IGourami (Gourami noma iTrishogaster) yizinhlanzi zamanzi angenawo usawoti zomndeni we-osfroneme noma we-gurami. Izinhlanzi ze-Gourami labyrinth ziyazi ukuthi zingawusebenzisa kanjani umoya ukuphefumula, odluliswa ngesitho esikhethekile selabyrinth.
Incazelo yegourami
Izinhlanzi ze-gourami zaziwa kakhulu njenge-trichogastra kanye nezintambo ezithwala izintambo.... Bangabomndeni omkhulu we-luciocephalin kanye nokuhleleka kwama-perchiformes, ngakho-ke banesimo esihle kakhulu, nokubukeka okuhle.
Ukubukeka
Bonke abameleli bohlobo lwezinhlanzi zamanzi angenasawoti ezishisayo ezivela emndenini we-macropod ababanzi kakhulu ngosayizi womzimba. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu omdala bungahluka phakathi kuka-5-12 cm, kanti ubukhulu belungu lomndeni elikhulu kunawo wonke, i-serpentine gourami, bufinyelela ikota yemitha ezimweni zemvelo.
Ngenxa yelabyrinth ekhethekile noma isitho esikhulu, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zilungiswa kahle ukuze ziphile emanzini anezinga eliphansi le-oxygen. Umzimba we-labyrinth utholakala engxenyeni enkulu, emelwe yimbobo enwetshiwe enezingcwecwe zamathambo ezi-thinnest ezimbozwe ngenqwaba yemithambo yenhliziyo nolwelwesi lwamafu. Lesi sitho sivela kuzo zonke izinhlanzi ezindala kunamasonto amabili noma amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukhona umbono wokuthi ubukhona besitho se-labyrinth siyadingeka ezinhlanzini ukuze zisuke kalula echibini elilodwa ziye kwelinye. Ukuqoqwa kwamanzi okwanele kuqoqwa ngaphakathi kwe-labyrinth, okufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni okuphezulu kwezifo futhi kuvimbele ukuthi zome.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-gourami ihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Edume phakathi kwama-aquarists, iparele gourami ihlala eziqhingini zaseMalay, eSumatra nasesiqhingini saseBorneo. Inani elikhulu lama-lunar gourami ahlala eThailand naseCambodia, kanti inyoka gourami itholakala eningizimu yeVietnam, eCambodia nasempumalanga yeThailand.
I-gourami enamabala inebanga lokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kakhulu, futhi itholakala kakhulu kusuka eNdiya kuya endaweni yeziqhingi zaseMalay. IBlue gourami nayo ihlala eSumatra.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe zonke izinhlobo zingaphansi kwesigaba sezingathobekile, ngakho-ke zizizwa zikhulu emanzini agelezayo nasemifudlaneni emincane noma emifuleni emikhulu, futhi i-gourami emhlophe nebala nayo iyatholakala ezindaweni ezinamaza olwandle nasemanzini ase-brackish estuarine.
Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-gourami
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezitholakala kuma-aquariums asekhaya namuhla zifaka iparele, imabula, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, igolide, inyanga, ukuqabulana, uju kanye namabala amabi Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oludumile iTrichogaster lumelelwa yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
- iparele le-gourami (I-Trishogaster leeri) - uhlobo olukhonjiswa ngombala omude, onwetshiwe, onamacwecwe obala we-silvery-violet ngombala lapho kunezindawo eziningi ezinamafutha ezifana namaparele. Umugqa ongalingani wombala omnyama obonakalisiwe ugijima emzimbeni wenhlanzi. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, bahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile womzimba, kanye ne-dorsal side ne-anal end. Owesilisa unentamo ebomvu egqamile, kuthi owesifazane abe nowolintshi, okusiza kakhulu ukuzimisela ngocansi;
- inyanga ka-gourami (I-Trishogaster microleris) iyinhlobonhlobo ekhonjiswe ngomzimba omude, onqenqemeni oncindezelwe ezinhlangothini, opendwe ngombala we-bluish-silver o-monochromatic, okhangayo. Ubude babantu base-aquarium, njengomthetho, abudluli kumasentimitha ayi-10-12. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo zingagcinwa cishe nanoma iziphi ezinye izakhamuzi ezinokuthula, kodwa kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe omakhelwane abanobukhulu obufanayo bomzimba;
- gourami kubonwe (I-Trishogaster trichorterus) - inhlobonhlobo ebonakala ngombala wesiliva okhangayo onombala omncane we-lilac futhi embozwe ngemivimbo engajwayelekile engabonakali kahle ye-lilac-grey. Izinhlangothi zezinhlanzi zinamabala amnyama ambalwa, elinye lawo lise-caudal base, elinye liphakathi komzimba. Umsila namaphiko acishe aguquke, anezindawo ezinombala osawolintshi ophuzi nokubamba okuphuzi ngokubomvu kuphetho lwendunu.
