Umphathi wenkemba (lat. Xiphophorus hellerii) ungenye yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezingathobeki. Izinkemba zokuqala zavela kuma-aquariums emuva ngo-1864, futhi kusukela lapho azilahlekelwanga ukuthandwa kwazo.
Ukuphuma okude kunqenqema oluphansi kwabesilisa, okufana nenkemba, kukuqambe igama. Kepha hhayi kuphela ngalokhu bathanda ophethe inkemba - ayithobeki, yinhle, inemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi iyanda kalula.
Abasiki bezinkemba imvamisa bayizinhlanzi ezinokuthula, ezilungele kahle ama-aquariums omphakathi. Kepha, banezinhlamvu ezihluke kakhulu, futhi angathula futhi abe namahloni, futhi abe yisiqhwaga se-cocky. Ikakhulukazi abesilisa bangaba nolaka komunye nomunye.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Abasiki bezinkemba (Xiphophorus helleri) bayizinhlobo zamanzi angenasawoti omndeni wasePoeciliidae. Izwe lakubo eMelika Ephakathi ukusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya eGuatemala. U-X. Hellerii usephenduke inkathazo ecasulayo njengesilwane esethulwe emazweni amaningana. Kubangele ukonakala kwemvelo ngenxa yekhono lalo lokuphindaphindeka ngokushesha ngamanani amakhulu. Abantu basendle sebezinze eningizimu ye-Afrika, kubandakanya iNatal, iHawaii, iMadagascar, ne-Eastern Transvaal eNingizimu Afrika, kanye neLake Otjikoto eNamibia.
Bahlala emvelweni ezinqolobaneni ezahlukahlukene, zombili ezinamanzi asebenzayo nokuma. Umphathi wenkemba ukhetha ukugeleza okusheshayo, imifula nemifudlana enezitshalo eziningi, kodwa futhi kwenzeka nasemithonjeni efudumele nasemiseleni. Idla kakhulu kuzo zombili izitshalo kanye nezinhlamvana ezincane, izinambuzane nama-annelids.
Zithanda izindawo ezingajulile, ezikhule kakhulu lapho zidla khona izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ulwelwe kanye ne-detritus.
Incazelo
Abaphethe izinkemba bangakhula babe bakhulu impela. Indoda ephethe izinkemba ikhula ifike kubude obuyisilinganiselo samasentimitha ayi-14, kuthi owesifazane abe ngamasentimitha ayi-16. Kepha, imvamisa kuma-aquariums, mancane, kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni nasezimweni zokuboshwa. Bahlala e-aquarium iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Igama elithi "swordsman" livela engxenyeni engezansi engezansi yesiphetho sowesilisa. I-dimorphism yezocansi ilinganiselwe, insikazi inkulu kunowesilisa, kepha ayinayo "inkemba". Ifomu lasendle linombala oluhlaza okomnqumo ngombala, elinomugqa obomvu noma onsundu we-lateral kanye nama-specks emaphikweni e-dorsal futhi kwesinye isikhathi. Ukuzalanisa izithunjwa kukhiqize izinhlobo eziningi ezinemibala, kunzima ukukhipha noma yiluphi uhlobo olulodwa, yize okuthandwa kakhulu kuzoba bomvu ngomsila omnyama.
Futhi ngakho-ke zibomvu, ziluhlaza, zimnyama, i-albino, zinamabala, ziphuzi. Ukuchaza konke kungumsebenzi onzima impela.
Kepha, noma ngubani owake wabona i-aquarium angacabanga ukuthi i-swordtail ibukeka kanjani. Le nhlanzi ivame kakhulu.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Enye yezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-novice aquarists. Abazithobeki, hhayi abakhulu kakhulu, ukuhlukanisa nje. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi le nhlanzi kulula ukuyinakekela. Abasiki bezinkemba banzima futhi bangasinda cishe wonke amaphutha abaqalayo.
Okubi kufaka phakathi ukuthambekela kwabanye besilisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabo.
Abasiki bezinkemba bagcinwa kahle kuma-aquariums anezitshalo eziningi nendawo yokubhukuda yamahhala. Izitshalo ezintantayo zizohlinzeka ngokukhanya okwenele nendawo yokukhosela kafry.
Babekezelela kahle amanzi anosawoti, ngakho-ke angagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinosawoti omningi. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyi-viviparous, okusho ukuthi zigcina amaqanda azo ngaphakathi kwemizimba yazo nokuthi ifry elisanda kuzalwa likulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila.
Abasiki bezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithengiswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uzithole esitolo sakho sezilwane zasekhaya.
Kanye ku-aquarium yakho, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5.
