UFila Brasileiro (waseBrazil Fila, waseBrazil Mastiff, ngesiNgisi uFila Brasileiro) uyinja enkulu esebenza ngezinja, eyazalelwa eBrazil. Ekuqaleni yadalelwa ukufuna izigqila ezibalekile emahlathini emvula, yabe isetshenziselwa ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, njengonogada nenja yempi.
Kubasolisa ngokumangazayo abantu ongabazi futhi yilolu kuphela uhlobo lapho izinga lalo linqunyelwe ukungabekezeleli ukuthinta izihambi. Ihlonishwa kakhulu ekhaya ngokuzinikela nokungasabi, i-fila brasileiro ivinjelwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Izifushaniso
- Le yinja enkulu, elukhuni nenolaka. Kunconywe abaphathi bezinja abanolwazi.
- Abakubekezeleli kahle abantu abangabazi, abavumeli ukuthinta ngisho nokusondela.
- Isisho esihle kunazo zonke sikhuluma ngomlingiswa wabo: "Uthembekile njenge-fila."
- Bazwana nezingane, kepha ochwepheshe abaningi abazincomi ukuthi zigcinwe emindenini enezingane.
- Azinconyelwa ukuhlala efulethini, zidinga igceke elibanzi nensimu edinga ukugadwa.
Umlando wozalo
Ngo-Ephreli 22, 1500, umhloli wamazwe wasePortugal uPédro Alvaris Cabral wathola iBrazil futhi waba ngowokuqala waseYurophu ukubeka unyawo ezweni lakhe. Amahlathi emvula ayegcwele impilo exakile nenokhahlo, ehlala amakhulu ezizwe zabomdabu. AmaPutukezi aqala ukwakha ikoloni elisha ukuze asebenzise izinsiza zalo.
Lezo zizwe ezingafanga ngenxa yezifo ezingenisiwe zaqhutshwa zayiswa ebugqilini. Kancane kancane, amasimu kashukela nenjoloba asusa ehlathini futhi athuthukisa umnotho wezwe.
Lezi zitshalo zazidinga inqwaba yezigqila.
Lapho izigqila zendawo ziba yindlala, amaPutukezi aletha cishe abantu abayizigidi ezintathu base-Afrika nabaseYurophu abavela emajele nasemakoloni. Abanye babo bamelana nokugqilazwa babalekela ehlathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigqila zazivumelaniswa nempilo yasehlathini kangcono kakhulu kunabanikazi futhi zazingancibilika kuzo. Kwacaca ukuthi kudingeka izinja ezizosesha nokubamba.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zoMbuso WaseRoma, iPortugal ibilikhaya lezinja ezinkulu - iPastugal Mastiff kanye nePutukezi Shepherd Dog noma uCao de Castro Laboreiro.
Inani elikhulu lalezi zinja lilethwe eBrazil, njengoba zazinolaka nobukhulu obudingekayo.
Ngaphezu kwabo, izinhlobo zamaNgisi nazo zangeniswa. I-English Mastiff enkulu, i-Old English Bulldog yayingenye yezinja eziqine kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi futhi yayihlukaniswa nobudlova, kuhambisana namandla. Ama-bloodhound angeniswe njengama-bloodhound, ngoba anephunga elihle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekungumbala wokuqala ukufuna abantu abalekile, asetshenziselwe ukubamba isakhi sobugebengu kanye namasefa abalekile amakhulu eminyaka. Ama-bloodhound ayebaluleke kakhulu njengoba iPortugal yayingenawo ama-bloodhound ayo.
Abatshali baseBrazil bawela phakathi kwe-English Mastiffs, i-Old English Bulldogs, i-Bloodhounds nezinja zasePortugal ukuze bathole inja efanele izidingo zabo. Uhlobo olusha lwabizwa ngeCao de Fila noma uFila Brasileiro.
UMastiff waseBrazil waduma ngendlela yakhe yokuqala yokubamba izigqila. Wayezibamba entanyeni noma emahlombe azibambe aze afike umnikazi wazo.
UFila brasileiro wayegcinwa kulo lonke elaseBrazil, kepha ikakhulukazi ePaulista. Lo masipala waseBrazil usephenduke ikhaya labakhulu babavakashi, abahambi, abaphangi nezigqila.
Kulapha lapho badudula khona imingcele yezwe baletha izinja e-Amazon. Phakathi nalezi zinsuku, izinja ziye zajwayela isimo sezulu futhi zathola ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-mastiffs.
Bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokuthula emazingeni okushisa azobulala izinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo. Baye bathola ukungavikeleki ezigidini zezifo zendawo nezinambuzane. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, i-fila brasileiro yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezolimo ezweni.
Ngokungafani nohlobo olufana neCuban Mastiff, olwalusetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthola izigqila ezibalekile, iFila yakwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi. Izinja ezinkulu nezinolaka kwakuyizinja eziqaphile ezifanele, eziqapha imizi yabaplaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhala labo elibucayi lenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthungatha abantu nezilwane.
Ihlathi laseBrazil ligcwele ama-jaguar, ama-puma nababhaki. UFila brasileiro akakwazanga ukubalandelela kuphela, kodwa futhi wajoyina impi, aphuma kuyo enqobile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebevikela imfuyo ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuqedwa kobugqila kwenzeka eBrazil ekuqaleni kuka-1820, okunye ukubonakaliswa kwabo kwaqhubeka ezifundeni amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-fila igcine imisebenzi yayo iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokufana kwezinja ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe.
Kwaze kwaba ngo-1884, lapho ekugcineni ubugqila bungaqediwe, nokho, iBrazil yaba ngelinye lamazwe okugcina kulolu daba. UFila brasileiro waba nenhlanhla futhi baba onogada, onogada, abazingela izinja.
Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, izwe laba nedolobha futhi izinga lobugebengu lakhuphuka kakhulu, izinja zazisetshenziswa ukulwa nobugebengu, okwakhuphula ubudlova bazo. Ngakho-ke, kunengxabano phakathi kwabafuyi.
Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izinja zazinolaka, ezinye zathi zaba yimbi eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Yize lezi zinja zaziphambana nezinye izinhlobo ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwazo, kepha amaFilas ahlala ehlanzekile. Ngo-1940, abaseBrazil baba nesithakazelo ekumisweni kohlobo oluthile.
Ngo-1946 kwashicilelwa indinganiso yokuqala yokuzala, yayincike ezincomweni ze-International Cynological Organisation futhi yabangela uqhekeko olukhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinhlobo.
Izinga le-FCI lichaze inja enomzimba we-mastiff kanye ne-muzzle yegazi, umlingiswa ongahlukumezi futhi olawulwayo. IBrazil Kennel Club (CBKC) yaqala ukunamathela kuyo futhi yafaka abafuyi abafuna izinja ezikhuthele futhi ezingekho nolaka.
IClub for the Improvement of the Fila Brasileiro (CAFIB) iqale ukunamathela ezinkambisweni zomdabu eziningi kulolo hlobo, kufaka phakathi uhlamvu.
Ukungathembani kubantu ongabazi nokungabekezelelani ukuxhumana nabo sekuyizimpawu zaleli zinga. Izinja ezihlobene neCAFIB azithembi abantu ezingabazi ukuthi zingazihlasela noma zingaqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile.
Kuwo wonke ama-20th century, amasosha azamile ukuthola ukuthi ngabe i-fila ilungile yini ngezidingo zabo. Bakhangwa ikakhulukazi yikhono lokumelana nokushisa, okungatholakali ezinjeni zendabuko, ngokwesibonelo, kumalusi waseJalimane.
Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu, bafunda i-German Shepherd, uDoberman noFila Brasileiro, begxile ethubeni lokusebenza emahlathini emvula. UFila wayengaphansi kukaMalusi waseJalimane ezingeni lezobunhloli, nakuDoberman ngobudlova, kepha ngokuvamile wabadlula.
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, udumo lwale nja enkulu futhi enolaka lwaqala ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Abafuyi abavela e-USA, eYurophu naseRussia baqala ukuzisebenzisa njengezinja zokuqapha nokuqapha.
Ngenxa yokukhuliswa ngendlela engafanele, eziningi zalezi zinja zaqala ukuhlasela abantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, iGreat Britain, i-Israel, iDenmark, iNorway, iMalta, iCyprus, i-Australia kanye neNew Zealand bakwenqabele ngokuphelele ukugcinwa kwefila noma imestizo.
Abazalanisi babheka lokhu njengokungalungile, njengakwezenhlalo efanele nokuqeqeshwa, lezi zinja ziyakwazi ukulawulwa futhi zizolile. Kodwa-ke, abafuyi beRottweiler kanye neAmerican Pit Bulls basabaqhathanisa neFilas, bethi izinja zabo azinalo ulaka.
Ngaphandle kokuphikisana kwalolu hlobo, luthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. EBrazil, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo ezithandwa kakhulu, eYurophu nase-United States, inani labo liyakhula. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi ezilahlekelwe izimfanelo zazo zokusebenza, i-Fila isasebenza njengenja yokuqapha neyokuqapha.
