Ngenxa yobulula bayo obedlulele nesimo se-phlegmatic, le rodent enokuthula ingenza isilwane esifanelekile. Izimo ezimbili ziyaphazamisa: i-capybara inkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingahlala efulethini futhi ayikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwedamu (ichibi noma ichibi).
Incazelo yeCapybara
Ingulube yamanzi igama lesayensi elisemthethweni le-capybara.... Abomdabu baseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi babiza i-caprice ngokuhlukile - i-caprincho, i-poncho, i-corpincho, i-capigua ne-chiguire. Kukholakala ukuthi igundane lathola igama eliqonde kunazo zonke ezizweni zaseBrazil zaseTupi, ezazimbiza ngokuthi "umuntu odla utshani obuncane" (capybara).
Ukubukeka
Umlobi waseNgilandi uGerald Durrell waqhathanisa igundane (ngesimo esivikelekile esifubeni salo) nengonyama efuthelayo, ungakhohlwa ukwengeza ukuthi i-capybara, ngokungafani nenkosi yezilwane, ingumuntu odla inyama kahle.
Kusazomangala ukuthi lo mdli wezitshalo zasemanzini wakwazi kanjani ukuthola irekhodi elinjalo (ngokumelene nesizinda samanye amagundane) isisindo: abesilisa banesisindo esingu-54-63 kg, abesifazane banesisindo esisuka ku-62 kuye ku-74 kg. Kepha lokhu akuwona umkhawulo - kuyaziwa ukuthi owesifazane oyedwa udle kuze kufike ku-81, okwesibili - kuze kufike kuma-91 kg.
Ukuphakama kokubuna kufana nokwenja enkulu futhi kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50-62. I-capybara inekhanda elibanzi elinomlomo ocishe ube yisikwele, ifakwe izindlebe ezihlanzekile, amakhala amancane ahlukaniswe kabanzi namehlo amancane.
Lesi silwane sinamazinyo angama-20, "amabi" kakhulu kuwo angama-incisors amakhulu asawolintshi acwebezelayo afana nezinkomba ezibukhali. Amazinyo esihlathi angenazimpande akhula impilo yonke. Ulimi, ngenxa yama-tubercles amaningi, lubukeka lujiyile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ijazi le-capybara libukhali futhi linzima, likhula lifike ku-3-12 cm, kepha alinayo ingubo yangaphansi. Ngenxa yesimo sakamuva, isikhumba segundane sisha ngokushesha ngaphansi kwelanga, yingakho i-capybara ivame ukulala odakeni.
I-capybara ibukeka njengomgqomo ogcwele uboya, ugcwaliswa yinqwaba enkulu ngaphandle komsila. Emilenzeni yangaphambili kuneminwe emine enamandla futhi emide exhunywe ngezingqamu zokubhukuda, emilenzeni yangemuva kunemithathu.
Izitho zangasese zangaphandle kwabesilisa nabesifazane zifihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhwama sendunu. Umbala womzimba usukela ku-chestnut obomvu uye kobunsundu obumnyama, kepha isisu sihlala sikhanya ngombala, imvamisa sinsundu ngokuphuzi. Ezinye izilwane zinamabala amnyama ebusweni bazo. Ama-capybaras amancane ahlala ekhanyayo ngombala kunezihlobo zawo ezindala.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
ICapybara ingeyomdabu eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kufaka phakathi iBrazil, iVenezuela, iColombia (empumalanga), iPeru, i-Ecuador, iParaguay, iBolivia, i-Uruguay, i-Argentina (enyakatho-mpumalanga), iPanama neGuyana.
ICapybara ithanda izindawo ezingasogwini zemifula, amaxhaphozi, amachibi nezinqolobane zokufakelwa ezigcwele i-pistia kanye ne-hyacinth yamanzi. Futhi uhlala emahlathini eChaco, emadlelweni (anezingulube zeminwe / utshani be-Guinea) kanye nezindawo zamapulazi, amahlathi angamamitha amancane kanye nezindawo ezigcwele amanzi.
Igundane lingatholakala emagqumeni (kuze kufike ku-1300 m), kanye nasemhlabathini owomunyu nowezixhaphozi, kufaka phakathi amaxhaphozi emihlume... Isimo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwesiziba esivulekile esiseduze (kungabi ngaphezu kwesigamu sekhilomitha).
Indlela Yokuphila
Impilo yonke ye-capybara igxile emanzini - lapha iqeda ukoma nendlala, ikhiqize kabusha, iphumule futhi ilawule ukushisa komzimba, ingakhohlwa ukuphuma odakeni.
