I-crabeater seal (iLobodon carcinophaga) ingeka-oda le-Pinnipeds.
Ukusatshalaliswa kophawu lwe-crabeater
Uphawu lwe-crabeater lutholakala ikakhulu ogwini naseqhweni lase-Antarctica. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kwenzeka ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika, e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika, eTasmania, eNew Zealand, naseziqhingini ezahlukahlukene ezizungeze i-Antarctica. Ebusika, ububanzi buhlanganisa cishe amamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-22. km.
Indawo yokuhlala nezimboni zeCrabeater
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater zihlala eqhweni naseduze kwamanzi aqandayo azungeze umhlaba.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesibonakaliso se-crabeater
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater ngemuva kwe-molt yasehlobo zinombala onsundu onsundu ngaphezulu, nokukhanya phansi. Izimpawu ezimnyama onsundu ziyabonakala ngemuva, nsundu ngokukhanyayo ezinhlangothini. Amaphiko atholakala emzimbeni ophezulu. Ijazi lishintsha kancane kancane libe yimibala ekhanyayo unyaka wonke futhi licishe libe mhlophe ngokuphelele ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, uphawu lwe-crabeater kwesinye isikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi "uphawu olumhlophe lwe-Antarctic". Inomphunga omude nomzimba omncane ozacile uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu. Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa abanobude bomzimba obungu-216 cm kuya ku-241 cm. Abesilisa banobude bomzimba obusukela ku-203 cm kuye ku-241 cm.
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater zivame ukuba nezibazi ezinde ezinhlangothini zemizimba yazo. Kungenzeka, bashiywa izitha zabo eziyinhloko - izingwe zasolwandle.
Amazinyo e-crabeater seal awafani futhi "anzima kakhulu kunabo bonke abadla inyama." Kunezindwani ezimbalwa ezinyozweni ngalinye, kunezikhala phakathi, ezisika zingene ezingeni. Izinduku ezinkulu emazinyweni aphezulu nangaphansi zilingana ngokuphelele. Lapho uphawu lwe-crabeater luvaleka umlomo, kusala izikhala kuphela phakathi kwama-tubercles. Lokhu kuluma uhlobo lwesisefo lapho i-krill ihlungwa khona - ukudla okuyinhloko.
Ukuzalela uphawu - i-crabeater
Izimpawu zamanzi ze-Crabeater zizalela eqhweni elinepakethe elizungeze i-Antarctica eSouthern Hemisphere entwasahlobo, kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ezindaweni zeqhwa, hhayi emanzini. Insikazi ithwala ithole izinyanga eziyi-11. Kusukela ngoSepthemba, ukhetha i-ice floe abelethele phezu kwayo futhi ondle ngophawu olulodwa lwengane. Indoda ijoyina insikazi endaweni ekhethiwe ngaphambi nje noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala. Kuvikela insikazi nengane esanda kuzalwa ezitheni nakwamanye amaduna ahlasela indawo ekhethiwe. Izimpawu ezisencane zizalwa zinesisindo esingaba ngama-20 kg futhi zikhuluphale ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla, zithola cishe i-4.2 kg ngosuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane cishe akayishiyi inzalo yakhe, uma ehamba, khona-ke izinyane liyamlandela ngokushesha.
Izimpawu ezincane ziyayeka ukuncela ubisi lukanina cishe emasontweni amathathu ubudala. Akucaci ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zomzimba ezisebenza emzimbeni uqobo, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwakhe ubisi kuyancipha, futhi uphawu olusha luqala ukuhlala ngokuhlukile. Indoda endala iziphatha ngolaka iye kowesifazane sonke isikhathi sokuncelisa. Uzivikela ngokuluma intamo nezinhlangothi. Ngemuva kokondla inzalo, owesifazane ulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, isisindo sakhe sicishe sibe yingxenye, ngakho-ke ngeke akwazi ukuzivikela kahle. Uqala ukwamukela ucansi ngemuva nje kokulunyulwa.
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater zivuthwa ngokocansi phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-4 ubudala, futhi abesifazane bazala amawundlu eneminyaka emihlanu, bese bephila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Ukuziphatha kwe-crabeater seal
Izimpawu zeCrabeater kwesinye isikhathi zakha ukugxila okukhulu okungafika kumakhanda ayi-1000, kepha, njengomthetho, zizingela zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Zitshuza ikakhulu ebusuku futhi zenza isilinganiso sokuntywila okungama-143 nsuku zonke. Kanye emanzini, ama-crabeater seals ahlala emanzini cishe ngokuqhubekayo cishe amahora angama-16.
