Idada elimnyama lase-Afrika (i-Anas sparsa) lingelomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Idada elimnyama lase-Afrika linosayizi womzimba ongu-58 cm, isisindo: 760 - 1077 gram.
Izimpaphe zokuzalela izimpaphe nangaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa cishe kuyafana. Kumadada amadala, izingxenye ezingaphezulu zomzimba zinsundu. Imivimbo yethinti eliphuzi ime kakhulu ngemuva nangengxenye engezansi yesisu. Kwesinye isikhathi umgexo omhlophe o-wavy uhlobisa isifuba esingenhla. Umsila onsundu. Izimpaphe zemfundo ephakeme kanye nezomsila zinemibala emhlophe.
Umzimba wonke umnyama, unemigqa emhlophe nephuzi. Zonke izimpaphe zokumboza amaphiko zinombala ofanayo nowangemuva, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezinkulu zekhava, ezinendawo ebanzi emhlophe, kanti izimpaphe zamaphiko zesibili zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngezansi kwamaphiko kunsundu ngamathiphu amhlophe. Izindawo ezingaphansi kwabamhlophe zimhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama kakhulu.
Insikazi inezimpaphe ezimnyama, ezicishe zibe mnyama kuneduna. Ubukhulu bedada buncane, ikakhulukazi lapho izinyoni zakha ipheya. Isembozo sezimpaphe zamadada amancane sinombala ofanayo nalowo wezinyoni ezindala, kepha imivimbo ayihlukile kangako ngemuva. Isisu simhlophe, kunamabala amancane kakhulu phezulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abekho. Amachashazi aphuzi emsileni. "Isibuko" sibuthuntu. Izimpaphe ezinkulu zekhava azilutho.
Umbala wemilenze nezinyawo uyehlukahluka kunsundu ophuzi, onsundu, nowolintshi. U-Iris onsundu ngokumnyama. Kubantu abathile be-subspecies A. s. i-sparsa, i-grey-shale bill, ingxenye emnyama. Amadada A. s leucostigma anomlomo o-pink onethebhu kanye nama-culmen amnyama. Ama-subspecies A. s maclatchyi anomlomo omnyama, ngaphandle kwesisekelo sawo.
Izindawo zokuhlala zedada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika akhetha imifula engajulile egeleza ngokushesha.
Zibhukuda emanzini bese ziphumula onqenqemeni lwamatshe atholakala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezikude nezintaba. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlala ezindaweni ezingamamitha angama-4250 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izinyoni zithola imihlaba evulekile ehlukahlukene, eyomile futhi emanzi. Bahlala ogwini lwamachibi, amachibi kanye nasemilonyeni yemifula enamadiphozi esihlabathi. Zitholakala nasemifuleni egeleza kancane bese intanta emanzini angasemuva. Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika avakashela indawo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
Ngesikhathi sokuncinza, lapho amadada engandizi, athola amakhona acashile anezimila eziminyene budebuduze nezindawo zokudla, futhi aqhubeke ngasogwini, aminyene nezihlahla, lapho ungathola isiphephelo khona njalo.
Idada elimnyama lase-Afrika lasakazeka
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika asatshalaliswa ezwenikazi i-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara. Insimu yabo yokusatshalaliswa ihlanganisa iNigeria, iCameroon neGabon. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwedada alukho emahlathini amaningi ashisayo aseCentral Africa nasezindaweni ezomile zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwekazi nase-Angola. Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika asakazeke kabanzi eMpumalanga ye-Afrika naseningizimu ye-Afrika. Zitholakala e-Ethiopia naseSudan ziye eCape of Good Hope. Bahlala e-Uganda, Kenya naseZaire.
Izinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi komhlaba zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni:
- A. sparsa (subspecies nominal) isatshalaliswa eningizimu ye-Afrika, Zambia naseMozambique.
- A. leucostigma isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke insimu, ngaphandle kweGabon.
- Ama-subspecies A. maclatchyi ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi zaseGabon naseningizimu yeCameroon.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlala ngababili noma emindenini. Njengamadada amaningi omfula emfuleni, banobudlelwano obuqine kakhulu, abalingani bahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside.
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika adla kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Usuku lonke lichithwa emthunzini wezitshalo emanzini. Bathola ukudla okujwayelekile kwabamele idada, abacwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini, kushiye ngemuva umzimba nomsila ngaphezulu, kanti ikhanda nentamo yabo kugxilizwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kwenzeka kaningi ukudilika.
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika yizinyoni ezinamahloni kakhulu futhi zikhetha ukuhlala zinganyakazi ogwini bese zigijimela emanzini lapho umuntu eza.
Ukuzalela idada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Isikhathi sokuzalela kumadada amnyama ase-Afrika sehluka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kuya ngesifunda:
- kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuDisemba esifundeni saseKapa,
- kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti eZambia,
- ngoJanuwari-Julayi e-Ethiopia.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamadada ase-Afrika, zihlala esidlekeni phakathi nenkathi eyomile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi zihlala ezikhukhuleni zemifula emikhulu, lapho kwakha imvula enkulu yesikhashana. Kuzo zonke izimo, isidleke sisemhlabathini otshanini noma esiqhingini esihlukile esakhiwe ngamagatsha antantayo, iziqu, noma ukugezwa osebeni njengamanje. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihlela izidleke ezihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele.
I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-8; owesifazane kuphela ohlala kuwo izinsuku ezingama-30. Amadada amancane ahlala endaweni yokwakha isidleke cishe izinsuku ezingama-86. Ngalesi sikhathi, idada kuphela elondla inzalo nokushayela. UDrake uyasuswa ekunakekeleni amatshwele.
Ukudla kwedada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Amadada amnyama ase-Afrika ayizinyoni ezidla umhlanganiso.
Badla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla kwezitshalo. Badla izitshalo zasemanzini, imbewu, okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, izithelo ezivela ezihlahleni zasemhlabeni kanye nezihlahlana ezilengiswe ngaphezu kwamanje. Baphinde bakhethe amajikijolo avela kuhlobo lwe-muriers (Morus) nezihlahlana (Pryacantha). Izinhlamvu zivunwa emasimini avuniwe.
Ngokwengeziwe, amadada amnyama ase-Afrika adla izilwane ezincane kanye nemfucumfucu ephilayo. Ukudla kufaka izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ama-crustaceans, onoshobishobi, kanye namaqanda kanye nefry ngenkathi kuzalwa izinhlanzi.
Isimo sokongiwa kwedada elimnyama lase-Afrika
Idada elimnyama lase-Afrika liningi impela, lisuka kubantu abangama-29,000 kuya kwabangama-70,000. Izinyoni azinazo izinsongo ezinkulu endaweni yazo. Ngaphandle kokuthi indawo yokuhlala inkulu futhi ingaphezulu kwamamitha skwele ayizigidi eziyi-9. km, idada elimnyama lase-Afrika alikho kuzo zonke izindawo, ngoba indlela yokuziphatha yalolu hlobo ivinjelwe kakhulu futhi iyimfihlo, ngakho-ke ubukhulu buphansi. Idada elimnyama lase-Afrika livame kakhulu eningizimu ye-Afrika.
Izinhlobo zinomkhakha onezinsongo ezincane kunenqwaba yawo. Njengamanje, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyakhathaza, ngokungangabazeki okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amaqembu abantu.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kw2ia2nxlc
