I-catfish ene-speckled noma i-corridor enamachashazi (lat. Corydoras paleatus) ingenye yezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezidumile ze-aquarium. I-catfish enokuthula, iqinile futhi kulula ukuyizala.
Equkethe ama-aquariums iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, yatholwa okokuqala ngo-1830. Ungomunye wezinhlanzi zokuqala ezazalelwa ekuthunjweni, ngokokuqala ngqa bathola gazinga emuva ngo-1876, eParis. Umbiko wokuqala wokuzalela ngempumelelo uhlehlela emuva ngonyaka we-1876.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Ivela eNingizimu Melika futhi yaqala ukuchazwa nguCharles Darwin ngo-1830. Uhlala emifuleni nasemifudlaneni yelinye lamachibi amakhulu emifula eRio de la Plata.
Kutholakala emifuleni e-Argentina, eBrazil, eParaguay nase-Uruguay. Igama lesayensi liqukethe amagama esiLatini athi Cory (isigqoko sokuzivikela), ama-doras (isikhumba), ne-palea (umlotha, ukusikisela kombala wawo).
Lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo zisebenzisa amaphiko azo we-pectoral. Abesilisa benza imisindo ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesifazane nabancane lapho becindezelekile.
Ukuxakaniseka kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi ezingathobekile, ezinokuthula, zokufunda isikole. Inconyelwe abaqalayo, inqobo nje uma kukhona ukondla okwanele nokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile.
Incazelo
Umhubhe onamachashazi, owaziwa kangcono njenge-catfish enamachashazi, yi-catfish edume kakhulu futhi esabalele yohlobo. Umhubhe wethusi kuphela (uCorydoras aenus) kanye ne-panda catfish abangancintisana naye.
Zikhula zibe zincane, abesilisa baze bafike ku-5 cm, bese kuthi abesifazane babe ngamasentimitha ayisi-6. Umzimba u-squat, umbozwe amapuleti amathambo, lapho kuvela khona igama lesayensi lomndeni - uCallichthyidae noma i-catfish yezikhali.
Emhlathini ongaphezulu kunezimbili zentshebe ngosizo lwenhlanzi ethola ukudla ezansi.
Umbala womzimba ngumnqumo ophaphathekile onombala oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuhlakazeka kwamabala amnyama kuhlakazekile emzimbeni, futhi akuphindeki kubantu ababili ngasikhathi sinye.
Amaphiko asobala, ekugcineni kwephiko kukhona umugqa omnyama ogijima emisebeni yokuqala. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-albino nezegolide sezakhiwe ICatfish ebanjwe emvelweni inokungafani okuningi emabala, nombala ogqamile kunalawo akhuliswe e-aquarium.
Lokhu kungenxa yesondlo esinde kwezinye izimo kanye nokuzalanisa nezihlobo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengu-10, kepha kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi nasezimweni zokuboshwa. Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, ukushesha komzimba futhi impilo imfushane.
Njengamanye amaphaseji, anezimagqabhagqabha kwesinye isikhathi anyukela phezulu ukuthatha umoya-mpilo. Bangakwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo womoya ngokuwuthatha ngaphezulu bese bewuqothula emathunjini.
Ngezikhathi ezithile bayakhuphuka ngemuva kwayo, kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, inani lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ku-aquarium lingahle liphansi futhi kufanele kuvulwe i-aeration.
Njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-catfish, i-catfish enemibala inezinsipho ezicijile ngaphansi kwamehlo, ngaphansi kwe-adipose fin, naku-dorsal. Zivimbela inhlanzi enkulu ekuyigwinyeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho ufaka, i-catfish ingadideka enetheni, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitsha noma inetha elenziwe ngendwangu eminyene.
ICatfish inokuthula kakhulu futhi iyasebenza usuku lonke, yize ingahlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, ifuna ukudla. Kungcono ukugcina umhlambi onamachashazi, njengoba bethanda ukuhlala eqenjini.
Ukuhambisana
Ilungele ama-aquariums amancane namakhulu amakhulu, amachashazi enza kahle kakhulu emihlambini yabantu abathathu kuya kwabahlanu.
Omakhelwane abalungele yena bangama-barbs anokuthula, i-zebrafish, abathwali bokuphila, i-killifish, ama-tetra amancane, nama-cichlids amancane afana neRamirezi.
Khumbula ukuthi i-catfish iyawathanda amanzi apholile futhi igweme ukuwagcina nezinhlobo zamanzi afudumele njenge-discus. Futhi, ungagcini izinhlanzi ezinamachashazi nezinhlobo ezinkulu nezinolaka.
Okuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi ezingezansi ezichitha usuku lonke zifuna ukudla emhlabathini, zidinga umhlabathi ophakathi nendawo, isihlabathi noma amatshe amnandi, okungcono imibala emnyama. Amatshe amade, ikakhulukazi lawo anemiphetho ebukhali, azolimaza imisipha yawo ebucayi.
Izitshalo ezibukhoma zizophelela, kepha okwenziwayo kungakhishwa ngazo. Izitshalo ezintantayo nazo azilimazi, i-catfish ithanda ukukhanya okuthambile okusakazekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi udinga ikhava eningi ukuze izinhlanzi ezinamachashazi zikwazi ukucasha. IDriftwood kuyindlela enhle; bobabili bazohlobisa i-aquarium futhi bakhe izindawo zokukhosela.
Amanzi kufanele abanda kancane kunokujwayelekile kwezinhlanzi ezishisayo. Amazinga okushisa 20 - 24 ° C, noma nangaphansi. Amachashazi awawathandi amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-25 ° C, ngakho-ke kungcono ukupholisa amanzi kuleli hlobo elishisayo.
