Umsila kanokusho nengubo yoboya ocebile kuyizimpawu ezigqamile zempungushe. Lesi silwane esimangalisayo sibizwa nangokuthi i-polar fox, ngenxa yokufana kwaso kwangaphandle. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, impungushe yase-Arctic ibhalwe njengohlu oluhlukile, olufaka uhlobo olulodwa kuphela.
Incazelo: izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingezansi zempungushe yase-Arctic
Isilwane esihle Impungushe yase-Arctic ifana ngosayizi nempungushe ebomvu... Umzimba wayo ufinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu kuya kumashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu ubude. Futhi umsila ucishe ube uhhafu wobude bomzimba wempungushe yase-Arctic. Ngokuqondene nesisindo - ehlobo, isilwane sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amane kuya kwayisithupha, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, isisindo saso sikhula ngamakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha.
Yize, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukufana kwangaphandle nempungushe, impungushe yase-arctic inezindlebe eziyindilinga futhi ebusika zibukeka zimfushane ngenxa yejazi elijiyile. Kepha ehlobo bayabonakala, babukeka bebakhulu ngokwengeziwe. Ubuso besilwane bufushane futhi bukhonjwe kancane. Futhi, izidladla zakhe ziyizikwele futhi zimbozwe ngamapayipi woboya obukhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izimpungushe ze-Arctic zihlukaniswa ngomuzwa ozwelayo wokuhogela nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, kanti ukubona kwazo akuyona into ehamba phambili. Futhi-ke, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukuqaphela ubuhle obumangalisayo boboya obukhulu besilwane. Ingabe uthola onjalo phakathi kwezinja akanye naye, phakathi kwezimpungushe ezifanayo?
Esinye isici esivelele sempungushe yase-Arctic maqondana namanye amalungu omndeni waso inguquko yesizini evezwe ngombala: i-molt yenzeka izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zombala we-polar fox - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Ngenkathi efudumele, ijazi lakhe liba nsundu ngokumpunga noma libe bomvu ngombala omnyama, ngokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, umbala ushintsha kakhulu - impungushe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifaka ijazi elimpunga elishunqayo elinokuchichima okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti impungushe emhlophe - imhlophe qhwa.
Ubusika buthinta nekhwalithi yoboya. Uma ehlobo ijazi lempungushe yase-Arctic lincane, ukuminyana kwalo kwanda kaningana ngokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala: ijazi liba likhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wesilwane, kufaka phakathi umsila.
Indawo yokuhlala
Uhla lwempungushe yase-Arctic cishe luyiNorth Pole yonke. Izilwane azihlali ndawo. Bathathe uhambo olumnandi baya eNyakatho Melika futhi bahlala eNew Land. Izindawo zabo iziqhingi zaseCanada, i-Aleutian, iKomandorskie, iPribylov nezinye, kufaka phakathi iNyakatho ye-Eurasia. Izimpungushe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zithanda iziqhingi, kuyilapho izilwane ezimhlophe zitholakala ikakhulu ezwenikazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, endaweni enamathafa amaningi, impungushe yase-Arctic ibhekwa njengesona kuphela isilwane esidlayo. Ngisho nolwandle olukhukhulekayo olwandle olubanda kakhulu emhlabeni nase-Arctic aluhlukile. Impungushe kanokusho futhi engaconsi phansi ingena ekujuleni kweNorth Pole.
Imvamisa, lapho ukufuduka kwasebusika kuqala, izilwane ziya ezintabeni zeqhwa bese zisuka ogwini ibanga elifanele, kwesinye isikhathi zinqoba amakhulu amakhilomitha. Abaphenyi-ososayensi iqiniso lokudlula kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngempungushe "emakwe" laqoshwa! Isilwane saqala uhambo lwaso sisuka eTaimyr safinyelela e-Alaska, lapho sabanjwa khona.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ubusika bezimpungushe zase-Arctic yisikhathi sokuzulazula, lapho izilwane zihamba amabanga amade ukuze zithole ukudla. Kepha uma kungenzeka, bazenzela umhume wokuhlala esembozweni seqhwa. Futhi uma belala kuyo, abezwa lutho: ungasondela kubo. Zifuna ukudla, lezi zilwane ezinhle zihlangana namabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme. Kodwa lapho kufika ihlobo, impungushe yase-Arctic ijabulela ukunethezeka kwendlela yokuphila endaweni eyodwa. Uzinza emndenini wakhe, okubandakanya abesifazane abancane, abesifazane, owesilisa uqobo kanye nezinsana zonyaka okhona, esizeni esinendawo engamamitha-skwele amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Ngokuyinhloko, umndeni we-Arctic fox uhlala ngokuhlukile, kepha kunezimo lapho omunye umndeni uhlala eduze, ngisho nowesithathu, wakha ikoloni lonke. Izilwane ziyaxhumana ngohlobo lokukhonkotha... Ngokuqala kwezulu elibandayo, izindawo zokuhlala ezinjalo ziyahlakazeka.
