Izicabucabu ziyingxenye yokuhlelwa kwama-arthropods, afaka cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-42 emhlabeni jikelele. Zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu ngaphandle kweyodwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ukudla endaweni yemvelo
Izicabucabu zihlukaniswa njengezinyamazana ezibophezelayo, kwimenyu yazo ezinama-vertebrate amancane nezinambuzane kuphela... Izazi ze-Arachnologists zisho okuwukuphela kokuhlukile - uBagheera kiplingi, isicabucabu esigxumayo esihlala eMelika Ephakathi.
Lapho ihlolisiswa, uBagheera Kipling akayona imifino eyi-100%: ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, lesi spider (ngokungabikho kwamahlamvu e-Vachellia acacia nectar) sidla iziqalo zaso. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane ekudleni kweBagheera kiplingi kubukeka njengo-90% kuya ku-10%.
Izindlela zokuzingela
Bancike endleleni yokuphila, ukuhlala phansi noma ukuzulazula. Isicabucabu esizulazulayo ngokuvamile siqapha inyamazane noma siyinyonyoba ngokucophelela, siyidlulise ngokugxuma okukodwa noma okumbalwa. Izicabucabu ezizulazulayo zithanda ukumboza isisulu sazo ngemicu yazo.
Izicabucabu ezihlala lapho azisigijimeli isisulu, kodwa zilinda ize izulazule izingibe ezilukwe ngobuciko. Lezi kungaba zombili izintambo zesiginali ezilula nobuqili (obukhulu bendawo) amanethiwekhi alulelwe kokuthunyelwe kokubukwa komnikazi wazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akubona bonke abazingeli ababamba izisulu zabo ngama-cobwebs: abanye (ngokwesibonelo, iTegenaria Domestica) bamane balinde umzimba wesinambuzane ukuba uthambe uye esimweni osifunayo. Kwesinye isikhathi isicabucabu siyasikhulula isisulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezimbili: uma kukhulu kakhulu noma kunuka kabi (i-bug).
Isicabucabu sibulala inyamazane yaso ngobuthi obugxile ezingxenyeni ezinobuthi, ezise-chelicerae noma (njenge-Araneomorphae) emgodini we-cephalothorax.
Imisipha evunguza ezungeze izinkontileka zezindlala ngesikhathi esifanele, kanti ubuthi bungena lapho buhlosiwe khona ngomgodi osesihlokweni semihlathi efana nezipho. Izinambuzane ezincane zifa cishe ngokushesha, kanti lezo ezikhudlwana, ziyaquleka isikhashana.
Ukuzingela izinto
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi izinambuzane, ezifanele ngosayizi. Izicabucabu eziluka izingibe zivame ukubamba zonke ezindizayo, ikakhulukazi iDiptera.
Izinhlobo "zezinhlobonhlobo" zezidalwa eziphilayo zinqunywa yindawo yokuhlala kanye nenkathi. Izicabucabu ezihlala emigodini nasebusweni bomhlaba zidla kakhulu amabhungane nama-orthopterans, noma kunjalo, aziyideleli iminenke nemisundu. Izicabucabu ezivela emndenini wakwaMimetidae zikhomba izicabucabu zezinye izinhlobo nezintuthwane.
I-Argyroneta, isicabucabu samanzi, igxile kakhulu kwizibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, gazinga lwenhlanzi nama-crustaceans. Cishe okufanayo (izinhlanzi ezincane, izibungu kanye nozinti) kudliwa izicabucabu ezivela kuhlobo lweDolomedes, ezihlala ezimfundeni nasezixhaphozini ezimanzi.
"Izitsha" ezithakazelisa kakhulu zifakiwe kwimenyu yezicabucabu ze-tarantulas:
- izinyoni ezincane;
- amagundane amancane;
- ama-arachnids;
- izinambuzane;
- inhlanzi;
- izilwane zasemanzini.