Kukhethwa amanzi athambile, kepha i-catfish ihlala kuyo ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Futhi babekezelela amanani we-pH ahlukile aze afike ku-7.0 nangaphezulu.
Kudingeka kuphela ukugwema amanzi ane-asidi kakhulu, nezinguquko ezisheshayo zepharamitha. Into esemqoka ukuthi imingcele yamanzi akho ibizinzile, futhi leyo emabala izozivumelanisa nayo.
Ukondla
I-catfish enamachashazi akhetha ukudla okuphilayo, kepha ngeke ayeke amaqhwa, ama-granules, ama-flakes, noma amaphilisi. Izinhlobo eziphilayo ezihamba phambili yizibungu zegazi, i-brine shrimp kanye ne-tubifex.
Zondla kuphela kusuka ezansi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zithola ukudla okwanele. Ukucwilisa i-catfish feed kuyisinqumo esihle uma ungafuni ukondla bukhoma.
Yize ezinamachashazi zisebenza usuku lonke, zivame ukondla ebusuku, ngakho ukuphonsa amaphilisi ambalwa ekushoneni kwelanga kuwumqondo omuhle.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Akunzima ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa ku-catfish enemibala, izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu futhi ziyindilinga esiswini.
Uma ubukwa ngenhla, umehluko ubonakala kakhulu njengoba owesifazane ebanzi. Abesilisa banesiphetho sangemuva esikhulu kakhulu, kanti i-anal ikhombe kakhulu.
Abesilisa nabo bayakhanya. Akunzima ukucacisa ubulili ngeso elinolwazi.
Ukuzala
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukuzala i-catfish enamachashazi akunzima, empeleni, kungenye yezinhlanzi zokuqala ezafuywa e-aquarium.
Ingazala ngisho nase-aquarium ejwayelekile. ICatfish ibeka amaqanda, kepha angawadla, okusho ukuthi ama-aquariums ahlukene adingekayo ukuzala nokukhulisa gazinga.
Ukuze ukhiqize kabusha, udinga ama-pair noma amathathu: owesifazane nabesilisa ababili. Abanye abalimi beluleka abesilisa abaningi nangaphezulu kowesifazane ngamunye.
Abakhiqizi kufanele bondliwe ukudla okuphilayo - ama-bloodworms, ama-brine shrimp, i-daphnia, i-tubifex. Kungukudla okunothe ngamaphrotheni okukhuthaza ukuzala. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola eyodwa bukhoma, ungayondla iqandisiwe.
Insikazi ekulungele ukuzala iyoba mkhulu ngokwedlulele, futhi ngokuvamile izinhlanzi zizosebenza ngokwengeziwe. Kwabesifazane, isisu singathatha umbala obomvu, futhi imisebe yokuqala ye-pectoral fin nayo ingashintsha ibe bomvu.
Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukubuyisela inani elikhulu lamanzi ezindaweni zokuzalela (cishe ama-30%), ngamanzi asezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi ngethonsi lokushisa lama-5 degrees, kulingisa inkathi yemvula ngokwemvelo.
Futhi lokhu kuyisiqalo sokuqala kokuzala. Uma ukuzala kungaqali kungakapheli usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, phinda inqubo futhi.
Ukutshalwa kwe-catfish emachashazi kufana nokuthi wonke amapaseji azala kanjani.
Okokuqala, owesilisa uvusa insikazi ngezimpondo zakhe, umkitaza emhlane nasezinhlangothini. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uthatha ukuma kwendabuko okwenziwe ngo-T kumaphaseji. Lapho umzimba wakhe wakhe i-engeli elungile maqondana nekhala lowesifazane. Ngalo mzuzu uwena
lets ubisi. Kuze kube namuhla, kunezimpikiswano ngokuthi amaqanda amaqanda anemishwe angamachashazi afakwa kanjani. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi insikazi iyagwinya ubisi, iludlulise emathunjini bese ilukhipha emaqandeni, alugcina emaphikweni ezinqeni.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ubisi lukhishelwa emlonyeni wowesifazane, futhi yena, ebadlulisa phakathi kwezigilo, uqondisa umzimba angene emaqandeni.
Lapho iqanda selivundisiwe, lezi zibhangqwana ziyahlukana bese insikazi ibambelela eqandeni endaweni ekhethwe futhi yahlanzwa. Kungaba ingilazi, ukuhlunga, izitshalo.
Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqanda ebekwa, owesilisa uqala ukuvusa insikazi futhi nenkambiso yokukhwelana iyaphindwa. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuze kufike amaqanda angamakhulu amabili noma amathathu evundiswa futhi alandelwe e-aquarium.
Ukuzala kudonsa ihora noma ngaphezulu. Lapho ukuzala sekuphelile, abazali kufanele basuswe ku-aquarium njengoba bekwazi ukudla amaqanda.
Amaqanda azovuthwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-6, yize isikhathi sincike emazingeni okushisa, ukufudumala kwamanzi, kuyashesha. Amanzi apholile anganweba ubude obufinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-8.
Ngokushesha nje lapho i-fry hatch, ingaphakelwa ngokudla okuncane kakhulu: ama-cyclops, i-brine shrimp larva, i-microworm, noma ukudla okunegama, umhlabathi uthuli.
Kubalulekile ukugcina amanzi ehlanzekile nezinguquko ezijwayelekile.
Izifo
Ama-catfish amachashazi amelana nezifo. Ezingxenyeni, singabona ukuzwela kokuqukethwe kwama-nitrate emanzini, ngokudlulele, izimpondo ziqala ukufa.
