Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula zingezomndeni wesicabucabu kanye ne-suborder migalomorphic. Abamele uhlobo lwe-Arthropods kanye nekilasi lama-Arachnids bahlukaniswa ngosayizi wabo omkhulu nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kakhulu.
Incazelo yesicabucabu se-tarantula
Izicabucabu ezidla izinyoni zaziwa nangokuthi izicabucabu ezidla izinyoni (Thеrаrhosidae)... Le arthropod inokubukeka okungajwayelekile, inezici ezinemilenze emide enoboya nombala obabayo onamanzi okhula ube namandla ngenxa yomphetho omusha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubuso bomzimba, kufaka phakathi imilenze ye-tarantula, imbozwe ukuqoqwa kwama-villi aminyene, okunikeza isicabucabu ukubukeka oku-shaggy kakhulu, futhi umbala wehlukile, kuye ngezici ze-subspecies.
Ukubukeka
Inani lezinhlobo ze-tarantula lingaphansi kancane kwenkulungwane, futhi ukubukeka kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo. Izici zokubukeka kwe-tarantula ejwayelekile yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Asantoscurria geniculata - uhlobo lwasemhlabeni oluthokozisayo nolukhulu kakhulu olunomoya ophansi futhi alunalo nolaka. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-8-10 cm ubude bomlenze bungu-18-20 cm.Unezinga eliphezulu lokukhula;
- Acantoscurria musculosa - osayizi abaphakathi nendawo, osebenza kakhulu, onolaka ngokulingene futhi obongwa kakhulu ngabathandi bezicabucabu ezifuywayo, izinhlobo ze-burrowing / zasemhlabeni. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-4.5-5.5 cm ubude bomlenze bungu-12-13 cm.Unezinga eliphezulu lokukhula;
- AmaBrachyrelma albisers - enhle kakhulu, enokuhamba okwanele kanye non-nolaka umhlaba tarantula. Ukubukeka okungenalo ulaka ngokuphelele. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ungaphakathi kuka-6-7 cm ubude bomlenze bube ngu-14-16 cm.Uyehluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula esimaphakathi;
- ICaribena (Ex .avicularia) vеrsiсlor - omunye wabamele abahle kakhulu, abanempilo futhi ababukekayo bezinhlobo zezinkuni. Ubukhulu bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-5.5-6.5 cm ngobude bomlenze obungu-16-18 cm.wehluka ngezinga lokukhula elijwayelekile;
- Сеratоgyrus dаrlingi - kubhekisa kuma-tarantula anolaka kakhulu, kepha ahamba kancane, aluka ama-cobwebs aminyene futhi anenqwaba yokuba nophondo ku-cephalothorax Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala awudluli u-5-6 cm ngobude bomlenze obungu-14 cm.Unezinga eliphezulu lokukhula;
- Сhilоbrаshys dysсlus "Okumnyama" Ingabe i-tarantula enkulu yokubhola yase-Asia enombala omnyama ngokweqiniso kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-instar. Insikazi esikhulile inombala ogqamile omnyama wamalahle. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-6.5-7.5 cm nobude bomlenze obungu-16-18 cm.Uyehluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula esijwayelekile;
- I-Chilobrashys dyscolus "Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" - i-tarantula enkulu yokubhola yase-Asia enombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet, nolaka kakhulu futhi osheshayo. Ubukhulu bomzimba womuntu omdala bungu-5.5-6.5 cm nobude bomlenze obungu-16-18 cm.Okuhlukile ngesilinganiso sokukhula esimaphakathi;
- Сhilоbrаhys sр. "Kаеng Krachan" - i-tarantula engavamile yomhlaba / yokugquma enezitho ezinemibala emnyama nomzimba, kuze kufike kumbala omnyama wamalahle. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-6.5-7 cm nobude bomlenze obungu-16-18 cm.Uyehluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula esijwayelekile;
- Сhrоmаtorelma сyаneorubessens - Olunye lwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinokuthula, eluka ubulembu obuningi obumhlophe okweqhwa, obubukeka bungeqiniso kakhulu. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-6.5-7 cm ngobude bomlenze obungu-15-16 cm.Uyehluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula esijwayelekile;
- ICyrioragorus lividum - omele ngokushesha okukhulu futhi anolaka, omele umgodi onombala ocebile ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukhulu bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-5.5-6.5 cm ngobude bomlenze obungu-15 cm.Uyehluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula esijwayelekile;
- UDаvus fаsciаtus - uhlobo lwasemhlabeni / lwe-burrowing lwe-tarantula, olubabazekayo ekuziphatheni kwalo nombala. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-4.5-5.5 cm, nobude bomlenze obungu-12-14 cm.Unezinga eliphezulu lokukhula;
- Euralaestrus сamреstrаtus - omunye wabamele abahlukile bama-tarantula asemhlabeni anombala wokuqala kanye noboya bezinwele obuchazwe kahle. Usayizi womzimba womuntu omdala ngu-7.0-7.5 cm ubude bomlenze bungu-16-17 cm.Unezinga eliphansi lokukhula.