Futhi ezimweni ze-aquarium, kugcinwa i-gourami ensundu (iTrishogasteristoralis) - omele omkhulu kunabo bonke ohlobo lweTrichogater. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-gourami ensundu ayizithobi kakhulu futhi ayidingi ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Indlela yokuphila nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ngokokuqala ngqá, i-gourami yalethwa endaweni yezwe lakithi yi-aquarist yaseMoscow yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye i-A.S. Meshchersky. Zonke izinhlobo ze-gourami ziyashintsha futhi imvamisa zihlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi noma ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Lapho udala izimo ezilungile, ezinethezekile, ubude besikhathi sokuphila se-aquarium gourami abudluli eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Ukugcina i-gourami ekhaya
I-Gourami njengamanje iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezibonakala ngokunakekelwa okungathobeki nokulula kokuzalanisa. Yilezi zinhlanzi ezilungele ukugcinwa kwekhaya hhayi kuphela ezinolwazi, kepha nezama-novice aquarists, kufaka phakathi izingane zesikole.
Izidingo ze-Aquarium
Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine i-gourami ingajulile kakhulu, kodwa ama-aquariums amakhulu, afinyelela kwengxenye yemitha ukuphakama, ngoba amathuluzi okuphefumula athatha ukukhuphuka kwezinhlanzi phezulu phezulu ukuthola enye ingxenye yomoya. Ama-aquariums kufanele ambozwe nakanjani ngesembozo esikhethekile esivimbela isilwane esingathobekile ukuthi singagxumeki emanzini.
UGourami ukhetha uhlaza oluminyene lwe-aquarium, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele unikeze izinhlanzi indawo enkulu yamahhala yokubhukuda okusebenzayo. Izitshalo ngeke zilinyazwe yi-gourami, ngakho-ke u-aquarist angakwazi ukuhlobisa indawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi nganoma yisiphi, ngisho nohlaza olubucayi kakhulu.
Kungcono ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngokukhethekile, okumnyama... Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kungakuhle ukuthi ubeke izinkuni zemvelo eziningana ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium, ekhipha izinto ezenza amanzi afane nendawo yemvelo yezinhlanzi ezingaphandle komhlaba.
Izidingo zamanzi
Amanzi akwi-aquarium kumele ahlanzeke, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zidinga ukuhlinzeka nge-high-quality filtration kanye ne-aeration, futhi zenze njalo, njalo ngesonto ukushintshwa kwengxenye yesithathu yevolumu ephelele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-aeration ejwayelekile ayisetshenziswa uma i-aquarium iqukethe kuphela izinhlanzi ze-labyrinth. Umbuso wezinga lokushisa kufanele uhlale unakekelwa ngaphakathi kwama-23-26 ° C.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ukwanda kwesikhashana nokuhamba kancane kokushisa kwamanzi kuye ku-30 ° C noma ukwehla kuye ku-20 ° C nge-aquarium gourami kuyabekezelelwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Izinhlanzi zeLabyrinth, lapho zigcinwa ekuthunjweni nasendaweni yemvelo, sebenzisa umoya osemkhathini ukuphefumula, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uvale isivalo se-aquarium uvalwe ngokwanele ukuvumela umoya ukuthi ufudumale izinkomba zokushisa ezikahle kakhulu.
