IPomeranian, eyaziwa kangcono njengePomeranian, iwuhlobo lwezinja zokuhlobisa noluthandwa ngendlela emangalisayo. Kweminye imifelandawonye ye-canine, kufaka phakathi i-FCI, iPomeranian ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zeSpitz yaseJalimane, kanti kwezinye, kufaka phakathi i-AKC, ikhethwe njengohlobo oluzimele, oluzimele ngokuphelele.
Umlando wemvelaphi yohlobo
Ekuqaleni eJalimane, izinja ezinombala omhlophe okhethekile zafuywa futhi zafuywa, ezazibizwa nge- "pommirl"... Izinja ezimnyama zazivame ukugcinwa eWürttemberg, lapho lolu hlobo lwalusetshenziswa khona ngenkuthalo ekuvikeleni izivini. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yomlando, ngaleso sikhathi, amaPomeranians ayemakhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunezihlobo zawo zesimanje, ngakho-ke ayevame ukusebenza njengokuvikela amakhaya abahlwempu nezikebhe zabo ezincane.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria, abakwaSpitz balethwa besuka ePomerania baya endaweni yaseNgilandi, lapho kwaqala khona umsebenzi onzima wokuzalisa amafomu amancane, ukuthuthukisa ingaphandle langaphandle nokunikeza isilwane inkimbinkimbi.
Abamele abahamba phambili beSpitz, okhuliswe ngabalimi baseNgilandi nabaseMelika, babesondele kakhulu ekubhekisweni kwamaPomeranians anamuhla. Impi Yezwe Yokuqala yabangela ukubhujiswa kwengxenye ebalulekile yabantu base-orange, ngakho-ke, ukubuyisela inani labantu, abalimi baseJalimane nabafuyi abangenisa izinja ezivela emazweni aseYurophu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama elithi Pomeranian linegama langempela esifundeni esingokomlando endaweni yaseJalimane yanamuhla, ezweni lethu ummeleli omncane kakhulu we-Spitz kudala abizwa ngokuthi yiZwerg Spitz.
Ukubukeka nencazelo
I-Pomeranian Spitz, njengohlobo oluthile, yaqala ukumila eJalimane, eGreat Britain naseMelika, eFrance naseHolland, kanye nasezweni lethu... Namuhla, izinhlobo ezintathu noma izinhlobo eziyinhloko zePomeranian ziyaziwa, kodwa izinja kuphela ezinobuso obuyisici se "fox" ezihlangabezana namazinga. Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili nazo ziya ngokuya zanda kakhulu kubazalisi minyaka yonke - lezi yi- "baby dollar" noma i-baby dоll, kanye "nohlobo lwebhere" noma i-teddy bear.
Amazinga okuzala
Izindinganiso zohlobo lwewolintshi zamukelwa ngochwepheshe baseMelika baseKennel Club, futhi bafanisa isilwane esifana nesilwane esinobukhulu obuhlukile bomzimba nomzimba, okunika umzimba isimo sikwele sokuqala. Kumenyezelwa amazinga enja ebamba iqhaza embukisweni:
- usayizi nesisindo;
- indawo yekhanda;
- umzimba;
- izidladla nezitho;
- uboya;
- Izici zombala;
- uhlobo lokuhamba;
- ubuntu.
Ngokuya ngamazinga asungulwe yi-AKC, uhlelo lwezinhlobo iPomeranian lune:
- enesisindo esisuka ku-1.4 kg kuye ku-3.2 kg, siyahambisana futhi sihlangene, kepha siqinile;
- ngokulingana nomzimba, ikhanda elimise okwekhanda;
- ubuqili ne "fox", ekhazimulayo, emnyama, emaphakathi, emise okwe-alimondi, ayimiswanga ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa hhayi amehlo asondele;
- izindlebe ezincane, ezimile, ezibekwe phezulu, kodwa hhayi ezibanzi;
- ugebhezi ekhanda kancane;
- ushintsho olungazelelwe olusuka ebunzini luye komncane, kepha ngaphandle kokucija, isifonyo;
- izindebe ezimnyama noma ezifanayo;
- impumulo emnyama noma ehambisana nombala;
- i-scissor bite, ayikho i-undershot noma i-undershot bite;
- kunalokho kufushane, kusethwe kahle futhi kuphakeme, futhi futhi kuhlangana kahle kokubunayo, ngentambo eqondile, intamo;
- eqinile, enezimbambo eziyindilinga nezindilinga, umzimba;
- ukujula ngokwanele hhayi isifuba esibanzi kakhulu;
- umsila ubekwe phezulu, eduze ngemuva.
