Namuhla emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amathathu kuphela zofudu, okukhona kuzo izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa kuphela ezweni lethu. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingqayizivele zihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela kwazo okukhulu nobungqabavu obumangalisayo. Isici sefudu ufudu oluhle kakhulu amasosha omzimba, abhekana kalula nezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi akhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba ngokushesha. Isilwane sikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngisho nangaphandle kokudla.
Umsuka wofudu
Izingqondo zososayensi abaningi zisamatasa nombuzo wemvelaphi yofudu. Ukhokho ojwayelekile uthathwa njengama-Permian cotylosaurs noma ama-eunotosaurs. Lesi sincane futhi esifana ncamashi nesilwane sesibankwa sasendulo sasinezimbambo ezifushane futhi ezibanzi ezanele, ezihlangene zakha uhlobo lwegobolondo lesihlangu endaweni engemuva.
Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi izimfudu zazivela eqenjini elikhethekile lama-parareptiles, okwakuyinzalo ye-discosaurisk yama-amphibian. Isibonelo sokuqala, esidala kakhulu esawela ezandleni zososayensi kwakungu-Odontochelys semitestacea, owaziwa kakhulu emibuthanweni yesayensi. Lolu fudu lwaluphawuleka ngokuba khona kwengxenye engezansi yegobolondo, kanye namazinyo, angenazo nhlobo izinhlobo zesimanje. Ufudu lwesibili oludala kunawo wonke yiProganochelys quenstedti. Lesi silwane sasinogobolondo oluphelele nolwakhiwe kahle, futhi sasinamazinyo.
Izimfudu zomhlaba ezinkulu kakhulu zohlobo lweMeiolania zazinegobolondo elalivame ukudlula amamitha amabili ubude.... Ngaphezu kwegobolondo elikhulu, lesi silwane sasinomsila omude kakhulu futhi onamandla amakhulu, owawuhlotshiswe ngemicu yamathambo eyisicaba ehlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngokuba khona kogebhezi olunxantathu, lapho kunqenqemeni, uhlobo oluphaphathekile, olunezinsipho emuva nangasemuva.
Zihlala kanjani izimfudu
Umcabango wokuthi ngokuphelele zonke izimfudu ziyizibindi ezinde akuyona enye into edukisayo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi yinye kuphela inhlobo - ufudu omkhulu waseGalapagos - engaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezinye izinhlobo, njengomthetho, asidluli eminyakeni engama-20-30.... Ufudu lwaseBalkan emvelweni aluphili ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, kanti abanye babantu bezimfudu zaseMedithera nababomvu bangaphila iminyaka engamashumi amane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ufudu lwezindlovu okuthiwa uGarietta lwaphila iminyaka eyi-175, kanti ufudu olukhazimulayo lwaseMadagascar uTui-Malila waphila cishe iminyaka eyi-188. Amanye ama-livers amade ayaziwa phakathi kwalaba bameleli bezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ufudu olukhulu lunokuhamba kancane komzimba, ngakho-ke kufanele lube olwezinhlobo eziphila isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Lesi silwane sikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kokudla namanzi unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Ufudu lubonakala ngokuba khona kwesikhumba esishwabene emzimbeni nokuhamba kancane kakhulu kokuhamba, kanye nokukwazi ukwehlisa ijubane nokumisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngakho inqubo yokuguga icishe ingabonakali. Ufudu kuyaqabukela lufa ngezimbangela zemvelo. Njengomthetho, isilwane sibulawa yi-microflora ye-pathogenic noma siba isisulu somzingeli.
