IMollienesia (lat. Mollienesia) yizinhlanzi zasemanzini ezaziwa ngisho nalabo abasezintweni zokuzilibazisa. Kepha angazi wonke umuntu ukuthi empeleni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zazo: emnyama, iqhwa, ivelifera, isphenops, i-latipina
Kodwa-ke, noma yiziphi izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo oziqamba igama, zonke ziyathandwa futhi zivamile e-aquarium futhi zingezinhlobo ezifanayo, yize kwesinye isikhathi zibukeka zehluke kakhulu.
Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi banezinzuzo eziningi - banokuthula, baqinile kakhulu futhi abathobekile, abashibhile, futhi bayazala nje.
Lezi izinhlanzi zaseMelika kuphela, njengoba zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo zasendle zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili - ezinamaphiko amafushane, njengama-mollies amnyama, nezinkulu, ezifana ne-velifera noma i-marbled.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Yizinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti ezivela kuhlobo lwePoecilia, ingxenye yomndeni wakwaPoeciliidae. Lezi zinhlanzi zizalwa eMelika, kepha indawo yazo yokuhlala ingahluka kakhulu. Ikakhulu ihlala ezifundeni ezisogwini eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, kepha itholakala nasezindaweni lapho imifula igelezela olwandle, emanzini amunyu.
Izwekazi lonke lingabizwa njengezwe lakubo, lisakazeke kakhulu.
- AmaMollies amnyama noma amaSfenops (amaPoecilia sphenops) ahlala kusuka eMexico kuya ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ze-United States.
- UMollienesia latipinna (Poecilia latipinna) uhlala ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States naseMexico.
- IVelifera (Poecilia velifera) noma ama-mollies aphezulu (useyili) ungowokuzalwa ezifundeni ezisogwini zaseYucatan naseMexico.
Zonke zihlukaniswa ngobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, ukungathobeki nokwenziwa omnivorousness, okubenza bavame kakhulu kulezi zindawo.
Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zavela kuma-aquariums ekuqaleni kuka-1899, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezivela ngo-1920.
Manje usungathola ama-mollies amnyama, amakhekheba eqhwa (amhlophe ngokuphelele noma aphuzi), isiliva, ezindaweni. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ziyaqhubeka zikhula futhi zanda ngokuthandwa.
Incazelo
Ama-mollies amnyama angenye yezinhlobo ezakhiwe ngokufakelwa ngo-1930, ifinyelela ku-6-10 cm ku-aquarium, kuze kufike ku-12 cm ngokwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sicishe sibe yiminyaka emi-3, kepha kungenzeka sibe side.
Umnyama unomzimba omnyama ngokuphelele, umthunzi ojulile we-velvety. Imvamisa kunezinhlobo ezinomphetho womsila ngendlela yehadi, ihabhu elimnyama.
ILatipina ikhula ize ifike ku-10 cm ku-aquarium, ize ifike ku-20 cm ngokwemvelo. Umbala womzimba unsundu onsundu ngamachashazi amnyama naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isici esihlukile yisiphetho esiphezulu se-dorsal.
I-velifera ngokuvamile icishe ifane ne-latipina, kepha manje ithole ukubukeka okusha nokuthandwayo - ukubukeka okumhlophe ngokuphelele kuthathwe kuyo - i-snowball.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi ezilula nezingathobekile ezifanele kahle abaqalayo ukuzilibazisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-molly emnyama ethandwayo nejwayelekile.
Udinga ukuthi uqaphele kuphela ngamafomu e-disc noma, njengoba abizwa kanjalo, ibhaluni, ngenxa yesimo sawo esigobile, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo singaphansi kwaleyo yezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuma kwebhaluni yi-scoliosis, nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
Kuma-novice aquarists, ama-black mollies ajwayelekile amnyama ayindlela engcono kakhulu njengoba engafuneki kangako, kulula ukufuya futhi adinga amathangi amancane.
Ukugcina zonke izinhlobo, udinga i-aquarium ekhule kahle, ebanzi ngokwanele. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinto eziningi zezitshalo ne-algae.