- setha izindwani zamahlombe ezingaphambili, okungenxa yentamo yokuziqhenya futhi ephakanyiswe kakhulu;
- iqonde futhi iyafana komunye nomunye, ubude obuphakathi nendawo buhamba phambili ngamaphampu asezingeni
- imilenze yangemuva ene-metatarsus ebheke ngaphesheya emhlabathini futhi iyafana komunye nomunye, kanye nezindlwana ezingasetshenziswanga.
Ijazi le-orenji linengubo yangaphansi emfushane, ethambile futhi eminyene futhi elinengubo ende kodwa emaholo futhi ecwebezelayo eqinile lapho uthinta. Entanyeni kunesici "sekhola" esimele izinwele ezinde, ezijiyile, eziqondile neziphumayo. Kumsila kuphawulwe nejazi eliwugqinsi futhi imilenze yangaphambili inezimpaphe ezinhle. Emibukisweni yezinja ekhethwe obala, ku- "Open class", zonke izinja ezibonisiwe zihlukaniswe ngombala:
- okubomvu ngokugqamile;
- iwolintshi;
- ukhilimu;
- inyoni;
- okukhanyayo okumnyama;
- nsundu;
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- noma yimuphi omunye umbala okhanyayo owamukelekayo.
Yonke imibala ewolintshi eyaziwa ngohlobo ihlolwe ngokulinganayo. Lapho uhlola, kuvunyelwe ukuthi:
- noma yimuphi umbala oqinile;
- noma imuphi umbala oqinile onombala okhanyayo noma omnyama kusikimu sombala esifanayo;
- noma imuphi umbala oqinile onombala omnyama noma wesable;
- umbala obala;
- sable futhi black and tan.
Ukuhamba kwePomeranian kufanele kube bushelelezi, kukhululeke futhi kuthembeke... Uma ubukwa ngaphambili, izindololwane akufanele zivele ngaphandle, futhi ngemuva, akufanele kube nokusondelana noma isethi ebanzi yemilenze yangemuva.
Okubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha umbukiso iPomeranian, udinga ukunaka ngokukhethekile ubungako besilwane, okufanele sibukeke ngokukhalipha okungajwayelekile okuqagelwayo, umlingiswa ojabulayo futhi ojabule kakhulu nokuziphatha okuhambelana nohlobo.
Ubuntu bePomeranian
I-Spitz encane inesimo sokujabula nokudlala, ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokuzinikela okungenamkhawulo. Uhlobo olunjalo oludumile luhlanganiswe ngokumangazayo hhayi ukubukeka kokuhlobisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nomlingiswa onempilo, onesibindi. Ngosayizi wayo ohlangene, iSpitz ingazimela. Lesi silwane asinamahloni futhi kaningi sinesibindi esikhulu.
AbakwaSpitz bayakuthanda ukunyakaza, bakulungele ukuhamba amabanga amade nemidlalo esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuvivinya umzimba kuyadingeka ku-orange hhayi kuphela ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa, kepha futhi nokugcina impilo. Uhlobo olusebenzayo nolunamandla, njengomthetho, alikwazi ukuletha noma iyiphi inkinga ethile kumnikazi waleso silwane. Bonke abakwaSpitz balalela kakhulu, bahlukaniswa ngokuzinikela kwabo nobuhlakani babo, futhi bazama nokujabulisa inkosi yabo njalo ngomzuzwana.
Isici salolu hlobo futhi ukuthi i-Pomeranian spitz iboleka kahle emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni, ngaphandle kwalokho bavame ukuba nenkani futhi babe nenkani. I-Pomeranian ihlukaniswa nokuthambekela kokubusa, ngakho-ke inja enjalo, lapho ingekho imfundo, ingazama ukubusa hhayi ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela, kepha namalungu omndeni. Futhi, kwesinye isikhathi ubugovu bungalandelwa kumlingiswa we-Spitz, futhi lapho kuvela isilwane esisha endlini, iPomeranian iyakwazi ukukhombisa ulaka noma ukuzwakalisa ukunganeliseki.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sonke sokuphila kwesilwane esinemilenze emine sizoya ngqo ekunakekelweni ngendlela efanele nasekulandelweni kwemithetho yokugcina ekhaya... Ngokunakwa okufanele, iPomeranian Spitz iyakwazi ukugcina umdlandla womdlwane nokuba khona kwemimoya emihle iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu noma eyishumi nesithupha.