Ukudla: izici zokuzingelwa kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic
Izimpungushe ze-Arctic azihlukaniswa nobungozi, kunalokho, ziyaqapha ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze babambe inyamazane, bakhombisa ubuhlakani, ukubekezela ngisho nokuzikhukhumeza. Uma umhlaseli eba mkhulu kunesilwane esisendleleni, sona-ke asijahi ukukhiqiza. Isikhathi esithile ushiya ibangana, bese ukhetha umzuzu ofanele futhi athole lokho akufunayo. Ngokusho kokubona kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo, izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokwazo zehlisa ubukhona bempungushe yase-Arctic, kodwa inyamazane yazo ayizibekezeleli. Ngakho-ke, kuyisimo esivamile emvelweni: isisulu esidliwe ibhere enkampanini yezimpungushe eziningi zase-Arctic.
Uma kungekho ukuzingelwa kwezilwane endaweni, izimpungushe zase-Arctic azesabi ukusondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu, futhi lapho zilambile zintshontsha ukudla ezinqolobaneni, ezinjeni ezifuywayo. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuthambisa impungushe yase-Arctic, lapho isilwane ngesibindi sithatha ukudla ezandleni zaso, sidlala nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ekuzingeleni, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zizibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Bangakufuna ngentshiseko ukudla noma baneliswe "ngehlombe lenkosi", okungukuthi, badle inyama ebolile noma badle izinsalela zokudla kothile. Yingakho, esimweni sezulu esibandayo, impungushe yase-Arctic iba "umngane" webhere amasonto onke - kuyasiza, awusoze walamba.
Ama-Lemmings ayizisulu eziyinhloko zezimpungushe zase-Arctic ebusika.... Izilwane zizithola ngaphansi kwezingqimba zeqhwa. Ngokufika kwemfudumalo, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zizingela izinyoni: ama-tundra namhlophe ama-partridges, amahansi, izikhova ezibandayo, izinyoni ezincane ezahlukahlukene nezidleke zazo. Ngokushesha nje lapho umzingeli esondela esikhungweni sakhe ibanga elifushane, inhlabamkhosi esesimweni senqwaba yamahansi amhlophe "iyavula". Ukuze ikhohlise ukuqapha kwezinyoni, impungushe yase-Arctic iyahamba izingele kanye nozakwabo. Futhi-ke, esefinyelele amaphuphu noma amaqanda, isilwane esinobuqili sithwala unamathisele ngangokunokwenzeka kuwo. Impungushe ithola ukudla hhayi nje ukwanelisa okwesikhashana indlala. Njengomnikazi owonga imali, wenza nezinsiza - ungcwaba inyoni, amagundane, inhlanzi emhlabathini noma ayithumele ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ehlobo, impungushe yase-Arctic iba ingxenye yemifino, idla ulwelwe, amakhambi namajikijolo. Iyazulazula ngasogwini lolwandle futhi icoshe leyo elahlwe ngaphandle kolwandle - i-starfish, inhlanzi, ama-urchins asolwandle, izinsalela zezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ama-walrus, izimvu zamanzi. Inani nempilo yezimpungushe zase-Arctic kuxhomeke ngqo ekudleni kwazo okuyinhloko - izigaxa. Kwakunezimo lapho kwakukhona inani elincane lemammings, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimpungushe eziningi zabulawa yindlala. Futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqandula izimpungushe zase-Arctic kukhula kaningi uma kunenqwaba yamagundane.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ngaphambi kokuthola inzalo, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zizenzela izimbobo. Enhlabathini efriziwe kuya ekujuleni kwemitha, lokhu akulula kangako. Indawo yendlu ihlala ikhethwa ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngoba izikhukhula ngamanzi ancibilikile kungalindelwa ezindaweni ezicabalele. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma i-mink ifudumele futhi ikhululekile ekuzaleni, ingadluliselwa isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye iminyaka engamashumi amabili! Uma imink endala ishiywa, kwakhiwa entsha kwenye indawo eseduze futhi "inamathiselwe" endlini yokhokho. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa wonke ama-mazes aneminyango engama-60 noma ngaphezulu. Isikhathi sihamba nezimpungushe ze-arctic zingabuyela emigodini yazo yakudala, zivuselele futhi ziqale ukuhlala kuzo. Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zithole ama-labyrinths anjalo wezimpungushe ezibandayo, ezixhashazwe izilwane isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Ukwenza kube lula ukuthi isilwane nenzalo yaso sihlale emgodini, indawo ikhethwa hhayi egqumeni kuphela, enhlabathini ethambile, kepha futhi naphakathi kwamatshe adingekayo ukuvikelwa.