Emvelweni wasemanzini, lezi yizilwane ezisheshayo neziqinile ezibhukuda, zitshube, zifuduke futhi zivivinye ngokuntywila zifuna ukudla.
Iningi le-dives lenzeka ngenkathi kuhanjwa, lihlala okungenani umzuzu owodwa futhi lenziwa ukujula kwamamitha ayi-10. Lapho isondla, ama-crabeater seals angena ajule kancane, aze afike kumamitha angama-30, uma ondla emini.
Bacwila ngokujulile lapho kuhwalala. Lokhu kungenzeka kuncike ekusatshalalisweni kwe-krill. Ama-dives wokuhlola enziwa ajule ukunquma ukutholakala kokudla. Izimpawu ze-Crabeater zisebenzisa izimbobo zeqhwa ezidalwe yizimpawu ze-Weddell ukuphefumula. Babuye baxoshe izimvu zamanzi ezincane ze-Weddell kude nale mingxuma.
Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, izimvu zamanzi okuthiwa ama-crabeater zifudukela enyakatho lapho iqhwa liba yiqhwa. Lawa angama-pinniped weselula, ahamba amakhulu amakhilomitha. Lapho izimvu zamanzi zifa, zisinda kahle, "njengezidumbu" eqhweni elisogwini lwase-Antarctica. Izimpawu eziningi, noma kunjalo, zihambela ngempumelelo ngasenyakatho, zifinyelela eziqhingini zasolwandle, e-Australia, eNingizimu Melika naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izimpawu zasolwandle, mhlawumbe, izipinipipi ezisheshayo ezihamba emhlabeni ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-25 km / h. Lapho zigijima ngokushesha, ziphakamisa ikhanda phezulu futhi zinikine ikhanda ngapha nangapha ngokuvumelanisa nokunyakaza kwesinqe. Amaphiko angaphambili ahamba ngokushintshana eqhweni, kanti amaphiko angemuva ahlala phansi futhi ahamba ndawonye.
Ukudla kwesilulu esidla inkalankala
Igama le-crabeater seals alinembile, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lawa ma-pinnipeds adla izinkalankala. Ukudla okuyinhloko yi-Antarctic krill futhi mhlawumbe namanye ama-invertebrate. Ama-crabeaters abhukuda ngobuningi be-krill nemilomo ivulekile, ancela emanzini, bese ehlunga ukudla kwawo ngofaka amazinyo akhethekile. Ukubukwa kwempilo yezimpawu zasolwandle lapho kuthunjiwe kukhombisile ukuthi zingamunca izinhlanzi emilonyeni yazo zisuka ebangeni lamasentimitha angama-50. Izilwane ezinjalo zinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi we-krill, ngakho-ke, endaweni yazo yemvelo, izimvu zamanzi ze-crabeater zingancela i-krill ibanga elide kakhulu.
Zikhetha ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane, ezingaphansi kuka-12 cm, bese ziyigwinya iphelele, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu, ezidwengula inyamazane yazo ngamazinyo ngaphambi kokugwinya. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho i-krill itholakala kakhulu emifantwini nasemihumeni, izimvu zamanzi ze-crabeater zithola ukudla kulezi zindawo ezingafinyeleleki.
Okusho umuntu
Izimpawu zasolwandle zihlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kubantu, ngakho-ke azihlangani nabantu. AmaJuvenile kulula ukuwathambisa nokuwaqeqesha, ngakho-ke ayabanjelwa ama-zoo, ama-aquariums asolwandle kanye namasekisi, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Izimpawu zaseCrabeater zilimaza indawo yokudoba yasolwandle ngokudla i-Antarctic krill, njengoba kungukudla okuyinhloko kwama-crabeater.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kophawu lwe-crabeater
Izimpawu ze-Crabeater yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu eziphiniwe emhlabeni, ezinabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-40. Njengoba indawo yokuhlala itholakala kude nezindawo zezimboni, ngakho-ke, izinkinga zokulondolozwa kohlobo aluqondile. Amakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-DDT atholakele kuma-crabeater kwabanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukudoba i-krill kuqhubeka olwandle lwase-Antarctic, lapho-ke kuzovela inkinga yokondla ama-crabeater seals, ngoba izinqolobane zokudla zingancipha kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengokukhathazeka okuncane.