Okuqukethwe kwePomeranian
Isiqu esincane nosayizi ohlangene we-Pitzanian spitz kusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwesilwane esinjalo efulethini noma endlini yangasese. Akukho mehluko okhethekile kusuka ekunakekelweni kwezinye izinhlobo zezinja, kepha kukhona ama-nuances amaningi okufanele acatshangelwe.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela iPomeranian Spitz lapho igcinwe ekhaya imi ngokulandelayo:
- izinqubo zamanzi zenziwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu;
- ukomisa izinwele zenja kwenziwa kusetshenziswa okomisa izinwele;
- udinga ukusika uzipho ngezinsipho ezikhethekile;
- ukukhipha izikelemu kufanele kwenziwe njalo;
- kusuka ectoparasites ehlobo, kusetshenziswa amakhola akhethekile, izifutho, amaconsi nama-shampoo;
- ukuhlolwa njalo komlomo, izindlebe namehlo;
- geza amehlo akho ngesiponji, ngaphambilini simanziswe ngamanzi afudumele futhi abilisiwe;
- udinga ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngomuthi wokuxubha okhethekile amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamazinyo ezinzima.
Omata bavame ukwakheka endaweni yeziphethu, kanye nangemva kwezindlebe naphakathi kwezinzwani. Kuvunyelwe ukusika izinwele ezungeze imilenze, kuze kufike ezingubeni, futhi nokususa izinwele ezivelayo emaphethelweni wezindlebe kanye nendunu yenja.
I-Orange ayinakwenzeka kuphela, kepha futhi idinga ukusikwa kahle, ngesikhathi esifanele. Abalungisa izinwele bezinja bakulungele ukunikela ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinwele zansuku zonke futhi babonise okulungele uhlobo olunjalo oluncane. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa futhi wenza ikama elijwayelekile, inja ichitha cishe ngokungabonakali, futhi uboya abuzungezi indlu futhi abuhlali ezintweni zangaphakathi.
Ukudla kwesiPomeranian
Iwolintshi lingadliwa ngemikhiqizo yemvelo noma izabelo ezikhethekile ezilungiselelwe. Izinzuzo zendlela yesibili zifaka:
- ukonga isikhathi nomzamo wokupheka;
- ukwakheka okulinganiselayo kahle;
- akukho ukungezwa kokuphakelayo ngezithasiselo ezikhethekile;
- ukugcinwa kalula nokuthuthwa.
Okubi kwalolu khetho lokudla kumelwe ngentengo ephezulu kanye nesidingo sokuthenga kuphela izinhlobo ezibiza kakhulu zesabelo.... Ukwakheka kokuphakelayo okuphelele kufanele kufaka imifino nezinhlamvu, amavithamini namafutha, amaminerali kanye nezithako zokuzivikela. Okufakazelwe kahle kakhulu:
- Ukudla kwaseCanada uNоw Nвturвl Holistiс enenyama yemvelo, izithelo nemifino, ngaphandle kobukhona bamabele;
- umugqa wokuphakelwa kwePurina Pro Plan enezinhlobonhlobo zokunambitheka nokwakheka okuhlose ukuqinisa ngokuphelele amasosha omzimba ezilwane;
- Ukudla okulinganiselayo iRoyal Canin enenkinga yamavithamini namaminerali ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine impilo yesilwane sakho.
Imenyu ephelele yePomeranian yemvelo kufanele yethulwe:
- inyama eqoshiwe ngendlela yenkomo yenkomo noma iwundlu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-offal;
- ukungabi namathambo futhi kusikwe izingcezu ezincane zezinhlanzi zomfula ngendlela ebilisiwe nezinhlanzi zasolwandle ngendlela eluhlaza;
- amaqanda abilisiwe;
- imikhiqizo yobisi evutshiwe ngendlela ye-non-acidic cottage shizi noma i-kefir;
- irayisi, i-buckwheat noma i-oatmeal;
- imifino egayiwe kahle exutshwe namafutha yemifino, eluhlaza noma isitshulu;
- imifino nezithelo.
Ngamazinyo nokuthuthukiswa kwemisipha yomhlathi, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ama-croutons e-Pomeranian routons namathambo akhethekile okuhlafuna. Akuvunyelwe neze ukondla inja ngofulawa namaqebelengwane, amazambane no-beet, imidumba, ushokoledi namanye amaswidi, i-semolina nephalishi lamabele, kanye nokudla okunosawoti nokubabayo, okunamafutha nokubhema, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti. Futhi, awukwazi ukunikeza isoseji sakho sesilwane, ingulube kanye nokudla ngezinongo..
