I-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti (i-Himantura polylepis, i-Himantura chaophraya) ingeyama-stingray angama-superorder.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
I-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti itholakala ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zemifula eThailand, kufaka phakathi iMekong, Chao Phraya, Nana, Nai Kapong, Prachin Buri, neziteshi zemifula. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala futhi emfuleni iKinabatangan eMalaysia nasesiqhingini saseBorneo (eMfuleni iMahakam).
Indawo yokuhlala emisebeni enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
Imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti ivame ukutholakala ngaphezu kwesihlabathi semifula emikhulu, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-20. Abesifazane abaningi batholakala emachwebeni omfula, okungenzeka bazalele emanzini anosawoti. Ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwe-ray endaweni yasolwandle ngokuphelele akukaze kubonwe.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zemisebe enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zemisebe, imisebe enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti ihlukaniswa nosayizi wayo omkhulu, isimo somzimba esiseqanda kanye nomsila omude. Abantu abakhulu bafinyelela isisindo esingu-600 kg nobude obungu-300 cm, ingxenye yesithathu yayo ewela emsileni.
Umsila ubushelelezi kakhulu ohlangothini lwe-dorsal, kepha ohlangothini lwe-ventral yomgogodla nge-notch ye-sawtooth futhi kuhlotshaniswa nendlala enobuthi.
Amaphiko amabili okhalo atholakala ngapha nangapha komsila. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane ubukhona bokwakheka okukhethekile kowesilisa ngamunye endaweni yesisu.
Isidoda sikhishwa kulesi sakhiwo ngesikhathi sokulingiswa. Ukuma okusaqanda kwe-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti kwakhiwa amaphiko we-pectoral, atholakala ngaphambi kwempumulo.
Amaphiko wepectoral aqukethe imisebe ye-radial yomzimba engu-158-164, okuyizakhiwo ezincane zamathambo ezisekela amaphiko amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, umzimba uyisicaba.
Umlomo ungaphansi ngezansi futhi unemihlathi emibili egcwele amazinyo amancane, izindebe zimbozwe ngamaphaphe amancane abukeka njengamahlumela okunambitha.
Ama-gill slits agijima ngemigqa emibili efanayo ngemuva komlomo. Umbala we-ray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti unombala onsundu ngaphezulu komzimba wayo obanzi, omncane, omise okwediski, futhi ubhalwe kancane esiswini, umnyama emaphethelweni. I-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti ine-sting enesihlungu nomsila omkhulu omise okwesiswebhu namehlo amancane. Umzimba ongaphezulu omnyama ufihle i-stingray ezilwaneni ezidlayo ezibhukuda ngenhla kwawo, futhi isisu esilula sifihla umzimba umugqa kusuka ezilwaneni ezizingela inyamazane engezansi, ngenxa yelanga lesigameko.
Ukuzalela i-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
Imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti iyatholana phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa isebenzisa amasiginali kagesi akhiqizwa abesilisa. Abesilisa bakhiqiza futhi bagcine isidoda unyaka wonke ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesidoda esanele njengoba ukukhwelana kwenzeka nabesifazane abaningi. Bese kuthi izinsikazi zishiye abesilisa zihlale emanzini anobumunyu zize zizale izingane.
Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwemisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti emvelweni. Ukukhula kwemibungu kuthatha cishe amasonto ayi-12.
Phakathi namasonto okuqala angama-4-6, umbungu uyakhula, kepha ikhanda lawo alikakhuli. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha, kukhula ama-gill, amaphiko namehlo akhula. Umsila nomgogodla uvele ngaphambi nje kokuvela. Ukuzalela ngokuthumba ama-stingray amakhulu amakhulu ahlanzekile kukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane bazala ama-stingray amancane ama-1 kuya kwangu-2 abukeka njengabantu abadala abancane. Ububanzi bomzimba obujwayelekile bamazinyane asanda kuchanyuselwa ngamasentimitha angama-30.
Abesifazane banakekela inzalo yabo kuze kube yilapho ama-stingray amancane eba yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude besifazane. Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, zithathwa njengezivuthiwe futhi zihamba ngokuzimela endaweni ehlala amanzi angenasawoti.
