I-steppe harrier (Сirсus macrourus) iyinhlobo esengozini yokushabalala, inyoni efudukayo yezilwane yomndeni woKlebe kanye ne-oda elime njengoKlebe.
Ukubukeka nencazelo
Abesilisa abadala abavuthiwe ngokobulili bahlukaniswa ngomhlane ompunga okhanyayo futhi babonakala emahlombe amnyama, futhi banendawo yesihlathi esimhlophe namashiya akhanyayo.... Umzimba ongezansi ubonakala ngompunga okhanyayo, cishe izimpaphe ezimhlophe ngokuphelele. Wonke amaphiko endiza yesibili anombala omlotha-mpunga futhi abizwa ngokuhleleka okumhlophe.
Izimpaphe zezinyoni zinombala omhlophe ofanayo ngaphakathi. I-Uppertail ilula, ine-edging-gray grey I-steppe harrier inomlomo omnyama no-iris ophuzi nemilenze. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba sowesilisa osekhulile singama-44-46 cm.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wabantu besifazane asebekhulile abavuthiwe ngokocansi imnyama, futhi ikhanda nendawo engemuva kwentamo zinombala ohluke kakhulu. Ingxenye engenhla yamaphiko nezembozo zezimpaphe ezincane inamathiphu wokuhlela nokubomvu. Indawo engaphambili, amashiya namabala ngaphansi kwamehlo zimhlophe.
Izihlathi zinombala onsundu onsundu, zinombala onsundu kancane. I-Uppertail imhlophe mhlophe, inamahlangothi amnyama ansundu noma amachashazi. Emsileni, izimpaphe ezimaphakathi zinombala onsundu, onemigqa evundlile emnyama nansundu. I-Undertail ibomvu ngokubomvu noma iyakhazimula ngombala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izindwangu ezingaphansi ziyi-beige, enamabala ansundu nemithambo emnyama. I-wax inombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, i-iris inombala onsundu, nemilenze iphuzi. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba sowesifazane omdala singama-45-51 cm.
Indawo nokusatshalaliswa
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezisengozini yezinyoni ezidla inyama zivame kakhulu:
- ezingxenyeni ze-steppe eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, kanye nasentshonalanga kuya eDobrudzha naseBelarus;
- e-Asia, eduze naseDzungaria nase-Altai Territory, kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTransbaikalia;
- indawo esenyakatho yendawo yokusabalalisa ifinyelela cishe eMoscow, eRyazan naseTula, kanye naseKazan naseKirov;
- ngesikhathi sasehlobo, iminyaka yezinyoni yaqoshwa ngase-Arkhangelsk naseSiberia, kanye nasendaweni yaseTyumen, eKrasnoyarsk nase-Omsk;
- ingxenye enkulu yabantu imelwe engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, kufaka phakathi iCrimea neCaucasus, kanye nensimu ye-Iran neTurkestan.
Inani elincane lezinyoni lihlala eSweden, eJalimane, emazweni aseBaltic, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMongolia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ebusika, i-steppe harrier ikhetha i-India neBurma, iMesopotamiya ne-Iran, kanye nezinye izifunda ezingenamifino e-Afrika kanye nenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeCaucasus.
Indlela yokuphila ye-steppe harrier
Yonke indlela yokuphila yenyoni edla inyama njenge-steppe harrier ihlotshaniswa nendawo evulekile impela, emelwe ama-steppes nama-semi-desert. Le nyoni ivame ukuhlala futhi eduze nomhlaba wezolimo noma endaweni yamahlathi.
Izidleke ze-steppe harrier zitholakala ngqo emhlabathini, zithanda izintaba ezincane... Imvamisa ungathola izidleke zenyoni enjalo emhlangeni. Ukubeka amaqanda okusebenzayo kuvame ukwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-steppe harrier yizinhlobo ezisengozini ezisesigabeni sezinyoni ezifudukayo, futhi inani labantu lingaguquguquka ngokuphawulekayo unyaka nonyaka.
Ukundiza kwenyoni endala akujahile futhi kubushelelezi ngokwanele, ngokunyakaza okuncane kodwa okubonakalayo. Idatha yezwi ye-steppe harrier ayilingani. Izwi lenyoni endala lifana nokudlikiza, futhi limelelwa yimisindo engazinzile ngokuphelele "pyrrh-pyrrh", kwesinye isikhathi ephenduka isimemezelo esikhulu kakhulu futhi esivamile esithi "geek-geek-geek".
Ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla
I-steppe harrier izingela hhayi nje kuphela ukuhamba, kodwa futhi nokuhlala nje ebusweni benyamazane yomhlaba. Indawo esemqoka embusweni wokudla wesilwane esinjalo kuhlala amagundane amancane nezilwane ezincelisayo, kanye nezibankwa, izinyoni ezidla phansi nezinkukhu zazo.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-steppe harrier:
- ama-voles namagundane;
- iparsley;
- ama-hamsters;
- ama-gopher aphakathi nendawo;
- izibhamu;
- i-steppe horse;
- izigwaca;
- ukukhonkotha;
- i-grouse encane;
- amatshwele esikhova esifushane;
- izinyoni.
E-Altai Krai, i-steppe harrier idla ngokuthokoza izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi amabhungane, izinkumbi, izintethe kanye nojekamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Indawo yokuzingela ye-steppe harrier incane, futhi izungezwa yinyoni endaweni ephansi, ngokuya ngomzila ochazwe ngokuqinile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukundiza kwe-steppe harrier yesilisa kushintsha kakhulu. Le nyoni ikwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu kakhulu, bese idlulela echibini elinama-flip flip. Lolu hlobo "lomdanso wokukhwelana" luhambisana nokumemeza okukhulu ngokwanele lapho usondela esidlekeni.
Izidleke zihlukaniswa ngomklamo olula kakhulu, usayizi omncane kakhulu nethileyi elingajulile... Kaningi, isidleke simelelwa umgodi wendabuko ozungezwe ngotshani obomile. Ukuqubuka kubekwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, futhi inani eliphelele lamaqanda livame ukuhluka lisuka kwamathathu kuye kwayisihlanu noma ayisithupha.
Umbala wegobolondo leqanda ikakhulukazi umhlophe, kepha futhi ungaba mncane ngosayizi, ungqimba olunsundu. Abesifazane kuphela ababandakanyeka ekufukameleni i-clutch inyanga yonke.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amachwane e-Steppe harrier aqanduselwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Amantshontsho endiza alesi silwane avela cishe maphakathi noJulayi, futhi wonke ama-broods we-harrier agcinwa ndawonye kuze kufike ukuqala kuka-Agasti.
Yiduna kuphela elondla i-clutch efukamelayo, kanye namachwane asanda kuchanyuselwa, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana insikazi iqala ukushiya isidleke futhi izingele yodwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ubude besikhathi sokuphila se-steppe harrier, njengomthetho, abudluli emashumini amabili eminyaka.
Isimo sabantu bezinhlobo
Isitha esikhulu se-steppe harrier endle ukhozi oludlayo lwe-steppe. Kodwa-ke, lesi sidlakudla esinezimpaphe asikwazi ukudala umonakalo ongalungiseki enanini eliphelele le-steppe harrier, ngakho-ke, isici esibi kakhulu esithinta kabi inani lalezi zinhlobo ngumsebenzi wezomnotho osebenzayo wabantu.
I-steppe harrier ibhalwe ku-Red Book, kanti inani labantu namuhla alidluli izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane zabantu noma izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.