Ukondla
Ungabondla ama-flakes, ukudla okubukhoma noma okubandayo, nokunye ukudla kwezinhlanzi zakho ze-aquarium. Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, izinkemba zidinga ukudla okuhlukahlukene.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubondla ngokudla kwezitshalo ezine-fiber eningi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi emvelweni, iningi lokudla kwama-swordtails lakhiwa ulwelwe oluncane noluntekenteke nokunye ukungcola. Endle, ukudla kwabo okudla okune-omnivorous kufaka nezibungu zezinambuzane, i-plankton, nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
E-aquarium, leli nani le-algae lizokweqa ngokweqile, kepha ungahlala uthenga ama-flakes asezitshalweni.
Ungenza ama-flakes anjalo abe yisisekelo sokudla, futhi uphile ukudla njengokudla okwengeziwe. Noma ikuphi ukudla okuphilayo kunganikezwa, izinkemba azithobeki ngokuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, lapho besebancane, badinga amaprotheni amaningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukudla okuphilayo noma okubandayo okunjenge-bloodworms, i-daphnia ne-brine shrimp kuyizithako ezibalulekile ekudleni.
Yondla izinkemba zakho ama-2-3 izikhathi ngosuku. Abadingi ukudla okuningi, kuphela abakudlayo emizuzwini embalwa. Susa noma yikuphi ukudla okusele ukuze kungaboli futhi kungcolise amanzi.
Uma unamathela kwirejimeni ejwayelekile, bazokwazi maduzane ukuthi bangakulindela nini ukudla futhi bazosebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudla.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa ku-aquarium
Abasiki bezinkemba abanesizotha kokuqukethwe. Abaphethe izinkemba izidalwa eziqinile, kepha zidinga ukugcinwa endaweni efana nendawo yazo yemvelo yamanzi ashisayo angenasawoti. Ku-aquarium enethamo lamalitha angama-35, ungagcina izinkemba eyodwa, kepha le yinhlanzi esebenzayo kakhulu futhi ivolumu inkulu, iba ngcono.
Khumbula ukuthi ngokuzalanisa udinga ukugcina owesilisa oyedwa kanye nabesifazane abangama-2-3, kepha uma kukhona owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane oyedwa, owesilisa angamqhuba abulale.
Futhi zama ukungathengi abesilisa abaningana ku-aquarium eyodwa, njengoba abaphathi bezinkemba benesikhundla esiphakeme. Owesilisa oyinhloko uzohlala ejaha bonke abanye, futhi lokhu ukulwa, ukulimala, ukuphazamiseka.
Abasiki bezinkemba abanasizotha uma kukhulunywa ngamazinga okushisa futhi bangahlala kuzo zombili i-18 ° C kanye ne-28C. Okufanelekile kungaba ngu-23-25 ° C.
Amapharamitha afana nobulukhuni ne-pH awabalulekile kakhulu kubo, kodwa bazizwa bengcono emanzini obulukhuni obumaphakathi naku-pH 6.8-7.8.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kunokuhlunga ku-aquarium; isihlungi sangaphakathi sanele. Izinguquko zamanzi ezidingekayo ezintsha, cishe ama-20% masonto onke.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho, umphathi wezinkemba ubhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ugxuma kahle. I-aquarium kufanele imbozwe, uma kungenjalo usengozini yokuthola isidumbu esomile.
Ungayihlobisa kanjani i-aquarium - ngokokuthanda kwakho.
Ukuphela kwento, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi itshalwe kakhulu ngezitshalo, ngoba izinkemba zithanda ama-aquariums anjalo, futhi kulula ukucasha ezihlahleni ngenxa yolaka lwabesilisa.
I-substrate ayinandaba, ngoba izinkemba azivamile ukuthukela phansi. Sebenzisa iziqeshana ezinesihlabathi uma ufuna ukukhiqiza kabusha indawo yazo yokuhlala ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izitshalo ziyisengezo esibalulekile njengoba lezi zinhlanzi kufanele zicashe lapho zizizwa zicindezelekile. Beka kuwo wonke amathangi, kodwa qiniseka ukushiya indawo eningi yokubhukuda.
Ukuhambisana
Ezinduna ezindala zingahlasela ezinye izinhlanzi, kepha kuya ngomuntu othile. Abanye bahlala ngokuthula impela, kanti abanye baba nodlame.
Ubudlova bukhuthazwa ngama-aquariums amancane ngaphandle kwezitshalo. Okungafanele ukwenze ngokuqinisekile ukugcina abesilisa ababili noma ngaphezulu ethangini elifanayo. Lokhu kuholela ezimpini eziqinisekisiwe. Abesilisa bavame ukukhombisa ukuhlaselana, ngakho-ke kuphela owesilisa ogcinwa emathangini amancane.
