Ibhubesi yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama futhi liyilungu lohlobo lwe-panther lomndeni omkhulu wekati. Namuhla, ibhubesi lingelinye lamakati amakhulu kunawo wonke, futhi isisindo esilinganisiwe sesilisa sama-subspecies amancane angama-250 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwesilwane esidlayo
Ngezigaba zokuqala, izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili eziyinhloko zebhubesi zazihlukaniswa ngokwesiko, kanti ibhubesi laseBarbari lalithathwa njengelikhulu kunawo wonke. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo ze-subspecies zazimelwe usayizi nokubukeka kwemane. Umehluko ongabalulekile kulesi sici, kanye nokwenzeka kokuhlukahluka okungafani komuntu ngamunye, kuvumele ososayensi ukuqeda ukuhlukaniswa kokuqala.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuthi kugcinwe izinhlobo ezingaphansi eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela zebhubesi:
- ama-subspecies ase-Asia, aziwa kangcono njengengonyama yasePheresiya noma yaseNdiya, enomzimba ongaxakile hhayi umhlwenga omkhulu;
- aqothulwe ngokuphelele ngumuntu, iBarbary noma iBarbary lion, enomzimba omkhulu kanye nomhlwathi onombala omnyama, obukhulu;
- ibhubesi laseSenegal noma laseNtshonalanga Afrika, isici salo esinengubo ekhanyayo, umzimba omaphakathi nentshe encane noma engekho ngokuphelele;
- Ingonyama yaseNyakatho yeCongo iyinhlobo yesilwane esingajwayelekile esingeyomndeni we-feline futhi ifana kakhulu nezinye izihlobo zase-Afrika;
- ibhubesi leMasai noma laseMpumalanga Afrika, elibonakala ngezitho ezinwetshiwe futhi liyingqayizivele, njengokungathi "likama" emuva;
- ibhubesi eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika noma iKatanga, elinama-subspecies aphawuleka kakhulu, umbala okhanyayo ebusweni bonke bomzimba;
- izinhlobo ezingasekho zaphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye - ingonyama yaseKapa.
Kepha okuthakazelisa kakhulu phakathi kwabakhileyo ngabantu abamhlophe futhi Ingonyama emnyama... Vele, amabhubesi amhlophe awawona ama-subspecies, kepha angaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane zasendle ezinesifo sofuzo - i-leukism, ebangela umbala webala lokukhanya. Abantu abanjalo abanemibala yangempela bagcinwa endaweni yaseKruger National Park, kanye naseTimbavati Reserve, esempumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Amabhubesi amhlophe nakagolide abizwa ngama-albino kanye nama-leucists. Ukuba khona kwamabhubesi amnyama kusadala izingxabano eziningi futhi kubuzwa kakhulu ngososayensi.
Ingonyama emnyama emvelweni - ithiyori nokwenza
Isimo se-albinism, esivezwa ngombala omhlophe ongenacharacteristic, saziwa ukuthi siphikiswa yi-melanism, evame ukubonwa kubantu bezingwe nezingwe. Lo mkhuba wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzalwa kwabantu abanombala webhantshi omnyama ongajwayelekile.
Izilwane zasendle-ama-melanists athathwa njengohlobo lwezicukuthwane emhlabeni wezimo zemvelo. Isilwane esinjalo sithola umbala omnyama ngenxa yobuningi be-melanin esikhunjeni. Amazinga akhuphukile wombala omnyama angatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezilwane, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-arthropod kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngokombono, ibhubesi elimnyama ingazalwa kahle, zombili ezimweni zemvelo noma zemvelo, nasekuthunjweni.
Njengomthetho, i-melanism idalwa yizinqubo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ngakho-ke umuntu uthola umbala omnyama ongenacharacteristic ukuze asinde futhi akwazi ukuzala kabusha lapho kukhona izinto zangaphandle ezingathandeki.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwe-melanism, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingacishe zingabonakali ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo lesi sici sinikeza izinzuzo ezithile futhi sisiza ukuzingela ngempumelelo ebusuku.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-melanin ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yesilwane, okuwukuthi ngenxa yekhono lezingulube lokumunca inani elikhulu lemisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi livimbele ukulimala kwemisebe. Futhi, ososayensi bathole ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo zinokukhuthazela okuphelele futhi zivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nempilo ezimweni ezingezinhle, ngakho-ke ibhubesi elimnyama emvelweni kungenzeka ukuthi wasinda.
Ingabe kukhona ibhubesi elimnyama
Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezivame kakhulu, ukubonakala kombala omnyama kuvame ukubonakala emndenini we-feline. Ezaziwayo emvelweni futhi ezifundwa ososayensi abaningi izingwe, ama-cougars nama-jaguar, umzimba wawo ombozwe ngoboya obumnyama.
Izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-panther amnyama". Cishe uhhafu wabo bonke abantu bezingwe abahlala eMalaysia banombala omnyama ongajwayelekile. Inani elikhulu labantu abamnyama bahlala eNhlonhlweni yaseMalacca nasesiqhingini saseJava, kanye nase-Aberdare Ridge enkabeni yeKenya.
Ingonyama emnyama, isithombe okuvame ukutholakala ku-Intanethi, ingahlala ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi, lapho isilwane esimnyama singabonakala khona kakhulu. Cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu yocwaningo eshicilelwe ku-New Scientist iyalisekela iqiniso lokuthi i-melanism ingadingeka emzimbeni wesilwane ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic.
Izici ezinesikhumba kucatshangwa ukuthi zinikeza izilwane ezidla ezinye izifo ngokuzivikela ezifweni eziningi zamagciwane. Mhlawumbe uma ibhubesi elimnyama labanjwa kuvidiyo, kungaba lula kakhulu ukuthola iqiniso ngokusatshalaliswa kwalo.
Ingonyama emnyama - ukuvezwa
Ukuzethemba kwama-cryptozoologists ekubeni khona kwamabhubesi amnyama, namuhla, akusekelwa yinoma yimaphi amaqiniso abhaliwe. Ngokombono wabo, amabhubesi amnyama, anabantu abambalwa kuphela emhlabeni, kungenzeka ihlale ePersia nase-Okovango. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezinombala omnyama, ezingashintshi kangako ekuzingeleni kule ndwangu, ngeke zikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okwanele, amathuba okusabalala kwazo angabi zero.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuba khona kwamabhubesi anjalo ngokuba khona kwezithombe zesilwane esimnyama ezijazi zezingubo noma kumagama ezinkantini zesiNgisi nakho kuyinto exakile. Ukulandela lo mqondo, amabhubesi anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu nawo kufanele abekhona ezimweni zemvelo. Ngokuqondene nezithombe zebhubesi elimnyama, eziqoqe ukubukwa okungenakubalwa ku-Intanethi esikhathini esifushane futhi zabangela injabulo engachazeki yabalandeli bayo yonke into engajwayelekile, zimane nje ziyi-Photoshop futhi ephumelele kakhulu.