Izinduku zakha amaqembu emindeni (izilwane eziyi-10-20), ezifana nezinduna: owesilisa ovelele, abesifazane abaningi abavuthiwe ngokocansi abanezingane nabesilisa, ngokungaphansi kwemibandela kunendima ye-inseminator kumholi. Lesi sakamuva, sizwa umncintiswano, sivame ukuxosha izimbangi, yingakho u-5-10% wesilisa uphila njengama-hermits.
I-Capybaras (kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane) inezindlala ezibhangqene ngaphambi kwendunu, ekhipha iphunga lomuntu ngamunye. Futhi imfihlo ekhishwa yindlala yesilisa ekhombisa isikhundla sayo emhlambini.
Indawo engamahektha ayi-1-10 (futhi kwesinye isikhathi amahektha angama-200) ehlala iqembu ibhalwe uketshezi lwamakhala nolwangemuva, noma kunjalo, kuba nemibango yombango. Ngendlela, umzabalazo wobuholi emhlambini owodwa awupheli ngokufa, kepha ukuphela okunjalo okufiphele kungenzeka uma abesilisa abavela emaqenjini ahlukene belwa.
Ngesikhathi semvula, ama-capybaras ahlakazeka endaweni enkulu, kepha isomiso siphoqa imihlambi ukuba ibuthane osebeni lomfula nolwandle. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhulu ama-capybaras aqoqana azungeze ichibi, kwesinye isikhathi anqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1 000 efuna umswakama onika impilo.
Ekuseni, izilwane zigcwala emaphethelweni amanzi. Ilanga elishisayo libaqhubela emanzini angajulile noma odakeni. Izingulube zamanzi eBurrow azimbi, kepha zibeka phansi ngqo... Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi ama-capybaras athatha kanjani ukuma okujwayelekile kwezinja, ehlezi okhalweni.
Zihlukile kwamanye amagundane ngokungabi namandla okubamba ukudla kwazo ngezidladla zangaphambili. Ukuphakama komsebenzi kubhekwa ngemuva kuka-4 ntambama nokuqala kokuhwalala, ngemuva kuka-20: 00. AmaCapybaras alala kancane, avuke phakathi kwamabili ukuze aziqabule.
Senze kahle izinhlobo ezimbili zokunyakaza komhlaba - ukushova nokuhamba. Uma kunengozi, bashiya isitha ngokugxuma okusheshayo. AmaCapybaras angababhukudi abahle kakhulu, abasizwa ulwelwesi lwamakhemikhali ahlukile kanye nobungqabavu obumangalisayo bamafutha.
Ama-capybaras angakhonkotha, amemeze, akhonkothe, ashaye ikhwela, ancwine, ashayele, ashaye futhi agaye amazinyo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukumemeza, njengokukhonkotha, basebenzisa ukuxwayisa umhlambi wosongo, nokuklwebha uma benobuhlungu noma ukukhathazeka. Ukuxhumana nezizukulwane, zikhipha imisindo echofozayo, futhi ukugaya amazinyo kuvame ukuhambisana nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa.
AmaCapybaras, agcinwa ekuthunjweni, afundile ukuncenga ukudla ngemisindo efana nemincintiswano.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izingulube zasemanzini ezingena kuma-zoo noma abanikazi abazimele zikhombisa isikhathi sokuphila esiphakeme kunezilwane ezihlala endle. Izigqila zihlala iminyaka engu-10-12, nama-capybaras amahhala - kusuka eminyakeni engu-6 kuye kwengu-10.
Ukudla, i-capybara diet
I-Capybaras yizilwane ezincelisayo ezidla kakhulu ezifaka ekudleni kwazo uhla oluningi lwezimila (ikakhulukazi ezinamaprotheni amaningi). Ukudla kwemvelo kwama-capybaras ngu:
- izitshalo ezinamanzi amancane (Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Reimarochloa acuta, Panicum laxum neRice Leersia);
- imifino yonyaka iParatheria prostrata;
- izinhlobo ezingamelana nesomiso ze-axonopus ne-Sporobolus indicus;
- i-sedge (ekupheleni kwenkathi yemvula);
- amagxolo nezithelo zezihlahla;
- ingulube, i-oxalis ne-crabgrass;
- hay nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izingulube zamanzi zivame ukuzulazula ziye emasimini anomoba, okusanhlamvu namakhabe, yingakho amagundane afakwa ohlwini lwabantu abamnyama njengezinambuzane zezolimo.
Yiba nembangi yokudla yokudla emadlelweni ngesikhathi sesomiso... Ama-caprophage angama-coprophage ajwayelekile adla indle yawo, esiza izilwane ukugaya i-cellulose equkethwe kokuphakelayo.
Ukuzala capybara
AmaCapybaras azitika ngothando lokuzijabulisa unyaka wonke, yize ekhwelana kaningi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula, eyenzeka ngo-Ephreli / Meyi eVenezuela nango-Okthoba / Novemba eBrazil.