Ngo-Ephreli, isikhathi sokuzalela izimpungushe zase-Arctic siqala. Ezinye izilwane ziyahlangana, kanti ezinye zithanda izinyunyana zesithembu. Lapho owesifazane esekushiseni, izimpi ziyabhekwa phakathi kwamadoda aphikisanayo. Ngakho-ke, badonsela ukunakekela kwalowo okhethiwe kubo. Ukudlala ngothando kungenzeka ngenye indlela: owesilisa ugijima phambi kowesifazane ngethambo, ngenduku noma enye into emazinyweni akhe.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-polar fox yesifazane kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili. futhi izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye kuya kwamashumi amahlanu nesithupha. Lapho umama okhulelwe ezwa ukuthi uzobeletha kungekudala, emasontweni ama-2 uqala ukulungiselela izindlu zalokhu, umba i-mink, ahlanze amaqabunga. Ingazala iwundlu ngaphansi kwesihlahla uma, ngasizathu simbe, ingenayo i-mink efanelekile. Uma unyaka ubulamba, kungahle kube nezimpungushe ezine noma ezinhlanu ezincane kudoti. Lapho konke sekulungile, kuzalwa imidlwane eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye. Isibalo serekhodi cishe singamashumi amabili! Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amawundlu ayizintandane emigodini eseduze, azokwamukelwa njalo ngumakhelwane wesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Imvamisa, izimpungushe ezimhlophe zizala amawundlu anejazi elishunqayo, kanti aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anengubo yoboya ensundu.
Cishe amasonto ayishumi, izingane zondla ngobisi lwebele, futhi kuphela ngemuva kokufinyelela emasontweni amathathu kuya kwamane ubudala, izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziqala ukuphuma emgodini. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekondleni inzalo. Kakade ngonyaka, amawundlu empungushe yase-Arctic afinyelela ebudaleni. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zihlala cishe iminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi.
Izici eziyingozi: ukuthi ungasinda kanjani impungushe esepolar
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-Arctic fox iyisilwane esidla ezinye, nayo inezitha. I-Wolverines ingamzingela. Angaba isisulu sezimpisi, izinja ze-raccoon. Lesi silwane futhi siyazesaba izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, njengesikhova ukhozi, isikhova esimhlophe, iskua, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, ukhozi olusagolide, njll.
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyafa ngenxa yezifo ezahlukahlukene - i-distemper, i-arctic encephalitis, amarabi, izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukulahlekelwa ukwesaba ngenxa yokugula, lesi silwane sinquma ukuhlasela izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, abantu, izinyamazane, izinja. Kwesinye isikhathi impungushe emhlophe kulesi simo ingaqala ukuluma umzimba wayo, igcine ngokufa ngenxa yokulunywa kwayo.
Esikhathini esedlule, abantu babezingela impungushe yase-Arctic ngenxa yengubo yayo enhle yoboya, okwaholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sesilwane. Ngakho-ke, namuhla inkathi yokuzingela ilawulwa ngokuqinile. Ngenxa yokuthanjiswa kalula kwesilwane, izimpungushe zase-Arctic manje sezizalelwe ekuthunjweni, kanti iFinland neNorway bangabaholi kuleli bhizinisi.
