I-osprey esempumalanga (Pandion cristatus) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-osprey esempumalanga
I-osprey esempumalanga inesilinganiso esimaphakathi cishe samasentimitha angama-55.
Isisindo: 990 kuya ku-1910.
Kulesi silwane esidliwayo esinezimpaphe, izingxenye zomzimba ezingenhla zinombala onsundu onsundu noma onsundu. Intamo nesingezansi kumhlophe. Ikhanda limhlophe, linama-interlayer amnyama, ikama linsundu onsundu. Umugqa omnyama uqala kusukela ngemuva kweso futhi uqhubeke ngentamo. Isifuba sinomugqa obanzi onsundu ngokubomvu noma onsundu kanye nemivimbo emnyama nansundu. Lo mlingiswa uboniswa ngokusobala kwabesifazane, kepha cishe akekho kwabesilisa. Izindwangu ezingaphansi zimhlophe noma mpunga okhanyayo namabala amnyama ezihlakaleni. Ngezansi komsila kukhona umbala onsundu omhlophe noma ompunga. Iris iphuzi. Umbala wemilenze nezinyawo uyehluka kusuka kokumhlophe ukuya kokumpunga okukhanyayo.
Insikazi inkudlwana kuneyesilisa. Isihlangu sesifuba sakhe sibukhali. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukile kubazali bazo ngombala ophuzi-olintshi we-iris yeso. I-Eastern Osprey yehlukile kune-European Osprey ngobukhulu bayo obuncane nangamaphiko amafushane.
Izindawo zokuhlala zasempumalanga osprey
I-osprey esempumalanga inezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene:
- amaxhaphozi,
- izindawo ezimbozwe ngamanzi eduze nogu,
- imifula, amatheku, amadwala ngasolwandle,
- amabhishi,
- imilomo yomfula,
- umhlume.
Enyakatho ne-Australia, lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama lungabonakala nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, ngasemizimbeni yamanzi, ogwini lwamachibi amakhulu nemifula, isiteshi sayo sibanzi impela, kanye nasezixhaphozini ezinkulu.
Kwezinye izifunda, i-osprey esempumalanga ithanda amawa aphakeme neziqhingi eziphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kodwa futhi ivela ezindaweni ezinodaka eziphansi, emabhishi anesihlabathi, eduze kwamadwala neziqhingi zamakhorali. Lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama lutholakala kuma-biotopes angajwayelekile afana namaxhaphozi, amahlathi kanye namahlathi. Ubukhona bazo bunquma ukutholakala kwezindawo zokudla ezifanele.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-osprey esempumalanga
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-osprey esempumalanga akuhambelani negama layo elithile. Iphinde isabalale e-Indonesia, ePhilippines, ePalaud Islands, eNew Guinea, eSolomon Islands naseNew Caledonia kakhulu kunezwekazi lase-Australia. Indawo yokusabalalisa ilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-117,000 e-Australia kuphela. Ihlala kakhulu ogwini olusentshonalanga nasenyakatho neziqhingi ezingasemngceleni we-Albany (Western Australia) neLake Macquarie eNew South Wales.
Inani lesibili labantu elingalodwa lihlala ogwini oluseningizimu, kusukela emaphethelweni etheku kuya eCape Spencer naseKangaroo Island. Izici zokuziphatha kwe-osprey esempumalanga.
I-Eastern Osprey ihlala yodwa noma ngababili, kuyaqabukela ngamaqembu emindeni.
Ezwenikazi lase-Australia, amabhangqa azala ngokwahlukana. ENew South Wales, izidleke zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamakhilomitha ama-1-3. Izinyoni ezindala ezifuna ukudla zihamba amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka lapho.
I-osprey esempumalanga ihlala phansi. Isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, izinyoni ezidla inyama zibonisa ubudlova, zivikela indawo yazo kontanga yazo nakwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Izinyoni ezincane azizinikele kangako endaweni ethile, ziyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu, kepha, ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, zivame ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo zokuzalwa.