Akukho lwazi mayelana nempilo yemisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti emvelweni, noma kunjalo, amanye amalungu ohlobo lwe-Himantura aphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengu-10. Ekuthunjweni, lolu hlobo lwe-stingray luzala kabusha kancane ngenxa yezici zokondleka nokuntuleka kwesikhala.
Ukuziphatha kweray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
Imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti iyizinhlanzi ezihlala phansi ezivame ukuhlala endaweni efanayo. Azihambeli futhi zihlale kunqubo efanayo yomfula lapho zivele khona.
Ama-stingray axhumana nomunye esebenzisa amandla kagesi, futhi anama-pores kuyo yonke imizimba yawo aholela eziteshini ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
I-pore ngayinye inezinhlobonhlobo zamaseli we-receptor sensory asiza ukuthola ukuhamba kwezilwane nezilwane ngokuzwa izinkambu zikagesi ezenziwa ukunyakaza.
Ama-stingray nawo angabona umhlaba obazungezile ngokubukeka, yize ngosizo lwamehlo abo lezi zinhlanzi zinenkinga yokuthola inyamazane ezindaweni ezinamanzi amnyama nodaka. Imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti isungule izitho zephunga, ukuzwa nolayini ohlangothini lokuthola ukudlidliza emanzini.
Ukondla i-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
I-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti idla phansi ngaphansi komfula. Umlomo uqukethe imihlathi emibili esebenza njengamapuleti okuchoboza, kanti amazinyo amancane aqhubeka nokugaya ukudla. Ukudla kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ze-benthic nezingenamgogodla.
Njengezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kakhulu endaweni yazo, imisebe emidala emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Umbala wabo wokuzivikela kanye nokuhlala phansi kungukuvikelwa okuthembekile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Okusho umuntu.
Imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti isebenza njengokudla kwabantu bendawo kwamanye amadolobha ase-Asia, yize kungavunyelwe ukudoba le nhlanzi esengozini. Futhi zigcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini futhi zisetshenziswa njengezinhlobo ezithandwayo zokudoba ezemidlalo.
Lapho abadobi bezama ukubamba i-stingray enkulu yasemanzini angenasawoti, ishaya ngamandla ngomsila wayo, ihlome ngophiko olukhulu, olumangele, olunesihlungu, ukuze ibaleke. Leli liva liqinile ngokwanele ukuba lingabhoboza isikebhe sokhuni. Kodwa ngaphandle kwesizathu, imisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti ayilokothi ihlasele.
Isimo sokongiwa kwemisebe enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti.
Ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lemisebe emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti, i-IUCN isimemezele ukuthi lolu hlobo lusengozini.
E-Thailand, ama-stingray angavamile akhiqizwa ukubuyisela inani labantu, yize izinga lokuphila kwabo ekuthunjweni liphansi kakhulu.
Ososayensi bamaka imisebe esele ngemaki ekhethekile ukuze baqonde amaphethini wokuhamba kwabo futhi baqinise ukuvikelwa kohlobo, kepha imiphumela ebalulekile isantuleka. Izinsongo ezinkulu emisebeni emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti ukuphazanyiswa kwesembozo sehlathi, okuholela kwesomiso, izikhukhula ngesikhathi sezimvula ezinkulu, nokwakhiwa kwamadamu athikameza ukufuduka kwezinhlanzi nokuzala ngempumelelo. E-Australia, usongo olukhulu kulezi zinhlobo lubhekwa njengokuqoqwa kwemfucuza evela ekucutshungweni kwe-uranium, equkethe izinsimbi ezisindayo nama-radioisotopes, odakeni lomfula. Ngaphesheya kobubanzi bayo, i-stingray enkulu yamanzi angenasawoti isengozini kukho kokubili ukubulala okuqondile kokudoba kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo nokuqhekeka okuholela ekucindezelekeni okungenwe ngaphakathi. Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, iGiant Freshwater Ray iyisilwane esisengozini enkulu.