Kodwa-ke, namanje awaziwa ezinhlanganweni eziningi ezinkulu zobungqingili. Isibonelo, i-American American Kennel Club (AKC) ne-United Kennel Club (UKC).
Incazelo
UFila brasileiro uyinja enomzimba we-mastiff nenhloko yegazi. Okudonsa iso lakho ngokushesha ubukhulu.
Izinga lokuzala labesilisa lingama-65-75 cm ekubuneni, ngoba ama-bitches angama-60-70 cm. Abafuyi abaningi bagxila ekutholeni izinja ezinkulu ngangokunokwenzeka kanti abesilisa bangama-80 cm nangaphezulu akuvamile.
Zinesisindo okungenani esingu-50 kg. Ziyizinja ezinemisipha enamandla kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zohlobo oluthuthukisiwe njenge-Brazilian Fila. Umsila mude kakhulu, uthwelwe phansi, ubanzi esisekelweni, kepha uthinta kakhulu ekugcineni.
Isici sohlobo lohlobo yisakhiwo sayo senhloko. Yize ubukhulu bayo nobukhulu bayo, kufanele ihlale ngokulingana nomzimba. Uma ibhekwa ngaphezulu, ikhanda limise okwamapheya.
Isifonyo se-fila yaseBrazil side kakhulu kunaleso samanye ama-mastiffs, kufanele silingane nogebhezi noma sibe sifushane kancane. Ngokwezinga lokuzala, isifonyo kufanele sibe: "siqine, sibanzi, sijule, sihambisane nogebhezi."
Umhlobo lo ubuye ubonakale ngesikhumba esiminyene, esixegayo, ikakhulukazi entanyeni, lapho sakha khona amazolo abekiwe, kwesinye isikhathi adlulele esifubeni nasesiswini. Ijazi le-fila brasileiro lifushane, libushelelezi, liminyene futhi liqinile.
Noma imuphi umbala oqinile uvunyelwe, ngaphandle kokumhlophe, okumpunga kwegundane, okumnyama noshukela nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinja ezinombala we-Brindle zingaba nemivimbo elula noma emnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona imaski emnyama ebusweni. Imibala ejwayelekile: i-fawn ne-brindle.
Uhlamvu
Umlingiswa kaFila Brasileiro uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ephawulekayo yohlobo, okwakhelwe kulo lonke udumo lwalo. Ngeshwa, umlingiswa uyaphikisana kakhulu. Njengoba zigcinwa kuphela njengezinja zokuqapha, kuvezwa izici ezithile kuzo.
Kepha, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, uFila unezinga eliphakeme lokuhlukumeza abantu, ikakhulukazi ezinjeni ezihlala eBrazil. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinja azifanele wonke umuntu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke zivumelane kakhulu.
Yilabo abanolwazi lokugcina izinja ezinkulu ezinolaka kuphela abadinga ukuthola i-Fila. Ngokukhuliswa okulungile, lokhu kungumnakekeli nomvikeli omuhle, kepha ezandleni ezingenalwazi kungumthombo wezinkinga ezinkulu.
Amafayili aseBrazil adume ngokuthembeka kwawo, okuboniswa ngisho nasesisho esithi: qotho njenge-fila. Bakha ubudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu nomndeni wabo, abazokwenza konke ngakho.
Uma umdlwane ukhulela enkampanini yomuntu oyedwa, khona-ke uzonikelwa kuye kuphela, uma usembuthanweni womndeni, kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja eziningi zizimele. Banobudlelwano obunzima nezingane nedumela eliphikisanayo. Labo abakhule nezingane bayazithanda futhi bakhuthazelela ngokuzola noma iyiphi imidlalo. Kodwa-ke, iningi labaphathi bezinja alikukhuthazi ukugcina lezi zinja emindenini enezingane. Ngeke balalele imiyalo ekhishwa yingane, ngoba ababheki izingane njengezikhulu kunabo ngokwesimo senhlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangaphutha imidlalo yezingane ngobudlova bese besabela ngokufanele.
Ukuhluka kohlobo lohlobo "yi-ojeriza" noma ukungathembi, ukusola ngokweqile kwabantu ongabazi. Lokhu kungukuphela kohlobo lapho izinga linqunyelwe ukungabekezeleli ukusondela noma ukuthinta abantu ongabazi. Ukuzijabulisa kanye nokuqeqesha kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwazo izinja zizoba nolaka olukhulu kunoma yimuphi umuntu wangaphandle.
Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele, izinja eziningi zizobekezelela abantu ezingabazi, kepha kuphela lapho kukhona umndeni wazo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwayo, abakwazi ukumela noma ngubani, okudala ubunzima obedlulele kubaposi, izicishamlilo ngisho nalabo okufanele bondle inja lapho abanikazi bengekho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukujwayela ilungu lomndeni elisha, futhi abanye abakaze bakwamukele.
Ukuvikelwa okumangalisayo, kuhlala kuqaphile, kusolisa - izinja ezinhle zokuqapha. Isela eliyisilima kuphela elingakunaki ukukhonkotha nokubhonga okwenziwa yifila.
Uyisithiyo esikhulu kuye. Kubhekwa ngabaningi njengenja yokuqapha ehamba phambili emhlabeni.
Akesabi, noma ngabe ngubani omphikisayo, indoda, isilo noma umshini. Akuvumelekile naphansi kwanini ukuthi i-fila yaseBrazil ilimaze amalungu omndeni wayo futhi noma ngubani ozama ukwenza lokho kufanele aqale ambulale.
Yize ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinye izinja kuvame ukuba phansi kunabantu, abaningi banakho futhi. Azizibekezeleli ezinye izinja, ngisho ne-fila ezolile kakhulu ibusa ngokuzenzakalela. Noma yikuphi ukuhlasela kwenye inja kungaphela ekufeni kwesitha, ngoba azikho izinhlobo eziningi ezingamelana nazo.
Kunconywa ukugcina inja eyodwa kuphela. Uma umdlwane ukhulele phakathi kwezinye izilwane, ubabheka njengamalungu ephakethe lakhe futhi abavikele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kwabanye, futhi angavele adabule ikati lomunye umuntu.
Njengezinye izinhlobo ezinolaka, iFila kunzima ukuyiqeqesha. Aziwona ama-servile, ziphila ngendlela ezibona zifanele ngayo. Abaningi banenkani emangalisayo, abaningi baphambukile.
Ngeke nakancane balalele umyalo womuntu othathwa njengophansi ezinyathelweni zomphakathi, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi kufanele njalo abe ngaphezulu kunenja yakhe.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubaqeqesha, ukuqeqeshwa nje kudinga ulwazi, ulwazi, isikhathi nokuzikhandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nabalalela kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile babonisa ukufuna.
UFila Brasileiro usebenza kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu. Angeke aneliswe ukuhamba okumbalwa. Okungenani imizuzu engama-60 yemithwalo esebenzayo ngosuku, okungcono kakhulu.
Bayakuthanda ukuhamba, kepha bazizwa bengcono egcekeni elibanzi neliphephile lendlu yangasese. Bazungeza umkhawulo futhi abakufanelekeli kahle ukuhlala efulethini.
Abanikazi abangaba khona kudingeka bazi ezinye zezici zohlobo. Bazokhonkotha cishe noma yini abayicabanga isolisa futhi bazoba omakhelwane abanomsindo. Futhi, ayifanele abantu abahlanzekile kakhulu.
Okokuqala, kuyageleza amathe kaPhil, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa khona. Bacola ngesikhathi bedla bephuza. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-molossi, ahlupheka kancane ngegesi, kepha uma enza kanjalo, khona-ke igumbi lidinga ukufuthwa umoya.
Ukunakekela
Uhlobo olulula ukunakekelwa. Akadingi ukunakekelwa ngochwepheshe, kuphela ukuxubha ngezikhathi ezithile.
Abanikazi badinga ukuhlanza njalo futhi kahle izindlebe nezibaya ze-fila brasileiro, njengoba ziqoqa ukungcola, amanzi, ukudla, okungaholela ezifweni.
Izinqubo kufanele zifundiswe kusenesikhathi, ngoba inja endala ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa uma ingafuni. Ingabe lokho kulalwa kuqala.
Zichitha ngokulingene, kepha ngenxa yobukhulu bejazi kuningi.
Ezempilo
Akukho cwaningo olwenziwe, ngakho-ke akunakushiwo ngokuqinisekile. Izinja zihlushwa izifo eziphathelene nezinhlobo ezinkulu: i-dysplasia, i-volvulus, izifo zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal.
Kodwa-ke, kukholakala ukuthi ziphilile kakhulu kunezinye izinja ezihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ama-mastiffs.
Imithombo eminingi ikhombisa ukuthi i-fila brasileiro iphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-9 kuye kweyi-11.