Okubalulekile! Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, akumele utotose umdlwane kanye nePomeranian endala ngaphandle kwesheduli yokudla ngama "sweets", futhi weqise isilwane sakho ngokweqile. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zokukhuluphala ngokweqile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubuyekezwe ukudla, kungafaki izinto ezinamafutha nezingagayeki kahle, futhi kuncishiswe izingxenye ezithile.
Izifo nezinkinga zokuzala
I-Dwarf Spitz ingumphumela womsebenzi onzima nowesikhathi eside wezazi zofuzo, ngakho-ke, ingxenye ebalulekile yezifo zohlobo oluzalwe ngokuhlotshaniswa ihlobene ngqo nosayizi wenja:
- izinkinga ngomlomo namazinyo, kuhambisana nokubonakala kwephunga elibukhali futhi elingathandeki;
- ukuphazanyiswa kokusebenza okufanele kwesisu namathumbu;
- izifo ezihambisana nezicubu zesibindi;
- ukuphuma kwamazinyo;
- ushintsho olubiziwe ngokulunywa;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha namalunga wezitho;
- ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukaniswa kwamalunga emadolo;
- ukuphuka nokuhamba kwamathambo;
- ama-spasms engxenye ye-cartilaginous ye-larynx;
- ukukhishwa ngokweqile;
- i-anomaly ye-lacrimal duct yeso;
- okuqhubekayo kokuzalwa kokubeletha kwe-retrophy.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, hypoglycemia, dwarfism noma dwarfism eyeqile, ukuhlangana okungaphelele kwamathambo e-cranial, ukuconsa kobuchopho - i-hydrocephalus, i-hypothyroidism ezelwe noma etholwe, kanye nesimila samasende kanye ne-cryptorchidism kwabesilisa sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ePomeranian.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuzala kanye nokungafaneleki zifaka:
- indilinga eyindilinga, eyindilinga;
- isidlo;
- ama-oblique pasterns;
- ukuphefumula kwenkomo;
- ijazi elithambile, elingalingani kahle noma elimi ngokungafanele;
- ukugunda izinwele ngokweqile endaweni;
- isifuba esimhlophe, izidladla noma izitho zezinja ezinombala oqinile, ngaphandle kokumhlophe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinzwane zesihlanu ezingaphambili zingakwazi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zidinga nokususwa. Futhi, iziphambeko zamazolo ezithambo zangemuva ziyasuswa.
Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa
Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kwandulelwe ukukhuliswa okufanele kwesilwane kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokutholwa kwaso, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuba umdlwane uvumelane nezimo ezintsha. Njengomthetho, imidlwane izama ukubhekana nezidingo zayo zemvelo ngokushesha ngemuva kokulala noma ngqo ngemuva kokudla, ngakho-ke udinga ukutshala isilwane sakho njalo kuthileyi ekhethekile noma inabukeni elihlanzekile.
Ukuze iPomeranian ijwayele izinqubo zenhlanzeko eziyisisekelo, kusukela isencane, udinga ukujwayeza isilwane ukugeza, ukusika, ukubheka izindlebe namehlo, nokusika uzipho.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwenziwa njalo, futhi amakhefu amade awathandeki, ngoba i-spitz ingakhohlwa umyalo osuvele ukwazi... Ngaphambi kokufundisa umyalo omusha, amakhono afundiwe ayaphindwa futhi aqiniswe. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uklomelise isilwane sakho ngokuqonda nangokulandela umyalo ngendlela efanele.
Hhayi kuphela ukwelashwa okuthandwa yinja, kepha futhi nokudumisa kungasetshenziswa njengomvuzo. Imiyalo eyinhloko, eyisisekelo, okumele yenziwe kahle yiPomeranian Spitz, kufanele iphathwe ngokunakwa okukhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokuqala amakilasi, kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngeminyaka yobudala bohlobo, kanye nesikhathi esifanele sokuqeqesha isilwane:
- ngenyanga nohhafu - isidlaliso, "Indawo", "Awukwazi" nesithi "Fu";
- ezinyangeni ezimbili - "Kimi" nokuthi "Hlala";
- ezinyangeni ezintathu - "ukulala phansi";
- ezinyangeni ezine - "Yima";
- ezinyangeni ezinhlanu - "Ungakwazi", "Okuseduze" nokuthi "Nikeza";
- ezinyangeni eziyisithupha - "Linda", "Izwi", "Hamba" kanye ne- "Aport".
