusiza.
Ukuxubanisa izinyoka
Ngemuva kokuvuka ngemuva kokulala ubusika, abesilisa bakhasa phezulu befuna ukudla nomlingani wokukhwelana... Abesifazane bavuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha bengakaphumi endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, uyabazisa ngokulungela kwakhe ukuzala izingane ngephunga elithile, kuphoqa abanumzane abaningana ukuba babuthane eduze nomnyango womgodi. Ukuzama ukuthola insikazi, ukufika kuye enye ye-hemipenises eyande ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi, abesilisa bazigoqa ngamabhola amzungezile, kepha kuyaqabukela kulimale omunye nomunye. Lapho nje omunye wabo efinyelela umgomo, engenile ngesitho sobulili ku-cloaca, bonke abanye ngokushesha bahamba bayofuna omunye umlingani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuya ocansini ezinyokeni kungenye yezinto ezinde kakhulu emvelweni. Umanyolo ungahlala ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kwesinye isikhathi abalingani babanga amanxeba abucayi komunye nomunye.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukukhwelana, owesilisa ushiya "ipulagi" emzimbeni wenyoka, evimbela abanye ekuhlanganyeleni nayo.
Ukuzala
Phakathi kwezinyoka, kukhona zombili lezo ezizalela amaqanda ezidlekeni ezihlelwe emakhoneni afihlwe kakhulu, kanye ne-ovoviviparous ne-viviparous.
I-Ovoviviparous
Izinyoka ze-Ovoviviparous - boas, shitomordniks, tiger snakes - zithwala inzalo yazo emzimbeni wazo, kepha ingane iyakhula futhi ikhule emsileni womzimba kamama eqandeni. Udla amaprotheni, umama wakhe umupha umoya-mpilo, njalo njalo kuze kube yilapho ingane ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba isilungele ukuzalwa futhi ikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Indlela eyingqayizivele enjalo yokuzala inzalo ayifani nezinyoka kuphela, kodwa nezinhlanzi ezithile. Uma sezakhiwe ngokuphelele, izinyoka ezisencane zibhubhisa iqanda ezikhulele kulo, zizalwe futhi zichamule ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukubeka amaqanda
Izinyoka eziningi, ngokuya ngemibono yendabuko yabantu ngazo, zibekela amaqanda. Bazimisele kakhulu ngokwakha isidleke abazohlala kuso isikhathi eside. Amaqanda egobolondo eliminyene lesikhumba asengozini futhi angaba yizisulu zezinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi "ukuzala" kusuka emaqanda ayi-4 kuye kwangama-20.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoka zinekhono elihlukile lokugcina isidoda sowesilisa iminyaka. Omunye umnumzana angaba ngubaba wezizukulwane ezi-5-7 zezinyoka zezingane, ezisiza ukugcina inani labantu ngezikhathi ezingezinhle kakhulu.
Izinyoka ezi-Viviparous
Ku-viviparous, ngemuva kokukhulelwa, imibungu iqala ukondla emzimbeni kamama, ukudla, njengakho konke okunye, yi-yolk eyakhiwe ku-oviduct, kepha ukondleka okwengeziwe ne-oxygen kutholakala ngenxa yezinqubo ezikhethekile zokugaya umzimba zomama. Amantshontsho azalwa ekulungele ukuzitholela ukudla, futhi angazimela. Phakathi kwabathwele bukhoma kunezinyoka, imivimbo nokunye.
Ukukhula kombungu kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zezulu.... Ezingeni lokushisa elikhulu (ama-26-32 degrees) nomswakama kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-90, inyanga noma izinsuku ezingama-39 zanele. Ukuqubuka okubandayo kunganciphisa inqubo kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ithwala izingane izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
Ukunakekela inzalo
Insikazi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eyeduna, iyayinakekela kakhulu i-clutch yayo. Isidleke sivame ukwakhiwa ngenqwaba kadoti, amaqabunga amadala, notshani obolile. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlinzeka ngemfudumalo edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezinsana: inqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ishisa amaqanda. Uma lokhu kunganele, umama uyakwazi ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa elizungeze amaqanda ngamadigri amaningana ngokusikwa kwemisipha isikhathi eside.
Noma izingela, izinyoka azishiyi isikhathi eside esidlekeni futhi azihambi kude nayo ukuze zixoshe ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezincane noma izinyoni ngesikhathi, ngoba amaqanda ayizisulu ezihlwabusayo.
Izinyoka zingomama abangenabugovu ngokwedlulele, ngenkathi zigada amaqanda, zilwela impilo nokufa uma othile engena esidlekeni. Ama-Oviparous ngokucophelela "alalela" izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwegobolondo ukuze zisize izinyoka ezibuthakathaka ukubhubhisa umgoqo ngesikhathi esifanele. Imifantu yokuqala, izimbobo azihambi zinganakwa ngumama. Kepha lapho nje ikhanda, bese kuthi umzimba, uvele egobolondweni, inyoka iyayeka ukunakekela usana oluncane olusanda kuzalwa.
Kwenzeka okufanayo ngokuzalwa bukhoma, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - lapho nje kuzalwa izingane, intshisekelo enzalweni iyanyamalala. Izinyoka ezincane zakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi imizwa yazo ithuthuke kahle kangangokuba zingazitholela ukudla kwazo ngokushesha. Izibungu, izinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane - inyoka idla konke engakugwinya.
Izindlela eziphelele zokusinda nokulondolozwa kwabantu, ikhono lokuwela opopayi abamisiwe uma izimo zingakuvumeli ukondleka okwanele, noma kwabanda kakhulu, noma ukushisa kwehlela ngaphezulu - konke lokhu kwasiza izinyoka ukuba ziphile futhi zikhule izigidi zeminyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba sebekhule ngokwanele ocansini, imvamisa beneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, abesifazane bangakhulisa izingane ezifika ku-100 ngonyaka.
Futhi abagcwalisanga umhlaba kuphela ngoba nezilwane ezinonya ezinjalo zinezitha... Iningi lenzalo lifa eminyakeni yokuqala engu-1-2 emihlathini yezinyoni noma emazinyweni amakati amakhulu, amagundane. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoka ekuthunjweni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-40, kepha emvelweni abavamile ukuhlala kuze kufike ku-10-13.
