ISalmon shark (iLamna ditropis) ingeyesigaba sezinhlanzi ezinesigaxa, umndeni we-herring shark.
Usalmon shark usakazekile.
Oshaka be-salmon basatshalaliswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izindawo ezingasogwini nase pela pela ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi nezipholile eNorth Pacific Ocean, ephakathi kuka-10 ° N. sh. kanye no-70 ° ebangeni elisenyakatho. Ububanzi buhlanganisa uLwandle iBering, uLwandle i-Okhotsk noLwandle lwaseJapan, futhi lubuye lusuke eGulf of Alaska luye eSouthern California. Oshaka be-salmon bavame ukutholakala ebangeni le-35 ° N. - 65 ° N. emanzini asentshonalanga oLwandlekazi iPacific nasuka ku-30 ° N. kuze kufike ku-65 ° N. empumalanga.
Izindawo ze-salmon shark.
Oshaka be-salmon iningi le-pelagic kodwa futhi bahlala emanzini asogwini. Imvamisa zihlala kungqimba lwamanzi angaphezulu kwendawo engaphansi komhlaba, kepha futhi zibhukuda emanzini ajulile ezifunda eziseningizimu ezifudumele okungenani ngamamitha ayi-150. Lolu hlobo luthanda amazinga okushisa kwamanzi aphakathi kuka-2 ° C no-24 ° C.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zika-salmon shark.
Oshaka abadala be-salmon banesisindo okungenani esingu-220 kg. Oshaka abasenyakatho-mpumalanga yePacific basinda futhi bade kunoshaka abasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga. Ubude bomzimba buhluka ngosayizi kusuka ku-180 kuye ku-210 cm.
Ukushisa komzimba kwezinhlanzi eziningi kuhlala kufana nokushisa kwamanzi azungezile.
Oshaka be-salmon bayakwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba kuphakeme kunasemvelweni (kufika ku-16 ° C). Lolu hlobo lukashaka lunomzimba osindayo, omile okokuphotha onempumulo emfushane, ethintekile. Ama-gill slits made ngokude. Umlomo uvula ubanzi futhi uyindilinga. Emhlathini ongaphezulu, kunamazinyo angama-28 kuye kwangama-30, emihlathini engezansi - angama-26 27, amazinyo amakhulu ngokulingene anamazinyo asemaceleni (ama-tubercles amancane noma "amazinyo amancane") ezinhlangothini zombili zezinyo ngalinye. I-dorsal fin iqukethe i-dorsal fin enkulu futhi encane kakhulu. Isiphetho sendunu sincane. Isiphetho se-caudal sinesimo secrescent, lapho i-dorsal ne-ventral lobes icishe ilingane ngosayizi.
Amaphiko we-pectoral abhangqiwe makhulu. Isici esihlukile ubukhona besikhombi ku-caudal peduncle kanye nama-keel amafushane wesibili aseduze nomsila. Umbala wezindawo ezingemuva nezangemuva ubumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumnyama. Isisu simhlophe, futhi kaningi sinezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezimnyama kubantu abadala. Ingaphezulu lempumu lempumu nalo limnyama ngombala.
Ukuzalela usalmon shark.
Abesilisa bahlala eduze kwabesifazane, babambe ngamaphiko we-pectoral lapho behlangana. Khona-ke lezi zibhangqwana ziyahlukana, nezinhlanzi azisenabo oxhumana nabo abengeziwe. Njengabanye oshaka be-herring, imisebenzi ye-ovary elungile kuphela oshaka be-salmon. Ukukhulelwa kungaphakathi, futhi ukukhula kwemibungu kwenzeka ngaphakathi komzimba wowesifazane. Lolu hlobo lwe-ovoviviparous futhi imibungu esakhulayo iyavikelwa, lolu hlobo lwentuthuko lunikela ekusindeni kwenzalo.
I-brood ngokuvamile iqukethe oshaka abancane abayi-4 kuya kwabayisi-5 abanobude obusuka ku-60 kuye ku-65 cm.