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, iPomeranian Spitz ihlala inentshiseko enkulu ngokuqeqeshwa, futhi iyakuthanda kakhulu ukuvivinya umzimba. Yingakho isilwane sifunda kalula futhi ngokushesha hhayi imiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, enembile: "Walk" ne "Voice", "Aport" ne "Give" noma "Give a paw", kanye ne- "Wait". Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungasebenzi ngokweqile iPomeranian ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Akuvunyelwe ukunikeza isilwane esiphindaphindwayo noma esingabekezeleleki ngenxa yobudala, imiyalo nemisebenzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akuwenzi mqondo neze ukuqeqesha iPomeranian Spitz, umyalo odumile we-FAS phakathi kwabafuyi bezinja, namanye amakhono, ngoba awadingeki ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane balolu hlobo lwenja.
Thenga iPomeranian
Ungathenga umdlwane wewolintshi kubo bobabili abalimi abazimele kanye nasezinkulisa eziningi ezikhethekile ezizalela lolu hlobo. Njengomthetho, kuyindlela yesibili yokuthenga eqinisekisa ukutholwa komdlwane ongenampilo futhi onempilo osethole izikelemu nokugoma okuyisisekelo, futhi unayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo nomkhiqizo.
Yini okufanele uyibheke
Kungcono ukuthola umdlwane eneminyaka eyinyanga eyodwa nengxenye noma izinyanga ezimbili, lapho inja iqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukudla okuqinile nokuhlukahlukene. Lapho ukhetha isilwane kumfuyi wangasese noma enkulisa, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangele:
- ukuhamba nokusebenza kwesilwane;
- impilo yomhlathi namazinyo;
- kuhlanzekile ngaphakathi kwezindlebe;
- izinwele ezihlanzekile neziphaphathekile ngaphandle kwe-dandruff;
- isikhumba ngaphandle kokulimala, ukuhlukumezeka kanye nezimagqabhagqaba ezinempandla;
- ukungabikho kwe-hernia ye-umbilical ne-inguinal;
- amehlo ahlanzekile futhi acwebezelayo;
- ikhala elipholile ngaphandle kokukhipha;
- ulimi oluhlanzekile, olupinki nezinsini;
- izitho zomzimba ezinempilo nezilinganayo.
Umfuyi ophethe kahle uthengisa imidlwane ngephasipoti yezilwane, equkethe imininingwane ephelele ngemigomo yokugoma eyenziwayo kanye nezayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokutholwa, esigabeni sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, i-orange kufanele iphephe ngokuphelele, ngoba imidlwane yalolu hlobo isengozini yokubhalwa nokubandayo, ukudla okungekho ezingeni noma amanzi.
Intengo yohlobo lwezinja iPomeranian
Izindleko ezijwayelekile ze-miniature noma i-Pomeranian ezinkulisa ezahlukahlukene zingahluka kakhulu:
- Intengo yomdlwane wewolintshi, ozoba umngane onomusa nothando, imvamisa ayidluli ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-25;
- Intengo yomdlwane, okufanele ikhonjiswe ngokuzayo embukisweni wezinja nasemincintiswaneni, imvamisa kuba ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-45;
- Intengo yomdlwane, engasetshenziswa kamuva emsebenzini wokuzalisa, iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45-50.
Imidlwane yamawolintshi ebiza kakhulu ihlale inezici ezinhle zokuzala kanye nohlu lozalo olumsulwa, futhi ibuye ibe ne-anatomy enhle kakhulu enamathambo aqinile nesakhiwo esifanele sejazi.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
IPomeranian Spitz nakanjani ayikwazi nhlobo ukuzwana endlini eyodwa nabanikazi abangamavila nabangenzi lutho... Lolu hlobo ludinga umsebenzi, luvumela isilwane ukuthi sikhiphe ngokuphelele wonke amandla anqwabelene. Noma kunjalo, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi iSpitz ivame ukuba ngabangane abahle kakhulu bezingane ezisakhula kanye nabantu abadala abaphila impilo esebenzayo.
Lapho ukhetha iPomeranian njengesilwane esifuywayo, izici eziningana zokuzalela zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Isici esivelele sokubukeka ukuma okumi mpo kwejazi, okunikeza isilwane ukubukeka kwangempela futhi okukhangayo, okubukeka njenge "fluffy". Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ngokukhonkotha ngokweqile nezwi elikhala kakhulu, eliba njalo futhi licasule ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho mfundo edingekayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nasemndenini, iPomeranian Spitz iyaqonda. Uma isilwane esinjalo sizwa ukuntuleka kokubekezela komnikazi enqubeni yokufunda, khona-ke kungahle kuqale ukuba nenkani futhi sikwazi ukungakunaki ukwenziwa kwanoma imiphi imiyalo.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuncane ngokweqile, amaPomeranians aziveza njengezilwane ezinkulu nezingesabi, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhlasela izinja eziphindwe kaningana ubudala nobukhulu bazo.
