Indlovu yisilwane sasemhlabeni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, lesi sidlakela sase-Afrika kulula ukusithambisa futhi sihlakaniphe kakhulu. Izindlovu zase-Afrika bezisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo nanjengezilwane zempi phakathi nezimpi. Bayigcina ngekhanda imiyalo futhi balungele ukuqeqeshwa. Endle, abanazo neze izitha ngisho namabhubesi nezingwenya ezinkulu alokothi zihlasele abantu abadala.
Incazelo yendlovu yase-Afrika
Indlovu yase-Afrika - isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emhlabeni wethu. Inkulu kakhulu kunendlovu yase-Asia futhi ngosayizi ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5-5 ukuphakama, futhi ubukhulu bayo bungamathani ayi-7-7.5. Kodwa kukhona nemidondoshiya yangempela: indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika etholwe inesisindo samathani ayi-12, kanti ubude bomzimba wayo bebungaba ngamamitha ayi-7.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zase-Asia, amazinyo endlovu ase-Afrika akhona kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Izimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu ezitholakele zazingaphezu kwamamitha amane ubude futhi zazinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-230. Izindlovu zazo zisetshenziswa njengezikhali zokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Yize izilwane ezinkulu kangaka zingenazo izitha zemvelo, kunezikhathi lapho izingonyama ezilambile zihlasela imidondoshiya enesizungu, endala futhi ebuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlovu zisebenzisa imihlanga ukumba phansi bese ziqhephula amagxolo ezihlahleni.
Izindlovu zibuye zibe nethuluzi elingajwayelekile elibahlukanisa nezinye izilwane eziningi - lesi yisiqu eside esiguquguqukayo. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komlomo ophezulu nekhala. Izilwane zayo zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukusika utshani, ukuqoqa amanzi ngosizo lwazo nokuziphakamisa ukubingelela izihlobo. Ubuchwepheshe buyathakazelisa. izindlovu ziphuza kanjani amanzi emgodini wokunisela. Eqinisweni, akaphuzi ngesiqu, kodwa udonsela amanzi kuso, bese esiqondisa emlonyeni wakhe bese ewathulula. Lokhu kunikeza izindlovu umswakama eziwudingayo.
Phakathi kwamaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalezi zimidondoshiya, kufanele wazi ukuthi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa umboko wabo njengepayipi lokuphefumula. Kunezimo lapho babephefumula ngesiqu sabo lapho bengaphansi kwamanzi. Okunye futhi okuthakazelisayo iqiniso lokuthi izindlovu "zingezwa ngezinyawo zazo". Ngaphezu kwezitho ezejwayelekile zokuzwa, banezindawo ezikhethekile ezizwelayo ematheni ezinyawo zabo, ngosizo lwabo abakwazi ukuzwa ukudlidlizela kwenhlabathi futhi babone ukuthi zivelaphi.
Futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi zinesikhumba esijiyile kakhulu, sibucayi kakhulu futhi indlovu iyakwazi ukuzwa lapho inambuzane enkulu ihleli phezu kwayo. Futhi, izindlovu zifunde ukuphunyuka ngokuphelele elangeni elishisayo lase-Afrika, zifafaza isihlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, lokhu kusiza ukuvikela umzimba ekushisweni yilanga.
Ubudala bezindlovu zase-Afrika bude impela: baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-50-70, abesilisa bakhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunabesifazane. Kakhulu bahlala emihlambini yabantu abayi-12-16, kepha phambilini, ngokusho kwabahambi nabaphenyi, babebaningi kakhulu futhi babengaba nezilwane ezifika ku-150. Inhloko yomhlambi imvamisa iyinsikazi endala, okungukuthi, izindlovu zine-matriarchy.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izindlovu ziyazesaba kakhulu izinyosi. Ngenxa yesikhumba sabo esibucayi, bangabanika inkinga enkulu. Kunezimo lapho izindlovu zashintsha izindlela zazo zokufuduka ngenxa yokuthi kwakunamathuba amaningi okuhlangana nezinkumbi zezinyosi zasendle.
Indlovu iyisilwane esihlala nabantu futhi ama-loners ayivelakancane phakathi kwabo. Amalungu omhlambi ayazisana, asize abafo abalimele, futhi ngokubambisana avikele inzalo uma kunengozi. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamalungu omhlambi akuvamile. Izindlovu zinomqondo ophuthukile wokuzwa nokuzwa, kepha ukubona kwazo kubi kakhulu, futhi zinenkumbulo enhle kakhulu futhi zingakhumbula umuntu owonile isikhathi eside.
Kukhona inganekwane ejwayelekile yokuthi izindlovu azikwazi ukubhukuda ngenxa yesisindo sazo kanye nezakhiwo zazo. Ngempela bangabhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi bangabhukuda amabanga amade befuna izindawo zokondla.
Indawo yokuhlala
Phambilini, izindlovu zase-Afrika zazisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Manje, ngokufika kwempucuko nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, indawo abahlala kuyo yehle kakhulu. Izindlovu eziningi zihlala emapaki kazwelonke eKenya, eTanzania naseCongo. Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, bahamba amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha befuna amanzi ahlanzekile nokudla. Ngaphezu kwamapaki kazwelonke, atholakala endle eNamibia, eSenegal, eZimbabwe naseCongo.
