Imvamisa umuntu ojwayelekile, ukuze abhekane nesimo esithile, udinga ukuba namakhono akhethekile, ahlukile. Futhi abantu baxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo ngosizo lwabazalwane abancane.
Insizakalo yethu iyingozi futhi inzima: mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwezinja
Imvelo ayizange iphane kakhulu ngabantu maqondana nomuzwa wephunga. Kepha ezinjeni lo muzwa uyathuthuka, ucishe uphindwe cishe izikhathi eziyi-12 futhi ubukhali kakhulu kunalokho esinakho "ama-homosapiens" nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala eMhlabeni.
Mhlawumbe iningi lenu liyibukile ikhathuni ethi "The Cat Who Walked by Him", okuthathwa njengenye yezinganekwane zombhali odumile u-Kipling. Lesi sakhiwo sikhombisa ngokusobala nangokucacile ukuthi indoda yasendulo yaqala kanjani "ukubambisana" ukuze izizuzise nezilwane eziningi. Futhi omunye wabokuqala abaqala ukukhonza abantu kwakuyinja. Okhokho bethu baqaphela ukuthi inja inokuthuthuka okukhulu hhayi umuzwa wokuhogela kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuzwa nokubona. Phakathi kokunye, unamandla amahle kakhulu wokulwa namandla wokulwa ngokweqile: yilokhu ongazingela futhi uhambe naye ngezinyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho nesisodwa isidalwa esiphila eMhlabeni esingaqeqeshwa ngokuqinile nangokushesha njengenja.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abangane abanezinyawo ezine babeqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile njengamasosha empini. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinja ezelusayo ezihlakaniphile ziphindwe kashumi kunabantu ababhekana nemishini yokulwa eyabelwe, zaba ngabadobi bezimayini abasebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nabasappers. Ngokwezibalo ezenziwa kamuva, empini ka-1941-1945. izinja ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile zibambe iqhaza. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuhlasela amathangi aseJalimane. Izinja zaziboshwe neziqhumane, okwakumele bazithwale bazise ethangini, ngenxa yalokho zaqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lokulwa nabangane abanemilenze emine phakathi nempi, kwacekelwa phansi amathangi ezitha angu-300 nezimoto zokulwa.
Futhi izinja ezithembeke kakhulu nezinikele kakhulu zisebenze njengemitshina yami. Njengoba wazi, izinja zinephunga eliyingqayizivele nelicijile kunazo zonke, ngakho-ke kubo ukuthola izinto zokuqhuma ezinamanga emhlabathini ucezu lekhekhe! Lapho ama-bloodhound ekwazi ukuthola izimayini emhlabathini, avele azwakalisa izwi futhi akhombisa indawo eqondile yento eyingozi.
Zingaki lezi zidalwa ezithembekile nezinesibindi ezisindise izimpilo zabantu kuyo yonke impi - ungabala! Ngemuva kwakho konke, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokwehlisa indawo yase-USSR, ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, yawela ezinjeni ezilwayo. Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi ngo-1945, abathola imayini bathola amamayini nezimayini zomhlaba ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uSergeant Malanichev, ngosizo lwezinja zakhe eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, wakwazi ukunciphisa imizuzu engaphezu kwama-200: ngokoqobo emahoreni angu-2,5 womsebenzi oqhubekayo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungakhumbuli inja edume kakhulu - umtshina wamayini weMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili, okuthiwa nguDzhulbars. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, le nja yokulwa yayihlala futhi ikhonza ukuze kuzuze i-Motherland eqenjini leshumi elinesine elikhethekile le-sapper. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi "senkonzo yakhe yenja", uthole cishe amamayini ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Inja yabuye yaduma kamuva, ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwayo ekuvunyelweni kwezinqaba nezigodlo ePrague, eVienna, indawo engenhla kweDanube. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, i-Dzhulbars e-Austria, eHungary, eCzechoslovakia, eRomania, ngenxa yephunga layo elibukhali, yakwazi ukuthola izimayini ezihlukene eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa nengxenye. Njengoba osappers babevame ukusho, e-Ukraine baqala ukukhuluma ngalo "sapper" onesibindi ngemuva kokuthi esize ukusula ithuna lombongi omkhulu wase-Ukraine uTaras Grigorievich Shevchenko kanye neKiev Cathedral yaseKiev eKanev.
Kulezi zinsuku, amaphoyisa nezinye izinsizakalo ezikhethekile nazo zigcina abelusi nezinja zaseJalimane zohlobo olwehlukile, ezisiza abantu ukuthi balandele imigodi yezidakamizwa futhi balwe nobuphekula. Uzohlangana nabangane abanezinyawo ezine kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni ngesikhathi sokuwela umngcele, ukulawulwa kwamasiko: babalwe lapho njengezinja zensizakalo, ezikwazi ukuthola ngokushesha "izimpahla ezingavunyelwe", ukuqaphela isigebengu.