Izimfudu ezimweni zemvelo
Isilwane siphila impilo yodwa. Ipheya lifunwa kuphela ngenkathi yesikhathi sokukhwelana noma ukulungiselela ubusika. Ukudla, izimfudu zomhlaba zisebenzisa ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zamanzi angenasawoti ziyizilwane ezidla inyama futhi zondla izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, ama-arthropods, nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Izimfudu zasolwandle zimelwe yizinhlobo ezidla inyama, ezidla omnivorous nezidla kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izinhlobo ezihlukene zofudu zihlala engxenyeni ebalulekile yomhlaba namanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezipholile. Ezweni lakithi, ungathola i-loggerhead, isikhumba, i-Far Eastern, i-marsh, i-Caspian ne-Mediterranean.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesibalo sezimfudu ukuthunjwa kwalezi zilwane ukuze kutholakale inyama yenani eliphakeme, elibhekwa njengesibiliboco. Umkhiqizo onjalo udliwa ungaphekiwe, ubilisiwe futhi uthosiwe. Amagobolondo wofudu asetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza ubucwebe bendabuko besifazane baseJapan. Inani lezinhlobo ezithile zezimfudu zomhlaba liyancipha ngenxa yokuhlalwa kwezindawo ezihlala ngokwesintu ngabantu.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Izinhlobo ezincane zezimfudu zomhlaba nezamanzi angenasawoti zijabulele impumelelo enkulu eminyakeni yamuva njengezilwane ezingenasizotha nezokuqala kakhulu. Lapho sigcinwa ekuthunjweni, isilwane kufanele sibekwe endaweni yezilwane, i-aqua terrarium noma i-aquarium. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yesondlo kuncike kuzimpawu zendlela yokuphila yohlobo ngalunye. Izimo zokondla nokunakekela okungafanele zivame ukuba imbangela enkulu yokufa ekhaya.
Okuqukethwe izinhlobo zezinyoni zasemanzini
Ekhaya, okuvame kakhulu ama-red-eared, musky, Caspian, silt noma loggerhead, marsh turtle, kanye ne-Chinese Trionix. Kulezi zinhlobo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe:
- i-aquarium ebanzi;
- isibani se-ultraviolet esishisa isiqhingi somhlaba esihlala engxenyeni yesithathu yendawo ephelele ye-aquarium;
- uhlelo lokuhlunga;
- okuphakelayo okukhethekile okuphezulu.
Izinhlanzi, inyama eluhlaza eqoshiwe, izikelemu, amagundane, amaxoxo amancane, iminenke, kanye nokudla kwezitshalo ezifana nemifino, ama-apula, ubhanana kanye nolwelwe kungasetshenziswa njengokuphakelwa kwemvelo. Ungakusebenzisela ukondla izilwane ezifuywayo ngokukhethekile okunokulinganisela ngokuqukethwe okwanele kokulandela ngomkhondo izinto namavithamini. Ufudu oluncane ludinga ukondliwa nsuku zonke... Abantu abadala nabantu abakheke kahle kufanele bathole ukudla njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Zonke izinhlobo zezimfudu zinezintambo zomlomo ezingakhuli kahle, kepha, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zingxube ziyakwazi ukushaya umsindo ngokwanele, okuzivumela ukuthi zethuse izitha futhi ziveze ukungenami kwazo.
Ukushisa kwemvelo yasemanzini kufanele kugcinwe ku-26-28 ° C, futhi isiqhingi esiphumulile kufanele sishiswe kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingu-30-32 ° C. Kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile ubumsulwa bamanzi, kwenziwe ukufakwa kwawo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Okuqukethwe kwezinhlobo zomhlaba
Lezi zinhlobo zigcinwa ezindaweni ezisobala. Ukuze ufudu naphakathi kufanele kwabiwe umthamo ivolumu ka 80-100 amalitha... Ngezansi, udinga ukugcwalisa amatshe omfula ageziwe futhi omile onengqimba yamasentimitha ayi-5. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze ufudu lwasemhlabeni ngechibi elincane lokugeza eligcwele amanzi afudumele nahlanzekile. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwesibani sokushisa kufanele kube cishe ama-watts ngelitha ngalinye levolumu ebiyelwe. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu kufanele libe ngu-18-30 ° C.
Izinhlobo zasemhlabeni yizimfudu ezidla imifino, ngakho-ke ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ekudleni kwezitshalo okungama-90%. Cishe i-10% yokudla kungukudla kwesilwane ngokufakwa kwezakhiwo zamaminerali namavithamini. Udinga ukondla ufudu lwakho ngenhlanganisela eqoshiwe yamakhambi, imifino nezithelo, kufakwa ne-bran, isidlo se-soya, i-cottage shizi, imvubelo eyomile, imifino yasolwandle, inyama egayiwe neqanda elibilisiwe.
Lapho zigcinwa ekhaya, izimfudu azivamile ukulala ubusika bonke. Uma isilwane sibonakala singaphilile ngokuphelele, futhi futhi senqaba ukudla noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, khona-ke isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubonana nodokotela wezilwane.