Oshaka be-salmon emanzini asenyakatho bazala ezinyangeni eziyi-9 ekwindla, kanti izinhlanzi eziseningizimu zizala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Oshaka besifazane besalmon ePacific Northwest bazala njalo ngonyaka futhi bakhiqize oshaka abancane abangama-70 empilweni yabo. Ngenkathi abantu abasenyakatho-mpumalanga yePacific Ocean bezala njalo eminyakeni emibili. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukuzala ngobude bomzimba obucishe bube yi-140 cm kanye neminyaka eyi-5, kuyilapho abesifazane benikeza izingane ngobude bomzimba obungu-170 no-180 cm lapho beneminyaka engu-8-10 ubudala. Ubukhulu obukhulu boshaka besifazane be-salmon bufinyelela kubude obucishe bube yi-215, bese kuthi abesilisa babe ngamasentimitha angu-190. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi azikaze zigcinwe ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini, akwaziwa ukuthi oshaka be-salmon bangahlala isikhathi esingakanani ekuthunjweni.
Ukuziphatha koshaka be-salmon.
Oshaka beSalmon yizilwane ezingenayo indawo ehlala njalo noma ezifudukayo zifuna inyamazane. Kunomehluko ophawulekile ngokwesilinganiso sobulili kulezi zinhlobo, esibonakala ezinhlanzi ezihlala eNyakatho nasePacific Basins.
Abantu basentshonalanga babuswa ngabesilisa, kuyilapho abantu basempumalanga bephethwe ngabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umehluko ngosayizi womzimba, omkhulu kubantu baseNingizimu, kanti oshaka basenyakatho bancane kakhulu. Oshaka be-salmon baziwa ngokuzingela bodwa noma ukondla ngamaqoqo abantu abaningana, kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-40 oshaka. Bangabafuduki ngezikhathi ezithile, bahlala behamba ngemuva kwezikole zezinhlanzi abazondla ngazo. Akukho lwazi ngobudlelwano be-intraspecific kuma-salmon shark; lezi zinhlobo, njengezinye izinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo, ziqondiswe kusetshenziswa izibonisi, ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, ezomshini nezokuzwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco oshaka.
Ukudla koshaka be-salmon kwenziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi nge-salmon yasePacific. Oshaka be-Salmon nabo badla i-trout, i-Pacific herring, ama-sardine, i-pollock, i-Pacific saury, i-mackerel, i-gobies nezinye izinhlanzi.
Indima ye-ecosystem ye-salmon shark.
Oshaka be-salmon bangaphezulu kwephiramidi lezemvelo ezinhlelweni zasolwandle ezingaphansi komhlaba, okusiza ukulawula inani labantu bezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye nezilwane zasolwandle. Oshaka abancane be-salmon kusuka ku-70 kuye ku-110 cm ubude babanjwa oshaka abakhulu, kufaka phakathi ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noshaka omkhulu omhlophe. Futhi koshaka abadala be-salmon kunesitha esisodwa kuphela esaziwa yilezi zilwane - umuntu. Oshaka abancane be-salmon bondla futhi bakhule emanzini asenyakatho yomngcele ongaphansi kwe-subarctic, lezi zindawo zithathwa njengohlobo lwe "baby shark nursery". Lapho, zigwema ukudliwa oshaka abakhulu, abangabhukudi kulezi zindawo futhi bazingele ngokuya enyakatho noma eningizimu. Oshaka abancane abanawo umbala ohlukile wezinhlangothi ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zomzimba namabala amnyama esiswini.
Okusho umuntu.
Oshaka be-salmon bayizinhlobo zezentengiselwano, inyama namaqanda abo ahlonishwa kakhulu njengemikhiqizo yokudla. Lolu hlobo lukashaka luvamise ukubanjwa emanetheni njengokudotshwa okungadluli lapho kubanjwa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. EJapan, izitho zangaphakathi zoshaka besalmon zisetshenziselwa isashimi. Lezi zinhlanzi zibanjwa ngesikhathi sokudoba kwezemidlalo kanye nokuzilibazisa kwabavakashi.
Oshaka beSalmon basongelwa ukudoba ngenhloso yokuhweba. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi zibhajiswa olwandle nasemanetheni, izingwegwe zishiya amanxeba emzimbeni.
Oshaka be-salmon bangaba yingozi kubantu, yize kungekho maqiniso abhaliwe aqoshwe ngalokhu. Imibiko engenasiqiniseko yokuziphatha kokudla kwalolu hlobo kubantu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokungazazi kahle uhlobo oluthile olunolaka olufana noshaka omkhulu omhlophe.
Isimo sokonga salmon shark.
I-salmon shark njengamanje ibalwe njengesilwane "esinenkinga yedatha" yokwamukelwa kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Izinombolo eziphansi zezinsizwa nokuzala okuhamba kancane kwenza lolu hlobo lube sengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho imboni yokudoba oshaka ayilawulwa emanzini aphesheya, futhi lokhu kusongela ukwehla ngamanani.