Ama-sappers aphumelele: esikwaziyo ngamagundane
Iqembu lososayensi baseBelgium lanquma ukwenza izivivinyo ngamagundane amakhulu ase-Afrika, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zinomuzwa obukhali ofanayo wokuhogela njengezinja. Banqume ukufundisa lezi zilwane ezincane ezihlekisayo ukuthi zifune izimayini ezilwa nabasebenzi, ngoba amagundane mancane kakhulu kunezinja, ngakho-ke amathuba okuqhunyiswa kombutho mancane kakhulu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kososayensi abavela eBelgium kwaba yimpumelelo, futhi kamuva amagundane ase-Afrika akhuliswa ngokukhethekile ukufuna izimayini eMozambique nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika, lapho, njengakithi, ngemuva kwempi, amagobolondo amaningi ahlala ajulile enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-2000, ososayensi babandakanye amagundane angama-30, okwathi emahoreni angama-25 akwazi ukuthola amahektha angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili endawo yase-Afrika.
Kukholakala ukuthi izimayini ezingamagundane zisebenza kangcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-sappers noma izinja ezifanayo. Ngempela, igundane lizoqhuba indawo engamamitha-skwele angamakhulu amabili ngemizuzu engamashumi amabili, futhi umuntu uzodinga imizuzu eyi-1500 yokufuna umsebenzi. Yebo, nezinja - imitshina yemayini ihle kakhulu, kepha ibiza kakhulu kuhulumeni (ukugcinwa, izinsizakalo zabaphatha izinja) kunama "sappers" amancane ampunga.
Ngaphezu kwezinyoni zamanzi: izimvu zamanzi nezingonyama zasolwandle
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ngo-1915, uV.Durov, umqeqeshi owaziwayo eRussia, waphakamisa ukuthi uMbutho Wezempi Wempi usebenzise izimpawu ukuze ufune izimayini ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Yebo, ngobuholi beNavy Russian, bekuyinto engajwayelekile, umuntu angasho indlela entsha. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi izinja kuphela ezinomzwelo othuthuke kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingathola imayini noma ngabe ilaphi. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngempi, kutholakale izinto eziningi eziqhumayo emithonjeni yamanzi. Futhi kwakufanele kwenziwe okuthile ngakho. Futhi, ngemuva kokucwaninga konke okuhle kokusebenzisa izimvu zamanzi ekufuneni izimayini zamanzi, ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwezinyoni zasemanzini kwaqala esiqhingini saseCrimea.
Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni ezi-3 zokuqala, kwaqeqeshwa iBalaklava izimpawu ezingamashumi amabili, okwamangaza ukuthi zazilungele ukuqeqeshwa. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, bathola kalula iziqhumane, izimayini nezinye izinto zokuqhuma kanye nezinto, bewabeka ngamaboy njalo. Abaqeqeshi baze bakwazi ukufundisa ezinye zezimpawu "zemitshina yezimayini" ukubeka izimayini ezikhethekile kumazibuthe emikhunjini. Kepha, noma ngabe kungenzeka kanjani, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuvivinya izimpawu ezisetshenziswe ngokukhethekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - umuntu othile wafakela "izilwane zempi yasolwandle" ubuthi.
Amabhubesi asolwandle yizimpawu ezinamaqabunga ezinombono omuhle ngaphansi kwamanzi. Iso elibukhali lisiza lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinhle ukuthola izitha zazo. UMbutho Wezempi wase-US ube nesandla esivulekile ekusebenziseni izigidi zamadola aseMelika ekuqeqesheni izimvu zamanzi zasolwandle njengengxenye yohlelo lokuqeqesha ukuthola indawo esonakele noma ukuthola izinto zokuqhuma.
Kodwa e-Irkutsk, izimvu zamanzi zaqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile kulo nyaka ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi lezi zilwane zingaziphatha kanjani izibhamu zomshini ezandleni zazo, zimashe nefulegi emanzini futhi zize zinciphise nezimayini zasolwandle ezifakiwe.
Ukuqapha umhlaba: yini ongayenza amahlengethwa
Amahlengethwa aqala ukuqeqeshwa njengabahloli bemayini abakhethekile ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu zempi zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu kwesinye sezizinda zasolwandle eSan Diego. Ososayensi abavela e-USSR banqume ukufakazela ukuthi amahlengethwa, njengezingonyama zasolwandle, ayakwazi ukuzuzisa abantu, "njengamandla akhethekile" ahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi anesibindi
Ngama-60s, eSevastopol, kwasungulwa i-oceanarium enkulu, lapho amahlengethwa ayefundiswa khona ukubheka ngaphansi kwamanzi hhayi kuphela ezimayini kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kepha nangama-torpedoes amaningi acwile. Ngaphezu kobuhlakani babo nobukhali obedlulele, ngosizo lokudluliswa kwezimpawu zesayensi, amahlengethwa ayakwazi ukuhlola kahle isimo, konke okwenzekayo okubazungezile. Amahlengethwa athola kalula into yempi kude kakhulu. Njengabavikeli abanekhono, amahlengethwa aqeqeshiwe abelwa "ukuma aqaphe" futhi avikele izisekelo zasolwandle oLwandle Olumnyama.