Okudume kakhulu ngu-Erheborus cyanognathus, ongummeleli ogqame kakhulu futhi onemibala ye-tarantula. Umzimba walesi sigcawu udwetshiwe ngombala wokuqala obomvu we-burgundy onezakhi eziphakanyisiwe zomthunzi oluhlaza okotshani. Izingxenye zezitho zinemivimbo ephuzi eguqukayo, kanti i-chelicerae ihlukaniswa ngombala ocacile futhi ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nomlingiswa
Izici zezinhlobo zinomthelela omkhulu endleleni yokuphila nezimpawu eziyisisekelo zezicabucabu ze-tarantula. Zonke izinhlobo zama-tarantula zihlukaniswa njengezicabucabu ezinobuthi. Ama-subspecies ahlukene we-arthropods anjalo ahola izindlela zokuphila ezihlukile.
Ezinye zazo zihlala ezihlahleni kuphela, kanti eziningi zihlala emhlabathini noma emigodini ekhethekile. Kwezinye izinhlobo, indawo esezihlahleni iyisici. Izicabucabu zeTarantula zizingela ekuqamekeleni, zinganyakazi futhi zilinde isikhathi eside inyamazane yazo. Ama-arthropod anjalo awasebenzi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma umuzwa wendlala waneliswe ngokuphelele.
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobo ze-tarantula ama-arthropods aphile isikhathi eside, okuthi ezimweni zemvelo futhi lapho agcinwe ekuthunjweni akwazi ukuhlala amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Isici esivelele kakhulu sama-tarantula ukuthi abesifazane bangaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunama-tarantula wesilisa.
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-tarantula lapho sigcinwa ekuthunjweni sincike ezimeni zokushisa, kanye nokuchichima kokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngenqubo yokudla isikhathi eside, isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula, futhi ezimweni ezibandayo ngokwanele, imetabolism inciphisa ijubane, ngenxa yalokho okwenziwa kancane kancane kwe-arthropod enjalo.
Izindlela zokuzivikela
Ukuzivikela, izinhlobo ze-Brachypelma albicers neBrachypelma verdezi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo, zikhipha izinwele zazo zokuzivikela ezisendaweni yesisu. Futhi uhlobo lwe-Avicularia spp., Uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, iba yindawo yokuzivikela, futhi iphakamise nesisu ngaphezulu futhi ingahlasela umhlaseli ngendle yayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yejubane eliphakeme kakhulu lapho lihamba, lolu hlobo luthanda ukumane lucashe ezitheni zalo ngokundiza.
Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, izicabucabu ze-tarantula zinezinhlobo ezintathu zezindlela zokuvikela ezivikela i-arthropod ezitheni ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle:
- ukufaka ukuluma;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinwele ezihlabayo ezitholakala esiswini;
- izicabucabu zihlasela indle.
Ukulunywa kwesicabucabu se-tarantula akuhlanganisi kuphela imizwa ebuhlungu ehambisana nenqubo yokubhoboza isikhumba, kodwa futhi nomphumela wobuthi obujojowe. Impendulo yomzimba ekulunyweni kwesicabucabu kuyinto yomuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bathola ukulunywa okuncane kanye nokuphathwa ikhanda, futhi umuntu ozwela kakhulu angahle abe nomkhuhlane omkhulu nokuvuvukala okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yokulunywa yinoma iyiphi i-tarantula akukaze kubhalwe.
Izinwele ezivuthayo zitholakala esiswini se-tarantulas, futhi lapho uthintana nesikhumba, umuntu nesilwane bangathola ukusabela okweqile okuqinile. Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokuvikela lwakhiwa ku-arthropod ukuvikela i-oviposition. Izinwele ezifanayo zilukwa yizicabucabu zesifazane zibe iwebhu noma ngqo ku-cocoon onamaqanda.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula sezisabalele cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, futhi okuwukuphela kwe-Antarctica.... Ama-arthropods anjalo ahlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, e-Australia nase-Oceania, futhi nawo ajwayelekile kakhulu emazweni ase-Europe, lapho indawo yawo yokuhlala ikhawulelwe engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Italy, Portugal neSpain.
Ezinye izicabucabu ze-tarantula zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakumahlathi asenkabazwe. Izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu nesomiso zihlala ezingwadule ezingama-semi.
