Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) lingele-oda i-Anseriformes. Isizwe samaMaori sendawo sibiza le nyoni ngokuthi "whio".
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka linosayizi womzimba ongu-54 cm, isisindo: 680 - 1077 amagremu.
Ukuba khona kwaleli dada kuyinkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi emifuleni lapho itholakala khona.
Abantu abadala bayafana ngokubukeka, abesilisa nabesifazane. Izimpaphe zifana nombala ompunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namabala ansundu esifubeni. Umthethosivivinywa ungumbala ompunga ngombala omnyama, ukhuliswe ngokuphawulekayo ekugcineni. Ama-paws anempunga emnyama, imilenze ingaphuzi ngokwengxenye. Iris iphuzi. Lapho ucasukile noma wethukile, i-beak epithelium inikezwa ngamandla ngegazi ize iphenduke ibomvana.
Ubukhulu besilisa bukhulu kunalobo besifazane, izindawo zesifuba ziyabonakala kakhulu, izindawo zezimpaphe eziluhlaza zigqamile ekhanda, entanyeni nasemhlane. Izinguquko embala wekhava yophaphe zivezwa ikakhulukazi kowesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Umbala wezimpaphe zamadada amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyefana nezinyoni ezindala, upholile kancane. Iris imnyama. Uqhwaku lumnyama mpunga. Isifuba simbozwe ngamabala amnyama angavamile. Owesilisa ukhipha umlozi ophakeme onamahlamvu amabili "whi-o", onikele egameni lendawo lesizwe samaMaori - "inyoni ye-whio".
Indawo yokuhlala yedada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lihlala emifuleni esezintabeni nomsinga osheshayo eNyakatho Island naseSouth Island. Inamathela emifuleni ecishe ibe neziyaluyalu, ngokwengxenye ngamabhange anezihlahla notshani obuluhlaza obuyimifino.
Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lisakazeka
Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ligcwele eNew Zealand. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-anatidae emhlabeni, ezihlala ezifundeni unyaka wonke. Izinhlobo ezimbili ziyatholakala:
- ENingizimu Melika (Izifufula zeMerganette)
- eNew Guinea (idada laseSalvadori). Ihlukaniswe isiqhingi saseNyakatho neSouth Island.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Amadada aluhlaza ayasebenza. Izinyoni zihlala endaweni ezihlala kuyo unyaka wonke ngisho nasempilweni yabo yonke. Angamadada endawo futhi avikela indawo ekhethiwe unyaka wonke. Ukuze kuphile umbhangqwana owodwa, kudingeka indawo eyi-1 kuya ku-2 km eduze nomfula. Impilo yabo ilandela isigqi esithile, esiqukethe ukondla okuvamile, okuhlala cishe ihora elilodwa, bese kuphumula kuze kuse ukuze kuqale ukuphakelwa futhi kuze kube phakathi nosuku. Amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abe engasasebenzi usuku lonke bese ephinda adle kuphela ebusuku.
Ukuzalela idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akha izidleke emigodini yamadwala, imifantu, imigodi yezihlahla, noma ahlele isidleke ezimileni eziminyene ezindaweni ezikude osebeni lwemifula aze afike kumamitha angama-30 kuzo. Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuzala zisenonyaka owodwa. E-clutch kukhona ama-3 kuye ku-7, imvamisa amaqanda ayi-6, abekwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukubamba okuphindiwe kungenzeka ngoDisemba uma kushona amazinyane okuqala. Amaqanda amhlophe afukanyelwa insikazi izinsuku ezingama-33 - 35. Izinga lokuqeda cishe liyi-54%.
Predation, izikhukhula, ngokuvamile kuholele ekufeni bamba.
Cishe ama-60% amadada asinda endizeni yokuqala. Insikazi neyeduna zinakekela izinyoni ezincane izinsuku ezingama-70 kuya kwezingama-82, kuze kube yilapho amadada amancane ekwazi ukundiza.
Ukondla idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aklaba cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine zempilo yawo. Kwesinye isikhathi zondla ngisho nasebusuku, imvamisa emanzini angajulile noma osebeni lomfula. Amadada aqoqa izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla emadwaleni, ahlole imibhede yemifula emincane futhi asuse izinambuzane nezibungu zazo ezansi. Ukudla kwamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuqukethe izibungu ze-chironomidae, izimpukane ze-caddis, ama-cécidomyies. Izinyoni zibuye zidle ulwelwe, olugezwa osebeni ngumfula.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani ledada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kunzima impela ukulinganisa inani lamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uma kubhekwa ukungafinyeleleki kwezindawo zezinhlobo zabantu. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, kulezi ziqhingi kuhlala abantu abangu-2 500-3,000 noma ama-1,200 ngazimbili. Mhlawumbe ngamabhangqa angama-640 eNorth Island kanye nama-700 eSouth Island. Ukusabalala okunamandla kwezindawo zamadada aluhlaza endaweni enkulu kuvimbela ukuzalana nezinye izinhlobo zedada. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukwehla kwesibalo samadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yezinye izinto. Lokhu kuhlehla kwenzeka ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukudliwa kwangaphambili, ukuncintisana nezinhlanzi ze-salmon, ezikhuliswa endaweni yamadada nemisebenzi yabantu.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zesiqhingi zinomthelela omkhulu ekwehleni kwamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-ermine, ngempilo yayo edlayo, idala umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kubantu bamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesikhathi sokwakha isidleke, uhlasela abesifazane, abhubhise amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. Amagundane, ama-possum, amakati ezifuywayo nezinja nazo zidla amaqanda amadada.
Imisebenzi yabantu ilimaza izindawo zamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuhamba ngesikebhe sabavakashi, ukudoba, ukuzingela, ukuzalanisa ama-trout kungezinye zezinto eziphazamisayo eziphazamisa ukondliwa kwamadada ezindaweni ezihlala njalo. Izinyoni ziwela emanetheni ahlukanisiwe, zishiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala ngenxa yokungcola kwemizimba yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwamadada kuyinkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi emifuleni.Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nezinhlelo zokunisela kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala yamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Okusho umuntu
Amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yizinyoni ezikhangayo nezihehayo zemvelo yaseNew Zealand. Ziyindawo ebalulekile yokubuka ababukeli bezinyoni nabanye abathandi bezilwane zasendle.
Isimo sokonga sedada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinsongo ezithinta amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zenza lezi zinhlobo zingavamile futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa. Kusukela ngo-1988, iqhinga lezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo belisebenza, ngenxa yalokho kuqoqwe ulwazi ngokusatshalaliswa kwamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukubalwa kwawo, imvelo kanye nokwehluka kwezimo zokuhlala emifuleni ehlukene. Ulwazi ngamasu asetshenziselwe ukubuyisa amadada aluhlaza kuye kwandiswa ngemizamo yokudlulisa nokuqwashisa umphakathi. I-Blue Ducks Conservation Action Plan yamukelwa ngo-1997 futhi njengamanje iyasebenza.
Inani lezinyoni cishe lingabantu abayi-1200 kanti isilinganiso sobulili sigudluzelwa kwabesilisa. Izinyoni zithola izinsongo ezinkulu eSouth Island. Ukuzalanisa ngokuthumba nokuvuselelwa kohlobo lwazo kwenziwa ezindaweni ezi-5 lapho kudalwe khona abantu abavikelwe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Idada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lingelenhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa. Kuluhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