Ukuzala i-Eastern Osprey
I-osprey yaseMpumalanga imvamisa iyizinyoni ezizodwa, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi, insikazi ikhwelana nabesilisa abaningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla iziqhingi, isithembu akuyona into engavamile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke. E-Australia, inkathi yokuzalanisa iqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuFebhuwari. Isikhathi siyahlukahluka kuye ngobubanzi; izinyoni ezihlala esidlekeni saseningizimu ngemuva kwesikhathi.
Izidleke ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nokuma, kepha ngokuvamile zikhulu impela. Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko ngamagatsha anezingcezu zokhuni. Isidleke sisegatsheni elingenalutho lezihlahla, amatshe afile, izinqwaba zamatshe. Zitholakala nasemhlabathini, ezinkalweni zasolwandle, kuma-corails, emabhishi angenamuntu, izindunduma zesihlabathi, kanye nezindawo ezinosawoti.
I-Osprey ibuye isebenzise izakhiwo zokwakha zokwakha ezinjengama-pylones, ama-piers, izibani zokukhanyisa, imibhoshongo yokuhamba, ama-cranes, izikebhe ezicwile kanye namapulatifomu. Izinyoni ezidla izidleke endaweni efanayo iminyaka eminingana.
Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ayi-1 kuya kwayi-4 (imvamisa ama-2 noma ama-3).
Umbala umhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi unamabala amnyama ansundu noma imicu. Ukufukamela kuhlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-33 kuye kwezingu-38. Zombili izinyoni ziyafukamela, kodwa ikakhulukazi ezensikazi. Iduna liletha ukudla ematshweleni nasesikazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthi izinyoni ezincane zikhule kancane, i-osprey endala yondla inzalo ndawonye.
Izinyoni ezincane zisuka esidlekeni zinamasonto angaba yisi-7 kuya kwayi-11 ubudala, kepha zihlala zibuyele esidlekeni isikhashana ukuthola ukudla kubazali bazo ezinye izinyanga ezi-2. I-Eastern Osprey ivamise kuba nemabele lanye kuphela ngemnyaka, kepha ingabeka emacandza emahlandla lamabili ngesikhatsi uma timo tivuna. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama aluzali minyaka yonke iminyaka yonke, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nekhefu leminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Izinga lokusinda kwezinkukhu liphansi kwezinye izifunda ze-Ausralie, ezisukela ku-0.9 kuye ku-1.1 amaphuphu ngokwesilinganiso.
Ukudla kwaseMpumalanga Osprey
I-Eastern Osprey idla kakhulu izinhlanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ibamba ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi zidliwayo ziyasebenza emini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zizingela ebusuku. Izinyoni cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi zisebenzisa isu elifanayo: zihamba phezu kwamanzi agobhozayo, zindiza zizungeze futhi zihlole indawo yamanzi zize zibone izinhlanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi baphinde babambe kusukela ekuqamekeleni.
Lapho ithola inyamazane, i-osprey izulazula okwesikhashana bese igxumela imilenze yayo phambili ukuze ibambe isisulu sayo eduze kwamanzi. Lapho izingela eqhugwaneni, ngokushesha igxila kulokho okuqondiwe, bese ishona ijule, kwesinye isikhathi ifike kumitha elilodwa ukujula. Lezi zinyoni nazo ziyakwazi ukuthatha inyamazane ukuze ziyibhubhise eduze kwesidleke.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-osprey esempumalanga
I-Eastern Osprey ayibonwa i-IUCN njengenhlobo edinga ukuvikelwa. Ayikho idatha kunombolo ephelele. Yize lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu e-Australia, ukusatshalaliswa kwalo akulingani kakhulu. Ukwehla kwenani labantu abasempumalanga kubangelwa ikakhulu ukonakala kwendawo abahlala kuyo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha. ENhlonhlweni yase-Eyre eningizimu ye-Australia, lapho izidleke zamaqhubu zidla khona phansi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezihlahla, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyingozi enkulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuthi nezibulala-zinambuzane nakho kubangela ukwehla kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobungozi kunomthelela ekwandeni kwenani lezinyoni.