Ukudla, inyamazane yesicabucabu se-tarantula
Ukudla kwe-tarantula akuhlukile kakhulu. Izicabucabu ezinjalo zinohlobo lwangaphandle lokugaya ukudla. Isisulu esibanjiwe asinamandla, ngemuva kwalokho kwethulwa kuso ijusi lokugaya, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, esingeqile usuku, i-tarantula imunca okuqukethwe okunomsoco oketshezi kulokho ekuzingelayo.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwesicabucabu se-tarantula imelwe yizinambuzane eziphilayo, ubukhulu bazo abukhulu kakhulu, okuvimbela i-arthropod ekulweni nesisulu. Abamele abakhulu besicabucabu se-tarantula bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-vertebrate amancane ngendlela yamagundane anqunu njengokudla. Futhi, ekuthunjweni, ama-arthropod angondliwa ngezingcezu ezincane zenyama eluhlaza eluhlaza. Ukudla kwesicabucabu se-tarantula esivuthiwe ngokocansi kuvame ukufaka amakhilikithi amadala, izintethe, izinhlobo ezinkulu zamaphela, iminyundu yokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani lezinambuzane zokudla ekudleni komuntu omdala, njengomthetho, alidluli ikota noma ingxenye yesithathu yesisindo somzimba wesicabucabu uqobo.
Lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, ama-tarantula amancane futhi ajwayele ukuncibilika kufanele ondliwe amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto, futhi abantu abadala kufanele bathole ukudla njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa noma eziyishumi. Imvamisa yokondla ivame ukwanda ngaphambi kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukwenqaba ukudla kubonakala esigabeni se-molting esebenzayo, ezimweni zokushisa okuphansi noma ezimeni zokuchichima okukhulu kwesisu.
Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula, ngenxa yezizathu ezingasungulwa isayensi njengamanje, zingabulawa yindlala cishe iminyaka emibili, futhi isici sezinye izinhlobo zekhono lokubhukuda nokuntywila.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umehluko omkhulu, obizwa ngokobulili uvela kuphela lapho ama-tarantula evuthwa... Njengomthetho, bonke abesilisa banesincane, uma kuqhathaniswa nesifazane, isisu kanye nezingwegwe ze-tibial ezisemilenzeni yangaphambili. Futhi, abesilisa bahlala bevuvukala izingxenye zokugcina kuma-pedipalps enza imisebenzi yezocansi. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa kalula owesifazane kowesilisa ngemuva kokuthi i-arthropod idlulise ama-molts amaningana.
Abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi futhi abakulungele ukushada nabantu abahlukile ekuziphatheni kwabo. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhulelwa yenzeke ngaphakathi kwesibeletho, ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuyenziwa futhi amaqanda avikelwe ngumfece owelukwe ngokukhethekile. Isicabucabu se-tarantula sesifazane siqapha ngokucophelela umfece, senze ukunyakaza nokuvikela kwawo lapho kudingeka.
Umjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthuka, kusukela ngesikhathi sokubekwa kuze kube sekuzalweni kwesicabucabu, kuyaqabukela kuthatha amasonto angaphezu kwamathathu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-tarantula encane ishiye umfece, owesifazane uyayeka ukunakekela inzalo yakhe, ngakho-ke izicabucabu ezincane ziphoqeleka ukuthi zinakekele ngokuzimela ukukhethwa kwekhaya, ukuvikelwa okugcwele ezitheni nasekudleni okujwayelekile.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kokuba nobuthi, izicabucabu ze-tarantula zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinye izilwane eziningi. Izinhlobo ezidliwayo ze-scolopendra, kufaka phakathi i-Scolondra gigantea, ziyakwazi ukubhekana hhayi kuphela nama-tarantula amakhulu, afaka i-Therarhosa blondi, kepha noma nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu. Esinye isilwane esidla ubungozi esiyisicabucabu singummeleli wohlobo lwe-Ethmostigmus, ohlala e-Australia futhi ongowezitha zemvelo ze-tarantula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izitha zemvelo zama-tarantula endle zifaka izicabucabu zohlobo lwe-Lycosidae neLatrodectus hasselti, ngobukhulu obukhulu.
Ama-arthropod abhujiswa ezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla, kufaka phakathi ixoxo elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Australia, iLitoria infrafrenata, noma isele lesihlahla esinezindebe ezimhlophe kanye ne-aga toad Bufo marinus. Emzimbeni we-tarantula, ama-dipterans amancane ohlobo lweMegaselia kanye nomndeni wakwaPhoridae kanye novuvu be-hawk bavame ukukhubazeka. Izibungu ziyakhula futhi zikhule ngaphakathi kwesicabucabu, zidale ukufa kwaso.
Imbangi yemvelo ye-giant goliath tarantula yisicabucabu i-Neteroda mahima, esitholakala eLaos futhi sidlula i-goliath kuphela ebangeni lomlenze.
Ingozi kubantu
Ama-tararantula awabeki engcupheni enkulu empilweni nasempilweni yomnikazi wawo... Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi awudingi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho wenza noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokunakekela isilwane esinjalo.
Isibonelo, i-Ceratogyrus meridionalis, engenye yezinhle kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye abameleli ababizayo ngaphandle kokuphuma okufana nophondo ku-cephalothorax, kungokwesigaba sama-tarantula anolaka futhi asheshayo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukugcina kuphela izazi ezinolwazi lwezilwane zase-Afrika.
