NgeSonto, iqembu lochwepheshe bamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokongiwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile limemezele ukuthi ipanda elikhulu aliseyona inhlobo esengozini. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lezinkawu ezinkulu lehla njalo.
Imizamo eyenziwe ukusindisa ipanda elikhulu ekugcineni ithole imiphumela ebonakalayo. Ibhere elimnyama nelimhlophe eliyisithonjana manje selisesimweni esingenakulinganiswa, kodwa alisabalwa njengelinyamalalayo.
Isimo sencwadi ebomvu sebambo woqalo sakhuliswa njengoba inani lalezi zilwane endle likhule ngokuqinile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kwathi ngo-2014 lase lenyuke ngamaphesenti ayi-17. Kwakukulo nyaka lapho kwenziwa khona ukubalwa kwabantu kwama-pandas angu-1 850 ezweni lonke ahlala endle. Ukuqhathanisa, ngo-2003, ngesikhathi sokubalwa kwabantu kokugcina, kwakukhona abantu abangu-1600 kuphela.
IPanda enkulu ibisengozini yokuqothulwa kusukela ngo-1990. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwabantu kulezi zilwane kwakuwukuzingela ngokungemthetho, okwakhulunywa kakhulu ngawo-1980, nokwehla okuqinile ezindaweni okwakuhlala kuzo ama-pandas. Lapho uhulumeni waseChina eqala ukulondoloza ama-pandas amakhulu, kwaqala ukuhlaselwa kwabazingeli abazingelayo (manje sekukhishwa isigwebo sentambo ngokubulawa kwepanda elikhulu eChina). Ngasikhathi sinye, baqala ukukhulisa ngenkuthalo indawo yokuhlala kwama-pandas amakhulu.
I-China njengamanje inezindawo ezingama-panda ezingama-67 ezifana namapaki kazwelonke aseMelika ngezindlela eziningi. Ngaphezu kokuthi izenzo ezinjalo zinomthelela ekukhuleni kwenani lama-pandas amakhulu, lokhu kunomthelela omuhle esimweni sabanye abafelokazi bezilwane abahlala kulezi zindawo. Isibonelo, inhlwathi yaseTibetan, eyayiyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothuka ngenxa yejazi layo elincanyana, nayo yaqala ukusimama. Lezi zinhlobo ezihlala ezintabeni manje sezibhalwe kuRed Book ngokuthi "zisesimweni esibucayi."
Ukuthuthuka okunjalo kwesimo sama-pandas amakhulu, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, kungokwemvelo, ngoba iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza kanzima kulesi siqondiso ibingalethi imiphumela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uMark Brody, uMeluleki oMkhulu Wezokulondolozwa Nokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme eWolong Nature Reserve eChina, uthi asikho isidingo sokugxumela eziphethweni lapho kukhulunywa ngokwanda kwabantu okunamandla. Mhlawumbe iphuzu ukuthi isibalo se-panda sesibe ngcono. Ngokubona kwakhe, imizamo kahulumeni waseChina ithembekile impela futhi iyancomeka, kepha asisekho isizathu esanele sokwehlisa isimo se-panda enkulu isuka ezilwaneni ezisengozini isengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kwendawo ephelele yama-pandas amakhulu, ikhwalithi yale ndawo iyehla. Isizathu esikhulu ukwahlukana okuqhubekayo kwezindawo okubangelwe ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha okusebenzayo esifundazweni saseSichuan kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu.
Kepha uma isikhundla se-panda sithuthuke okungenani ngombono, lapho-ke ngezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni - ama-gorilla asempumalanga - izinto zimbi kakhulu. Kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, inani labantu liye lehla ngamaphesenti angu-70! Ngokusho kochwepheshe abasemthethweni, abantu ukuphela kwezinhlobo zama-primate ezingekho engozini. Izizathu zalokhu ziyaziwa kakhulu - kuwukuzingela inyama yezilwane zasendle ngokungemthetho, ukubambelela ukuthengiswa nokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezindawo zokuhlala. Eqinisweni, sidla izihlobo zethu, ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso.
Inselelo enkulu yama-gorilla ukuzingela. Ngenxa yakhe, isibalo salezi zilwane sehle sisuka ku-17 000 ngo-1994 saya ezinkulungwaneni ezine ngo-2015. Isimo esibucayi sama-gorilla singadonsela ukunakekela komphakathi ezinkingeni zalesi silwane. Ngeshwa, naphezu kokuthi lena yinkawu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngasizathu simbe isikhundla sayo sasinganakwa. Isifunda okuwukuphela kwaso lapho inani lama-gorilla asezintabeni (ama-subspecies weqembu lasempumalanga) anganciphi yiDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda ne-Uganda. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwezemvelo. Kepha, ngeshwa, lezi zilwane zimbalwa kakhulu - zingaphansi kwenkulungwane.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zonke ziyanyamalala kanye nezilwane. Isibonelo, eHawaii, kungaphela izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-87% ezingama-415. Ukubhujiswa kwezimbali kusongela ama-pandas amakhulu. Ngokwamanye amamodeli wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuzayo, ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka indawo yehlathi loqalo izobe seyincishisiwe ngengxenye yesithathu. Ngakho-ke kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuphumula ezintweni esizitholile, futhi ukongiwa kwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa kufanele kube ngumsebenzi wesikhathi eside.