Etafuleni le-tarantula Grammostola yaseBrazil, kuvame ukuvela izinyoka ezincane, isicabucabu esizishwabadela kakhulu.
Indlela yokudla
Kufakazelwe ukuthi wonke ama-arthropod akhombisa uhlobo lokudla okunomsoco lwe-arachnid (extraintestinal). Esicabucabwini, yonke into iguqulelwa ukusetshenziswa kokudla oketshezi, kusuka kudivayisi yokuhlunga yomgogodla wangaphambi komlomo nepharynx, i-esophagus encishisiwe, futhi kuphele ngesisu esinamandla esincelayo.
Okubalulekile! Ngemuva kokubulala isisulu, isicabucabu siyasiklebhula futhi siyisike ngemihlathi yaso, sikhiphe ujusi wokugaya ukudla ngaphakathi, owenzelwe ukuncibilikisa ingaphakathi lalesi sinambuzane.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isicabucabu simunca uketshezi oluqhamukayo, lushintshe isidlo nomjovo wejusi. Isicabucabu asikhohlwa ukusiphendula isidumbu, sisiphathise izinhlangothi zonke size siphenduke isidumbu esomisiwe.
Izicabucabu ezihlasela izinambuzane ngesembozo esiqinile (ngokwesibonelo, amabhungane) zibhoboza ulwelwesi lwazo lwe-artical nge-chelicera, njengomthetho, phakathi kwesifuba nekhanda. Ijusi lokugaya ukudla lifakwa kuleli nxeba, futhi okuqukethwe okuthanjisiwe kuyakhishwa lapho.
Izicabucabu zidlani ekhaya
Izicabucabu zendlu eziyiqiniso (iTegenaria Domestica), ezingafuywanga, zidla izimpukane zasendlini, izimpukane zezithelo (izimpukane zezithelo), ukukala izinambuzane nezibungu. Izicabucabu ezikhuliswe ngokukhethekile ekuthunjweni zinamathela emithethweni efanayo nasendle - ukuba nentshisekelo yokudla okulinganayo.
Ukudla okulungile
Inambuzane ye-forage kufanele ilingane kahle ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungu-1/4 kuya ku-1/3 ubukhulu besicabucabu uqobo. Izilwane ezinkulu zingaba nzima ukugaya futhi zithuse isicabucabu... Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinambuzane esikhulu (esondliwe ngesikhathi sesilwane esincibilikiswa yi-molting) silimaza inani laso elingafakwanga.
Izicabucabu ezikhulayo (ezineminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala) zinikezwa:
- impukane yezithelo;
- amakhilikithi amancane;
- izibungu zokudla (izinsana).
Ukudla kwezicabucabu ezindala (kuya ngohlobo lwazo) kufaka phakathi:
- amaphela angavamile;
- izintethe;
- amakhilikithi;
- ama-vertebrate amancane (amaxoxo namagundane asanda kuzalwa).
Izinambuzane ezincane zinikezwa ngokushesha "ngezinqwaba", izingcezu ezingama-2-3 lilinye. Indlela elula yokondla izilwane ezifuywayo i-arthropod ngamaphela: okungenani azibonwa ekudleni kwabantu, njengamakhilikithi. Isicabucabu esisodwa sanele amaphela ama-2-3 isonto lonke.
Okubalulekile! Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amaphela asekhaya njengokudla - imvamisa afakwa ubuthi ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezivela emgwaqweni nazo aziyona inketho enhle (ama-parasites avame ukutholakala kuzo).
Uma uphelelwa izinambuzane zokudla, futhi bekufanele ubambe lezo "zasendle", qiniseka ukuthi uzigeza ngamanzi abandayo... Ezinye izingcweti ziqandisa izinambuzane ezibanjiwe, kepha akuzona zonke izicabucabu ezizodla umkhiqizo oncibilikile ongasenambitheki. Futhi ama-parasites awafeli njalo lapho eqandisiwe.
