Isicabucabu esigxumayo, noma isicabucabu esigxumayo (iSalticidae), singokomndeni wesicabucabu se-araneomorphic. Lo mndeni umelwe yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000, futhi ngokwesigaba sesayensi, ungowombuso omkhulu we-Eumetazoi.
Incazelo yokubukeka
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo zingaba nezinhlobonhlobo zombala, futhi kaningi zilingisa ngokubukeka kwazo njengentuthwane, ibhungane nofezela bamanga... Ingxenye yokuqala ye-cephalothorax iphakanyiswe kakhulu, futhi ingxenye engemuva icwecwe. Izinhlangothi ze-cephalothorax zisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukwehlukaniswa kwekhanda nesifuba kuvame ukuhlinzekwa nge-groove engajulile futhi eguqukayo. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwe-bimodal lumelwe ngamaphaphu kanye ne-trachea.
Isicabucabu esigxumayo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Umugqa wokuqala unamehlo amane amakhulu ahlala ngaphambili kwekhanda. Amehlo emaphakathi angaphakathi amakhulu kakhulu abonakala ngokuhamba. Amehlo avumela izicabucabu zihlukanise phakathi kokuma kwento nombala wayo.
Amehlo womugqa wesibili amelwe ngamehlo amancane kakhulu, futhi emugqeni wesithathu kunamehlo amabili amakhulu, atholakala emakhoneni omngcele wekhanda nengxenye yesifuba. Ngosizo lwala mehlo, isicabucabu sinikezwa ngombono ocishe ube ngu-360mayelana.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isakhiwo esikhethekile se-retina senza sikwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ibanga lanoma iyiphi into.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yezicabucabu ezigxumayo ingaba izindawo ezahlukahlukene. Inani elibalulekile lezinhlobo zitholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zivamile ezindaweni ezipholile zamahlathi, ezingwadule, nasehlane noma ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
Izinhlobo ezivamile
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo ezimweni zemvelo zimelwe yizinhlobo eziningana ezahlukile ngokubukeka, usayizi nendawo yokusabalalisa:
- Isicabucabu esihle segolide sokuxhuma sihlala emazweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi sibonakala ngesisu eside nangemilenze emibili yokuqala. Umzimba unombala wegolide oyingqayizivele. Ubude besilisa abuvamile ukudlula ama-76 mm, kanti abesifazane bakhulu;
- izinhlobo ze-Himalaya zihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo omncane futhi zisatshalaliswa phezulu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, e-Himalaya, lapho isisulu saso esisodwa kuphela izinambuzane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, ezishayelwa emithambekeni yezintaba yimimoya enamandla yomoya;
- Isicabucabu esiluhlaza okotshani sihlala eQueensland, eNew Guinea naseNew South Wales. Kuyinto ejwayelekile eNtshonalanga Australia, lapho ingesinye sezicabucabu ezinkulu kakhulu. Iduna linombala ogqame kakhulu, kanti umzimba walo uhlotshiswe ngama "sideburns" amhlophe amade;
- Isicabucabu esibuyela emuva esibomvu sithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile futhi kuvame ukutholakala ezindundumeni ezisogwini noma emahlathini e-oki aseNyakatho Melika, lapho singesinye sezicabucabu esikhulu kakhulu esigxumayo. Isici salolu hlobo yikhono lokwakha izidleke zikasilika zohlobo lweshubhu ngaphansi kwamatshe, ukhuni naphezu kobuso bomvini;
- uhlobo lweHyllus Diardi lunomzimba ofinyelela ku-1.3 cm ubude. Kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu ezigxumayo, ayikwazi ukwakha iwebhu, ngakho-ke, ukubamba inyamazane, inamathisela intambo kasilika kolunye uhlobo lokusekelwa bese igxuma isuka kule "bungee" eyinqobo iye esilwaneni sayo ;
- Intuthwane egxuma isicabucabu ilingisa kahle intuthwane ekubukekeni kwayo futhi ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezisuka e-Afrika ziye enkabeni ye-Australia. Umbala womzimba ungaba kusuka kumnyama kuya kohlaza ophuzi.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu umbono wasebukhosini wesicabucabu esigxumayo. Ngummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke besicabucabu esigxumayo eNyakatho Melika. Abesilisa banobude bomzimba obungu-1.27 cm, kanti ubude besifazane bungafinyelela ku-1.52 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umzimba wesilisa unombala omnyama nephethini yesici, emelwe ngamabala amhlophe nemivimbo. Umbala womzimba wesifazane uvame ukumelelwa nge-grayish ne-orange shades.
Ukondla Isicabucabu Esigxumayo
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo zizingela kuphela phakathi nosuku, okusizwa ngumbono omuhle kanye nohlelo lwangaphakathi lwama-hydraulic, olumele izitho ezishintsha ngosayizi. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokwakheka, isicabucabu esidala eseqa siyakwazi ukugxuma amabanga amangalisayo. Izinwele nezinzipho ezincane zitholakala ezithweni, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngisho nasengilazini evundlile.