Njengamanje, indawo yokuhlala yezindlovu zase-Afrika incipha ngokushesha ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba owengeziwe uyanikezwa ngezidingo zokwakha nezolimo. Kwezinye izindawo ezijwayelekile, indlovu yase-Afrika ayisatholakali. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezinyo lendlovu, izindlovu azihlali kahle, zivame ukuba yizisulu zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Isitha esikhulu futhi okuwukuphela kwaso sezindlovu ngumuntu.
Inganekwane esabalele kakhulu ngezindlovu ukuthi kuthiwa zingcwaba izihlobo zazo esezifile ezindaweni ezithile. Ososayensi basebenzise isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, kepha abakatholi zindawo ezikhethekile lapho imizimba noma izinsalela zezilwane bezingagxila khona. Izindawo ezinjalo azikho ngempela.
Ukudla. Ukudla kwendlovu yase-Afrika
Izindlovu zase-Afrika ziyizidalwa ezingasuthi ngempela, amaduna amadala angadla kuze kufike ku-150 kilograms wokudla kwezitshalo ngosuku, abesifazane cishe abayi-100. Kubathatha amahora ayi-16-18 ngosuku ukumunca ukudla, sonke isikhathi abasichitha bekufuna, kuthatha u-2-3 amahora. Lesi ngesinye sezilwane ezilele kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kukhona ubandlululoukuthi izindlovu zase-Afrika ziwathanda kakhulu amakinati futhi zichitha isikhathi esiningi ziwafuna, kodwa lokhu akunjalo. Vele, izindlovu azinalutho olumelene nesibiliboco esinjalo, futhi lapho zithunjiwe ziyidla ngokuzithandela. Kepha noma kunjalo, emvelweni ayidliwa.
Utshani namahlumela ezihlahla ezincane ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko; izithelo zidliwa njengesibiliboco. Ngokuminza kwabo, balimaza umhlaba wezolimo, abalimi bayabethusa, ngoba akuvunyelwe ukubulala izindlovu futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho. Lezi zidlakela zase-Afrika zichitha usuku lonke zifuna ukudla. Amantshontsho ashintsha ngokuphelele ukutshala ukudla lapho efinyelela eminyakeni emithathu, nangaphambi kwalokho adla ubisi lukamama. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-1.5-2, kancane kancane baqala ukuthola ukudla kwabantu abadala ngaphezu kobisi lwebele. Basebenzisa amanzi amaningi, cishe amalitha ayi-180-230 ngosuku.
Inganekwane yesibili ithi amaduna amadala ashiye umhlambi aba ababulali babantu. Vele, amacala okuhlaselwa kwezindlovu kubantu ayenzeka, kepha lokhu akuhlotshaniswa nemodeli ethile yokuziphatha yalezi zilwane.
Insumansumane yokuthi izindlovu ziyawasaba amagundane namagundane, njengoba ziququda imilenze yazo, nayo iseyinsumansumane. Vele, izindlovu aziwesabi amagundane anjalo, kepha azinalo uthando olukhulu ngawo.
Funda nakuwebhusayithi yethu: amabhubesi ase-Afrika
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuthomba ezindlovu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngezimo zokuphila, eneminyaka eyi-14-18 ubudala - kwabesilisa, kwabesifazane akwenzeki ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10-16. Lapho sezifikile kule minyaka, izindlovu zikulungele ngokuphelele ukuzala. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana kowesifazane, kuvama ukuxabana phakathi kowesilisa bese owinile athole ilungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezindlovu akuvamile futhi mhlawumbe lesi yisona sizathu sokulwa. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zidlakela zihlala ngokuthula impela.
Ukukhulelwa kwezindlovu kuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu - Izinyanga ezingama-22... Azikho izikhathi zokukhwelana ngaleyo ndlela, izindlovu zingazala unyaka wonke. Kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, ezimweni ezingavamile - ezimbili. Ezinye izindlovu eziyizinsikazi zisiza ngasikhathi sinye, zivikela indlovu engumama nengane yayo ezingozini ezingase zibe khona. Isisindo sendodana esanda kuzalwa singaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayi-100. Kungakapheli amahora amabili noma amathathu, umntwana wendlovu usuke esekulungele ukusukuma alandele njalo unina, abambe umsila ngesiqu sawo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezindlovu zase-Afrika
Okwamanje, isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezi-2 zezindlovu ezihlala e-Afrika: i-savannah nehlathi. Indlovu ehlathini ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zamathafa, inkulu kunendlovu yasehlathini, inombala omnyama futhi inezinqubo zokuziphatha ekugcineni kwesiqu. Lezi zinhlobo zisabalele kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Yindlovu yasendle ethathwa njengeyase-Afrika, njengoba sazi. Endle, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azivamisile ukuhlangana.
Indlovu yasehlathini incane, inombala ompunga futhi ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kobukhulu bazo, ziyehluka ngesakhiwo semihlathi; kuye zincane futhi zinde ukwedlula i-savanna. Futhi, izindlovu zasehlathini zinezinzwane ezine emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, kanti i-savannah inezinhlanu. Konke okunye ukungafani, okufana namazinyo amancane nezindlebe ezincane, kungenxa yokuthi kulula kubo ukuthi bahambe phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Enye inganekwane ethandwayo ngezindlovu ithi yizona kuphela izilwane ezingakwazi ukugxuma, kodwa akunjalo. Ngempela abakwazi ukugxuma, asikho nje isidingo salokhu, kepha izindlovu azihlukile kulokhu, izilwane ezinjalo zifaka nezimvubu, obhejane namabhejane.