Enye i-caveat - ungazondli izilwane ezifuywayo ezidla inyama ezinjenge-centipedes, ezinye izicabucabu nezinambuzane ezinjenge-mantis. Kulokhu, "ukudla kwasemini" kuzoba lula kulabo abazokwanelisa indlala yabo.
Ukuthengwa (ukulungiswa) kokuphakelayo
Ukudla kwezicabucabu kuthengwa ezitolo zezilwane, emakethe yezinkukhu, noma kubantu ababandakanyeke ngokukhethekile ekuzaleni ukudla okuphilayo. Uma ufuna ukonga imali - khulisa izinambuzane zokudla ngokwakho, ikakhulukazi ngoba akunzima.
Uzodinga imbiza yengilazi (3 L), ngezansi kwakho uzobeka izingcezu zokupakisha amaqanda, amagxolo, okusanhlamvu kwephephandaba kanye namakhadibhodi: ikoloni lamaphela emabula lizohlala lapha. Ukuvimbela abaqashi ukuba bangaphunyuki, gcoba i-petroleum jelly entanyeni, noma okungcono kakhulu, yimboze nge-gauze (ucindezela ngebhande le-rubber elibhalayo).
Qalisa abantu abaningana lapho bese ubapha okokudla okuvela etafuleni: amaphela akhula ngokushesha futhi azale uhlobo lwawo uqobo.
Isicabucabu sidla kangaki
Ukudla kwe-arthropod kuvame ukubambezeleka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuhamba kancane kwayo. Abantu abadala bondliwa kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10, abasha - kabili ngesonto. Ngaphambi kokuzala, imvamisa yokondla iyanda.
Okubalulekile! Kunezibonelo ezingakwazi ukuthambisa isifiso sokudla, ezingabesabisi ngokukhuluphala, kepha ngokuqhuma kwesisu nokufa.
Ngakho-ke, umnikazi kuzodingeka anqume izinga lokusutha kwesiminzi: uma isisu sesicabucabu sikhuphuke ngama-2-3, sishayele kude nesisulu bese ususa izinsalela zaso.
Ukwenqaba ukudla
Lokhu kujwayelekile kwizicabucabu futhi akumele kubangele ukuthi umnikazi wethuke.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuziba okuphakelayo:
- isicabucabu sakho sigcwele;
- isicabucabu sinovalo mayelana nezinguquko ezimweni zokuboshwa;
- isilwane silungiselela ukuncibilika.
Kulokhu kokugcina, izinhlobo ezithile zesicabucabu zenqaba ukondla amasonto noma izinyanga. Akunconyelwa ukusondla isicabucabu ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa koshintsho olulandelayo lwesembozo. Usuku lokuphakelwa okulandelayo lubalwa ngokungeza izinsuku ezingama-3-4 kunombolo ye-molt, kanti ngalolu suku isicabucabu simenyelwa endaweni yokudlela siphinde sondliwe.
Imfucumfucu yamanzi nokudla
Kungcono ukukhipha ukudla okungazange kudliwe kusuka ku-terrarium, kodwa kuphela uma isicabucabu siphelelwe yisithakazelo ngokuphelele kuso. Ezimweni ezinomswakama, isikhunta kanye namagciwane akhula ngokushesha futhi angalimaza i-arthropod yakho.
Uma isicabucabu siqhubeka nokuba nentshisekelo ngesisulu saso, masisimunce size sifike ekugcineni. Lapho lesi sinambuzane siphenduka isikhumba esisongwe ngezicubu, isicabucabu sizosifihla ekhoneni le-terrarium noma sisiphonse esiphuzweni.
Ngendlela, mayelana namanzi: kufanele kube njalo endlini yesicabucabu. Amanzi ashintshwa abe musha nsuku zonke. Isicabucabu singahamba izinyanga ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa asikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwamanzi.