Intambo kasilika isebenza njengenetha lokuphepha lapho igxuma amabanga amade, nayo esetshenziswayo lapho kwakhiwa isidleke samatshe.... Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isicabucabu sibamba inyamazane bese siyibamba ngokugxuma, ngakho-ke igama lohlobo lunegama "ihhashi". Ekudleni, izicabucabu ezigxumayo azithobeki ngokuphelele futhi noma yiziphi izinambuzane, kodwa hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa ukudla.
Ukuzalanisa isicabucabu samahhashi
Umehluko wesici phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane umbala wombala wezitho zangaphambili. Lezi zithandani zinemivimbo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu esigxumayo zinohlobo lomkhuba wokukhwelana, kepha ukuheha abesifazane, bonke abesilisa benza umdanso okhethekile wokukhwelana, lapho baphakamisa khona izitho zabo zangaphambili futhi, bebuka isikhathi esichazayo, bazishaya kancane emzimbeni wonke.
Masinyane ngemuva kokukhwelana, izicabucabu ezincane ezivela zishiya ngokuphelele ukunakekelwa kowesifazane, obakhela isidleke sikasilika ngentambo. Ngemuva kokubeka, abesifazane baqapha izidleke zabo kuze kuvele izingane. Isicabucabu esidlule kwizicucu eziningana sithola umuntu osayizi osayizi, ngakho-ke sithola inkululeko futhi siqala ukuzinakekela.
Ukubaluleka kohlelo lwemvelo
Iningi lezinhlobo zesicabucabu ziyakwazi ukuba lusizo ngokubulala izinambuzane, okuyizinambuzane zezitshalo. Izicabucabu ezigxumayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izicabucabu ze-vampire, zachazwa ososayensi emuva ngonyaka we-2003. Lolu hlobo luhlala e-Uganda, Kenya naseLake Victoria. Lezi zinhlobo, ezivame ukutholakala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, zifaka isandla ekwehliseni okukhulu kwabantu omiyane abacasulayo.
Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zidla kakhulu omiyane besifazane abaphuze igazi. Ngenxa yomuzwa wazo onuka kamnandi, izicabucabu ezigxumayo zinquma kalula lapho sitholakala khona lesi sinambuzane. Isikhathi sokuhlasela kwesicabucabu kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, njengomthetho, asidluli ikhulu lomzuzwana. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwesicabucabu se-vampire imelwe omiyane be-anopheles, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwabo emvelweni kunzima ukubukela phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni yezwe lethu zidla izinambuzane eziningi zensimu nezingadi, ngakho-ke, zisiza abanikazi beziza zabo ukugcina izitshalo zabo zensimu nezitshalo zensimu ziqinile kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele.
Ingozi kubantu
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo aziyona neze ingozi kubantu, ngakho-ke ungazithatha ngezandla zakho, kodwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi isicabucabu. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu alunabungozi ezilwaneni nakubantu hhayi ngenxa yokuthi ubuthi abukho, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba esinyene somuntu asilimele ngenxa yokulunywa.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya
Amaqembu amaningi amakhulu ama-arachnids ahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya, kufaka phakathi isicabucabu esigxumayo, isicabucabu se-orb-web, nesicabucabu sempisi. Izicabucabu ezintuthayo zivame ukukhethwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ukufana okungakholeki ngokomzimba nezintuthwane ezilukayo, ezaziwa ngamazinyo abukhali nobudlova, kuvumela isicabucabu esigxumayo ukugwema ingozi engase ibaqamekele endaweni yabo yemvelo.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Izwe lakithi le-ant jumping spider limelwe amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia neVietnam, ngakho-ke, isilwane esinjalo kufanele sinikezwe okuqukethwe kweziqukathi kanye ne-microclimate efanelekile enezinga lokushisa nomswakama onethezekile.
Imithetho yokuphakela
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezicabucabu ezimweni zemvelo izinambuzane eziphilayo zosayizi ofanele... Abanikazi abanolwazi lwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile ezinjalo bayelulekwa ukuthi basebenzise amakhilikithi noma iDrosophila, bachotshozwe babe nothuli, ukondla isicabucabu esigxumayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ungasebenzisa ama-aphid atshaliwe namnyama. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakela, indawo yokuphakelayo kufanele inikezwe izibani zokufakelwa ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngamalambu we-fluorescent.
Amathiphu Wokutholwa
Isicabucabu esigxumayo sithathwa njengomunye wabamele ubuhlakani be-arthropods, ngenxa yobukhulu bobuchopho. Kunzima impela ukuthola isicabucabu ezweni lethu, kepha kungenzeka kubathandi bama-arthropod angaphandle ababazalela ekhaya. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zomuntu omdala ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, kepha, kaningi, azidluli izinkulungwane zama-ruble.