IGourami imvamisa ayifuneki kumapharamitha amakhulu wamanzi futhi ingasheshe ijwayele kokubili amanzi athambile futhi alukhuni. Okuhlukile kulo mthetho yi-pearl gourami, echuma kakhulu ngobulukhuni bamanzi ebangeni le-10 ° kanye nenani le-asidi engu-6.1-6.8 pH.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinhlanzi zeGourami
Ukunakekelwa kwendabuko kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini kuqukethe ukwenziwa okuhlelekile kwemisebenzi eminingi elula, ejwayelekile. UGourami, noma ngabe unhloboni, udinga ushintsho lwamanzi masonto onke, noma ngabe kufakwa uhlelo lokuhlunga olusezingeni eliphakeme noluthembekile ku-aquarium.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, kwanele kanye ngesonto ukufaka esikhundleni ingxenye yesithathu yenani lamanzi ngengxenye entsha... Futhi, enkambisweni yokuhlanzwa kwe-aquarium masonto onke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze kahle izindonga kusuka ekukhuleni okuhlukahlukene kwe-algal kanye nenhlabathi ekungcolisweni. Ngale njongo, i-siphon ekhethekile isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco nokudla
Ukondla i-gourami akuyona inkinga. Njengoba kufakazelwa ukubuyekezwa kwama-aquarists anolwazi lwasekhaya, izinhlanzi ezinjalo azikhohlisi neze, ngakho-ke zivame ukukujabulela noma yikuphi ukudla ezikutholayo. Kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, i-gourami ikhula kahle kakhulu futhi ichuma ngokudla okuhlukahlukene, okunomsoco, okubandakanya ukudla okomile nokuphilayo, okumelwe yimibungu yegazi, i-tubifex ne-daphnia.
Endaweni engokwemvelo, izinhlanzi ze-labyrinth zidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, izibungu zomiyane we-malaria nezinhlobonhlobo zezimila zasemanzini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu abaphilile ngokuphelele futhi abavuthiwe ngokocansi bangenza kalula ngaphandle kokudla cishe amasonto amabili.
Ukondla izinhlanzi zasolwandle kufanele kube sezingeni eliphakeme futhi kunembile, kulinganiswe ngokuphelele futhi kuhluka kakhulu. Isici se-gourami ngumlomo omncane, okumele ucatshangelwe lapho udla. Ngaphezu kokudla okhethekile okomile, i-gourami kumele ifunzwe ngeqhwa noma iphile ngokudla okuqoshwe kahle.
Ukuzala gourami
Abesilisa bazo zonke izinhlobo ze-gourami bathandana bodwa, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nabesifazane cishe ababili noma abathathu kumuntu ngamunye ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Kubhekwa njengokufanelekile ukugcina umhlambi wabantu abayishumi nambili noma abayishumi nanhlanu, abathi ngezikhathi ezithile batshalwe ukuze bazalaniswe e-aquarium ehlukile, elungiselelwe ngaphambilini.
Esikhathini esinjalo, owesifazane angakwazi ukuzala ngokuthula, futhi owesilisa uhlanganyela ekukhulelweni kwakhe. Vele, zonke izinhlobo ze-gourami azithobeki, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuzala ngisho nase-aquarium ejwayelekile, kepha le ndlela iyingozi kakhulu, futhi abasha bangadliwa ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa.
Phansi kwe-jig aquarium kufanele kutshalwe kakhulu ngezimila eziphansi zasemanzini kanye ne-algae. Enhlabathini yokuzalela okufakelwayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka ama-shards amaningana avela ezitsheni zobumba nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa ezizoba yisiphephelo esihle sabesifazane nabancane abazelwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, owesilisa ubamba insikazi ngomzimba wakhe bese eyiphendula ebheke phezulu... Kukulesi sikhathi lapho amaqanda ephonswa khona kanye nokukhulelwa kwawo okulandelayo. Insikazi izalela amaqanda angafika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili. Inhloko yomndeni yi-gourami yesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi iba nolaka kakhulu, kepha inakekela inzalo ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda, angabuyiselwa ku-aquarium ehlala njalo.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzala kuze kufike ekuzalweni kwenqwaba yefry, njengomthetho, akudluli izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Izindawo zokuzalela zokufakelwa kufanele zikhululeke futhi zilungele ngangokunokwenzeka ekuzaleni izinhlanzi zasemanzini. I-aquarium enjalo egijimayo kufanele ibe nokukhanyisa okuhle, futhi umbuso wamanzi okushisa ungahluka phakathi kuka-24-25mayelanaC. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamafry, kufanele kufakwe i-gourami yesilisa. Ama-ciliates asetshenziselwa ukondla i-fry, kanti amancane atshalwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ngemuva kokuthi i-brood inezinyanga ezimbalwa izelwe.
