ISand shark (i-Carcharias taurus) noma i-nurse shark ingeyenhlanzi e-cartilaginous.
Ushaka oshaka usakazekile.
Ushaka ushaka uhlala emanzini olwandle iPacific, i-Atlantic nolweNdiya. Itholakala olwandle olufudumele, igwema iPacific esempumalanga. Isakazeka isuka eGulf of Maine e-Argentina engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, iye ogwini lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika e-East Atlantic, kanye naseLwandle iMedithera, ngaphezu kwalokho, isuka e-Australia iye eJapan futhi isogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika.
Indawo yasesand shark.
Oshaka besihlabathi bavame ukutholakala emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile njengamabhayi, izindawo zokuntweza namanzi eduze kwamakhorali noma amadwala anamatshe. Babonwe ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-191, kepha kungenzeka bakhetha ukuhlala endaweni yama-surf ngamamitha angama-60. Oshaka besihlabathi bavame ukubhukuda engxenyeni engezansi yekholamu lamanzi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zoshaka besihlabathi.
Uhlangothi olugudlile luka-sand shark luyimpunga, isisu simhlophe qwa. Yinhlanzi eyakhiwe ngokulingene enamabala ahlukile ezinhlangothini zomzimba enamabala ensimbi ansundu noma abomvu. Oshaka abancane baphakathi kuka-115 no-150 cm ubude. Njengoba bekhula, oshaka besihlabathi bangakhula bafike kumamitha angu-5.5, kodwa ubukhulu obumaphakathi bungamamitha ayi-3.6. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa. Oshaka besihlabathi banesisindo esingu-95 - 110 kg.
I-anal fin kanye namaphiko omabili omhlane osayizi ofanayo. Umsila uyi-heterocercal, unengqamuzana elide eliphezulu eliphezulu futhi unengqimba emfushane engezansi. Ubude obuhlukile bezinsika zomsila banikeza ukunyakaza okusheshayo kwezinhlanzi emanzini. Kusho impumulo. Umgodi womlomo unamazinyo amade futhi amancane, insingo ebukhali. La mazinyo avulekile ayabonakala ngisho noma umlomo uvaliwe, okwenza oshaka besihlabathi babonakale besongela. Ngakho-ke, bekukholelwa ukuthi laba oshaka abayingozi, yize izinhlanzi zingalifanele idumela elinjalo.
Ukuzalela iSand shark.
Oshaka besihlabathi bazala ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Kuvame ukuba nabesilisa abaningi kunabantu besifazane ngesilinganiso esingu-2: 1, ngakho-ke abesilisa abaningana bakhwelana nowesifazane oyedwa.
Oshaka besihlabathi bangama-ovoviviparous, insikazi izala abantwana kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo eduze nemifula engasogwini. Imigede okuhlala kuyo laboshaka iyasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuzalela kanti uma iwa, ukuzalaniswa koshaka besihlabathi kuyaphazamiseka. Izinsikazi ezincane zizala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, zinamawundlu amabili. Insikazi inamakhulu amaqanda, kepha lapho iqanda livundiswa, gazinga kuma-5.5 cm ubude likhulisa imihlathi enamazinyo. Ngakho-ke, abanye babo badla abafowabo nodadewabo, ngisho naphakathi kukanina, kulokhu kwenzeka ukudla inyama yabantu.
Kunolwazi oluncane mayelana nempilo yoshaka basolwandle olwandle, kepha labo abagcinwe ekuthunjweni bahlala ngokwesilinganiso phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu neshumi nesithupha. Kukholakala ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe endle. Oshaka besihlabathi bazala beneminyaka engu-5 futhi bakhule impilo yonke.
Ukuziphatha koshaka besand.
Oshaka besihlabathi bahamba ngamaqembu afinyelela kumashumi amabili noma ngaphansi. Ukuxhumana kweqembu kunikela ekusindeni, ukuzalanisa ngempumelelo nokuzingela. Oshaka basebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Emini bahlala eduze kwemihume, amadwala kanye namawa. Lokhu akuyona inhlobo kashaka enobudlova, kepha akufanele ungene emihumeni ehlala lezi zinhlanzi, azithandi ukuphazanyiswa. Oshaka besihlabathi bagwinya umoya bese bewugcina esiswini sabo ukuze bangahlali bengathathi hlangothi. Ngoba izidumbu zazo eziminyene zicwila phansi, zigcina umoya esiswini, ngakho-ke zihlala zinganyakazi ohlwini lwamanzi.
Abantu baseShaka oshaka abavela eNyakatho naseNingizimu Nenkabazwe bangenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini afudumele, ezigxotsheni ehlobo nase-equator ebusika.
Oshaka besihlabathi bayazwela kwizimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali.
Zinezimbobo ebusweni bomzimba. La ma-pores asebenza njengethuluzi lokuthola izinkambu zikagesi ezisiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zithole futhi zithole inyamazane futhi, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, zihambise amandla kazibuthe womhlaba.
Ukudla kwesand shark.
Oshaka besihlabathi banezindlela zokudla ezahlukahlukene, badla izinhlanzi ezinamathambo, imisebe, ama-lobster, izinkalankala, ama-squid, nezinye izinhlobo zoshaka abancane. Ngesinye isikhathi zizingela ndawonye, zijaha izinhlanzi ngamaqembu amancane, bese zibahlasela. Oshaka baseSand bahlasela inyamazane ngokufutheka, njengoshaka abaningi. Ngobuningi, izidalwa zasolwandle zizizwa ziphephile futhi zihlasela isikole sezinhlanzi zisondele.
Indima ye-ecosystem kashaka ushaka.
Ezimweni zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, oshaka besihlabathi yizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi balawula inani lezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezibani (i-Petromyzontidae) zikhubaza oshaka, zinamathele emzimbeni futhi zithola izakhamzimba ezivela egazini ngenxeba. Oshaka besihlabathi banobudlelwano bobabili nezinhlanzi ezilawulayo, ezihlanza imisebe yokungcola futhi zidle imfucumfucu engokwemvelo egxilile ezingozini.
Isimo sokongiwa koshaka besihlabathi.
Oshaka besihlabathi basengozini futhi bavikelekile ngumthetho wase-Australia futhi bayivelakancane eNew South Wales naseQueensland. INature Conservation Act 1992 inika oshaka besihlabathi isivikelo esengeziwe. I-US National Marine Fisheries Service iyakwenqabela ukuzingela lezi zinhlanzi.
Ushaka oshaka ubalwe njengoMuntu osengozini yokuba sengozini yi-IUCN.
Lab 'oshaka bahlala emanzini angajulile, babukeka benolaka, futhi banezinga eliphansi lokuzala. Ngalezi zizathu, kukhona ukwehla kwenani labashaka besihlabathi. Ukubukeka okunolaka kunikeze inhlanzi idumela elingafanele lokudla. Laboshaka bavame ukuluma futhi balimale kanzima ngenxa yokulunywa kwabo, kepha abahlaseli abantu ngezidingo zokudla okunempilo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, oshaka besihlabathi bayaqothulwa ukuthola ukudla okumnandi namazinyo, okusetshenziswa njengezikhumbuzo. Izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi zibhajiswa emanetheni okudoba futhi zibe yizisulu ezilula zabantu. Ukwehla kwesibalo soshaka besihlabathi kuyethusa, kulinganiselwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amabili kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