Ukondla
Ungondla kanjani ama-mollies? Izinhlanzi ezinomsoco ezidla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okubukhoma, okweqhwa noma okwenziwe.
Kepha, badinga inani elikhulu kakhulu lokudla nge-fiber yezitshalo, njenge-algae noma imifino. Iqiniso ngukuthi emvelweni, izinhlanzi zinama-algae amaningi nokungcola okuhlukahlukene ekudleni, izindebe nokuziphatha kwazo kukhombisa lokhu. Bajwayele ukubonwa bekhuhla ukungcola engilazini nasekuhlobiseni e-aquarium. Basebenzisa izindebe zabo ukuzikhuhla ebusweni.
Kusuka kokudla kwemifino, indlela elula ukunikeza ama-flakes nge-spirulina, noma izingcezu zamakhukhamba abilisiwe, i-zucchini, ulethisi.
Kusuka ezilwaneni - ama-bloodworms, i-tubifex, i-brine shrimp. Ngokuvamile, azikho izinkinga ngokudla, into esemqoka okufanele ikhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla kwezitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Izifunzo ezingezona ezokwenziwa ezifana nama-flakes namapellets yizinketho ezinhle. Zama ukubangeza nokunye ukudla ukuze unikeze izakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene.
Ukudla okubukhoma nokubandayo kuyimithombo emihle kakhulu yamaprotheni. Ama-bloodworms ne-brine shrimp azodliwa ngenjabulo, kepha iningi lezinye izinketho zisebenza kahle futhi.
Bondle ukudla okuncane kabili ngosuku. Lokhu kunikeza uhlelo lwazo lokugaya ukudla amandla okucubungula ukudla. Banike okungakanani abangakudla ngemizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa kwe-Aquarium
Endle, izindawo ezihlala ama-mollies zingahluka kakhulu. Bazivumelanise nezimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukubekezelelana kwamanzi amnkantsha kanye namazinga aphezulu e-asidi.
Ezinhlanzini eziningana, kudingeka amalitha angaba ngu-60, okungcono kusuka kwayikhulu, ngoba ngeke uwaqukathe kuphela. Zingakhula zifike ku-10 cm zodwa, futhi emanzini amancane kakhulu zizobe ziminyene.
Inhlanzi ngayinye eyengeziwe izodinga cishe amalitha ama-5 ukuze iphile ngokunethezeka. Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi sishumayele ukuthi ama-aquariums amakhulu angcono yingoba kulula ukuwanakekela. Izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezincane zokuhlala, kepha ikhwalithi yamanzi yinto engazinzile kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini ezincane.
Uma unamanzi amaningi, kuba lula kakhulu ukugcina i-aquarium yakho ihlanzekile. Lapho isitsha sakho samanzi sikhulu, kulapho amanzi ehlanjululwa khona ngobuningi bezinhlanzi nokudla okungadliwe, okucwila phansi kwethangi lakho. Uma umzimba ungaphansi kwamanzi, kuba lula ukuthi ungcoliswe.
Amapharamitha wamanzi angahluka kakhulu njengoba evumelana kahle nezimo zasendaweni. Kepha kunconyiwe: ukushisa kwamanzi 23-28C, ph: 7.0-8.0, ubulukhuni 20-30 dGH. Ama-mollys athunjiwe asetshenziselwa izimo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukhathazeke ngohlobo ngalunye oludinga amanzi ahlukile.
Qaphela ukuthi izinhlanzi zibekezelela kahle amanzi anosawoti, futhi izinsizakusebenza eziningi zeluleka ngosawoti wazo ngokukhethekile.
Yebo, lokhu ngeke kubenze babe babi kakhulu, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngokwabo kuyaqabukela bahlala emanzini, kepha omakhelwane bangabekezelela ukwanda kasawoti kakhulu, kabi kakhulu.
Ngingancoma kuphela ukusebenzisa usawoti uma behlala bodwa e-aquarium noma ngezinhloso zokuhlukaniswa.
Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwe-aquarium, lokhu kungukukhetha kwakho ngokuphelele. Kunconywa ukuthi kunezitshalo eziningi kuwo, ngoba ama-mollies athanda ukusula uqwembe no-algae kuwo.
Ungqimba lwe-substrate yesihlabathi kuwumqondo omuhle. Ngenkathi bengeke bachithe isikhathi esiningi ezansi, izinhlamvu zesihlabathi ezinhle zikulungele ukhula kwezitshalo.
Ungakhetha izitshalo zakho ozithandayo, kepha izihlahla ezinde ezifana neVallisneria zinikeza indawo enhle yokucasha yalezi zinhlanzi.
Kuyafiseleka futhi ukuthi kukhona isihlungi, esingaphakathi impela. Kubalulekile ukushintsha kuze kufike ku-20% wamanzi masonto onke, ngoba awangcolisa ngokushesha.
Zinakekele, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlanzi: ukondla nokushintsha kwamanzi njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho azithobeki.
Ukuhambisana
Okokuqala, lezi izinhlanzi ezingenabungozi ngokuphelele futhi ezinokuthula. Ilungele ama-aquariums ajwayelekile, ahambisana nanoma iziphi izinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezincane.
Banokuthula isikhathi esiningi, kepha bangakhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukumezeka lapho ithangi ligcwele ngokweqile noma lizungezwe omakhelwane abanolaka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi i-aquarium inkulu ngokwanele nokuthi babe nomakhelwane abafanelekile (ngaphezulu kulokhu okungezansi).
Awukwazi ukuzigcina nezinhlobo ezidlayo nezinolaka. Omakhelwane abafanele bazoba ezinye izinhlanzi ezi-viviparous: ama-guppies, ama-platies, ama-swordtails. Futhi ziyahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi ezingafani: i-gourami, izikali, ama-neon, ama-barbs.
AmaMollys ayasebenza futhi ayaphuma, yingakho ethanda ukubhukuda ndawonye. Umhlambi kufanele kube ngabesifazane ikakhulu, njengoba abesilisa baziwa ngokuphazamisa abesifazane.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Ukuhlukanisa owesifazane kowesilisa kulula impela.Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu, nesisu esikhulu futhi esiyindilinga. Umehluko onembile kunazo zonke ukuma kwesiphetho sendunu, kwabesilisa kusongwa kufakwe ishubhu (i-gonopodia), kanti kwabesifazane kungunxantathu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Bazala njengama-guppies, viviparous. Lokho wukuthi, gazinga lizalwa selivele lakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi linamandla okuphila, ngokudlula isigaba seqanda.
Owesifazane okhulelwe uthwala izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-40, indlela elula kakhulu ukubona isikhathi kusuka ekuzalweni kokugcina, nokutshela igama elisha.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi owesifazane ukhulelwe kuphela ngezinga lokuzungeziswa kwesisu sakhe. Ngezinga eliphakeme lamathuba, uzobeletha futhi gazinga.
Ukuzalanisa akudingi izimo ezikhethekile, kwanele ukugcina abesifazane nabesilisa ndawonye ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.
Kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi owesifazane wakhulelwa nini, ikakhulukazi kwabamnyama. Into elula ukubuka isisu sakhe, ubonakala ezuza isisindo lapho ethosa.
Insikazi izala cishe zonke izinsuku ezingama-40-45, ngakho-ke ungavele umake usuku lokuzalwa kokugcina bese ulinda. Ukuvimbela ukuthosa ekudleni, kungcono ukutshala insikazi ku-aquarium ehlukile, njalo nezitshalo.
Amafry azelwe ngokuvamile makhulu, futhi ngokushesha aqale ukondla. Kulula kakhulu ukuyondla, imvamisa ukudla okwanele okubunjiwe kwenhlanzi yabantu abadala.
Uma ufuna ikhule ngokushesha okukhulu, ungayondla nge-brine shrimp nauplii bese usika i-tubifex.