Ukulungiselela ukuzala, uhhafu wesilisa uheha abalingani, umaka izitshalo ezizungezile ngezimfihlo zabo. Umjikelezo we-estrous wowesifazane uhlala izinsuku eziyi-7-9, kanti isigaba sokuthola sithatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuphela.
Owesilisa ulandela insikazi, evuthiwe ukulinywa, kuqala emhlabeni, bese emanzini angajulile. Lapho nje owesifazane eyekile, umlingani ujoyina ngemuva, enza ama-jerks angama-6-10. Imvamisa, insikazi ingamelana nokuya ocansini okungafika kuma-20 ngokuphazamiseka okuncane (ngomlingani oyedwa noma ohlukile).
Ukuzala kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-150... Ukuzalwa okuningi kwenzeka ngoSepthemba-Novemba. Owesifazane, njengomthetho, ubeletha kanye ngonyaka, kepha ukuzalwa okuphindaphindiwe kungenzeka, uma izitha zingakhathazeki futhi kunokudla okuningi nxazonke.
I-capybara ivunyelwe kusuka emthwalweni wezimo zaseSpartan, phansi, izala u-2 kuya ku-8 wamazinyo, embozwe ngoboya namazinyane abona ngokuphelele, ngalinye lidonsa i-1.5 kg. Zonke izinsikazi zomhlambi zinakekela inzalo, futhi umama wondla izingane ngobisi kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-3-4, yize ngemuva nje kokuzalwa zizifunela utshani bodwa.
Ukuzala kuma-capybaras kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-15-18, lapho zidla kuze kufike ku-30-40 kg.
Izitha zemvelo
ICapybaras, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obumangazayo, ayinabo abantu abambalwa abangabafuni. Ohlwini lwezitha zemvelo ze-capybara:
- izingulube;
- ama-jaguar;
- ama-caimans;
- ocelots;
- izingwenya;
- izinja zasendle;
- izinhlwathi.
Izinja zasendle zibeka engcupheni enkulu amagundane akhulayo, nawo azingelwa izinyoni ezidla inyama emndenini wamanqe, ikakhulukazi i-black catarta yaseMelika. AmaCapybaras afunde ukugwema izitha zomhlaba emanzini, ashiye kuphela amakhala abo ebusweni ukuze aphefumule.
Lo mlisa ubenesandla futhi ekwehliseni isibalo sezingulube zamanzi, uzibulalela inyama (efana nengulube), izigaxa ezibanzi (ezisetshenziselwa ubucwebe) nesikhumba (se-haberdashery).
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe eminyakeni engama-300 eyedlule, iSonto LamaKatolika laqaphela i-capybara ... njengenhlanzi ukuze amakholwa adle inyama yayo ngaphandle kwemingcele ngesikhathi seLente. Kamuva lesi sinqumo esingenangqondo sakhanselwa.
Kulezi zinsuku, ama-capybaras akhiqizwa emapulazini aseLatin America ukuze kukhishwe inyama yawo, isikhumba namafutha angaphansi (okukhiqizwa kwemithi). Amagundane asendle azulazula emasimini avame ukuwela ngaphansi kwesandla esishisayo sabalimi abanganelisekile ngokuminza kwabantu abangenayo.
Ukugcina i-capybara ekhaya
Lesi sigaxa esihle sithandwa kakhulu - izindawo ezikhethekile zinikeza ama-capybaras ngentengo yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120 nokuningi... Ngaphandle kwesimomondiya esiyisibonelo nokuhlanzeka okuphelele, abantu abacebile kuphela abanendlu yabo yezwe abazokwazi ukugcina i-capybara.
Uzodinga ukwakha i-aviary ebanzi ngezihlahla ezisakazekayo kanye nechibi (echibini noma echibini), futhi ebusika - indlu efakwe imishini. Kungcono ukuthena owesilisa (ngaphandle kowesifazane), ngoba, esefinyelele ebusheni, uzoqhubeka nokuhlukumeza inkosi yakhe. Ekuthunjweni, imenyu ye-capybara iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa yokufakwa kuyo:
- izithelo / imifino;
- amakhambi notshani;
- ukudla kwenja eyomile nokudla okusemathinini;
- ama-granules wamagundane.
Okubalulekile!Ukuze ugaye ama-incisors, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke amagatsha e-willow noma e-birch njalo.
Ngokuvamile, i-capybara inhle kakhulu endimeni yesilwane esifuywayo: ihamba phezu kwe-leash futhi ifundiswe namasu alula. I-capybara ethanjisiwe ivame ukuncenga uthando futhi ithande ukuklwebheka esiswini sayo, ivame ukulala ngasikhathi sinye.