Okubalulekile! Fry encane futhi ebuthakathaka, ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala bathola ukudla okunomsoco esitsheni se-yolk, emva kwalokho ama-ciliates asetshenziselwa ukondla izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ezilandelayo, futhi kamuva - i-zooplankton encane.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
I-Aquarium gourami izinhlanzi ezinokuthula kakhulu nezinokuthula ezingenza kalula ubungane nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingenabungozi, kufaka phakathi iBotia, iLalius neThornesia. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele anake iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisheshayo futhi ezisebenza ngokweqile, ezibandakanya i-barbs, i-swordtails ne-shark balu, zingalimaza intshebe namaphiko e-gourami.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinamanzi ane-asidi namanzi athambile njengomakhelwane be-gourami. E-aquarium ejwayelekile yasekhaya, i-gourami encane neyomuntu omdala kaningi ayihlali nje kuphela nenkulu ethanda ukuthula, kepha nezinhlanzi ezincane ezinamahloni, kufaka phakathi ama-cichlids.
Ungathenga kuphi i-gourami, intengo
Lapho ukhetha futhi uthenga i-aquarium gourami, udinga ukugxila ku-dimorphism yezocansi, elandelwa ngokusobala kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-aquarium zihlala zikhudlwana futhi zizacile, zihlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile namaphiko amade.
Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokunquma ngokunembile ubulili kwi-gourami ubukhona bomphetho omkhulu futhi ohlanganisiwe kowesilisa.... Izindleko ezijwayelekile zezinhlanzi zasemanzini zincike eminyakeni yobudala nokutholakala kombala:
- uju uju gourami - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-150-180;
- pearl gourami - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-110-120;
- igolide gourami - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-220-250;
- zemabula gourami - kusuka ruble 160-180;
- ama-gourami pygmies - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-100;
- ushokoledi gourami - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-200-220.
Ama-aquarium gourami athengiswa ngosayizi "L", "S", "M" kanye "XL". Lapho ukhetha, udinga ukunaka ukuvela kwezinhlanzi. Isilwane esinempilo sihlala sinamehlo acacile, angenamafu ngosayizi ofanayo, futhi siyasabela ekushintsheni kokukhanyisa noma ezinye izinto zangaphandle.
Izinhlanzi ezigulayo zibonakala ngokungazinaki, zinokuvuvukala, zikhuluphele kakhulu noma umzimba omncane ngokweqile. Imiphetho yamaphiko akufanele ilimale. Uma inhlanzi yase-aquarium inombala ongachazeki nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, ukubukeka okunjalo kuvame ukukhombisa ukucindezelwa noma ukugula kwesilwane esibi.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Ukuzalela i-gourami ku-aquarium yakho yasekhaya kulula. Umbala wenhlanzi exotic enjalo uyashintsha ngesikhathi sokuzala, futhi umzimba uthola umbala ogqamile. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubuka inqubo yokuzala. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokubeka inhlanzi endaweni yokuzalela okufakelwayo, udinga ukuqala kakhulu futhi ukondle kakhulu lo mbhangqwana ngokudla okuphilayo okusezingeni eliphakeme.
I-gourami yesilisa, njengobaba okhathalelayo kakhulu, ngokuzimela yakha isidleke se-foam, equkethe amagwebu omoya namathe, futhi futhi igcina isesimweni esijwayelekile. Imvamisa, yonke inqubo yokuzala ithatha amahora amathathu noma amane futhi yenziwa ngokudlula okuningana. Ama-aquarists anolwazi asheshisa inqubo yokuzala ngokungeza amanzi acolisisiwe ekushiseni okungama-30 ° C ku-aquarium edala.mayelanaC, kushintsha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani.
Owesilisa ohlala e-aquarium edala ngesikhathi senzalo akufanele ondliwe... Ngemuva kokubonakala kukafry, kuzodingeka ukwehlisa izinga lamanzi kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa ithuluzi eligcwele le-labyrinth enhlanzini. Njengomthetho, amathuluzi ku-gourami gazinga akhiwa kungakapheli inyanga nohhafu.
Ukuthosa kudla ku-infusoria nothuli oluhle. Kukufanele kakhulu ukondla imfuyo esencane yobisi olujiyile nokuphakelayo okukhethekile okuqukethe uhla oluphelele lwazo zonke izakhi, ukulandelela izinto namavithamini adingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ama-aquarists anolwazi ancamela ukusebenzisa ukudla okukhethekile okwenziwe ngomumo i-TetraMin Bab ukondla i-gazinga, okufaka isandla ekukhuleni okulinganiselayo kwentsha, futhi kunciphisa nengozi yezifo ezinzima.