Ithangi elikhudlwana lingabamba abesilisa abaningi - qiniseka ukuthi isilinganiso singowesilisa oyedwa kuya kwabesifazane abane.
Ngabe bazwana nobani? Ngama-viviparous: ama-guppies, ama-platies, ama-mollies. Bazwana kahle nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezizalanayo: ama-scalars, gourami, neons, uthingo.
Kepha kungcono ukungazigcini ngezinhlanzi zegolide ...
Amagolide adinga amanzi abandayo, futhi izinkemba zingomakhelwane abangazethembi. Abaphethe izinkemba bangaba namahloni uma begcinwa kanye nezinhlanzi ezinolaka, bacasha phakathi kwezitshalo nokuhlobisa.
Kufanele ugweme izinhlobo ezinolaka ezingahlasela futhi zilimaze izinkemba zakho. Lokhu akufaki ama-cichlid amaningi anjenge-cichlids ekhanyayo noma enemigqa emnyama.
Abasiki bezinkemba abahlanganyeli, kepha bayazijabulisa futhi bayathanda ukuba seqenjini lohlobo lwabo.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Kulula ngokwedlulele ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngezinkemba. Yiduna kuphela elinenkemba esinqeni somsila, umhlumo omude inhlanzi ebizwa ngawo.
Futhi, kuyo yonke i-viviparous, ingquza yesitho sangasese sowesilisa ikhombe futhi inciphile (i-gonopodia), kuthi eyensikazi ibanzi.
Kukaningi kwenzeka ukuthi owesifazane ophethe inkemba ngokuzumayo akhule inkemba bese eba owesilisa! Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uziphatha njengowesilisa, anakekele abanye besifazane, kepha uyinyumba.
Izizathu zalesi simo aziqondakali ngokuphelele.
Ukuzalela izinkemba
Abasiki bezinkemba bayizinhlanzi ezi-viviparous, okungukuthi, ukuthosa kwabo akuveli ngesimo seqanda, kepha bakhiwe ngokuphelele. Owesilisa ufaka amaqanda ngaphakathi emzimbeni wowesifazane, bese ewathwala aze avuthwe ngokuphelele.
Imvamisa le nkathi ihlala izinsuku ezingama-28-30. Empeleni, ukuzalanisa izinkemba ekhaya akulula, kepha kuyisisekelo.
Indoda esencane ihlala isebenza futhi icathamela insikazi, empeleni, konke okumele ukwenze ukuyicindezela njalo.
Njengamanye ama-viviparous (ama-guppies, ama-mollies), kulula kakhulu ukuthola gazinga kusuka ezinkemba.
Insikazi ingazala ngisho nefry ngaphandle kowesilisa, iqiniso ukuthi ikwazi ukugcina ubisi lweduna esimweni esiyiqhwa futhi izikhuthaze ngazo ...
Ngakho-ke uma ngokungazelelwe owesifazane wakho ebelethe gazinga, kepha owesilisa akekho e-aquarium, yilokho kanye okwakusebenza.
Abasiki bezinkemba bayashesha ukuzala futhi kwesinye isikhathi okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa e-aquarium lifike ku-25-27C.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga le-ammonia ne-nitrate kufanele ligcinwe liphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, kanti i-pH ingu-6.8-7.8.
Lapho insikazi igcwele, bheka indawo emnyama eduze kwendunu yakhe. Lapho kumnyama, futhi owesifazane elulama kakhulu, khona-ke isikhathi sokubeletha sisheshe.
Le ndawo emnyama empeleni ngamehlo ethosi elenziwe elikhanya emzimbeni walo.
Ungashiya insikazi ku-aquarium, kepha gazinga lizosinda kancane kakhulu, njengoba ezinye izinkemba ziyidla ngamandla.
Uma ufuna amaswidi amaningi we-swordsman asinde, kungcono ukufakelwa insikazi.
Noma iyiphi inketho oyikhethayo, into esemqoka ukuthi kunezihlahla eziningi eziminyene e-aquarium. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuzalwa kwezinkemba zabesifazane kuqhutshwa kahle emahlathini anjalo.
I-Swordfish gazinga inkulu, iyasebenza futhi ilambile. Ungayondla kanjani i-fry yama-swordtails? Ungaphakela isikhuphasha seqanda, amaqebelengwane aqoshiwe kanye ne-brine shrimp nauplii. Kungcono ukufaka i-spirulina noma i-cereal nge-fiber ekudleni.
Inhlanganisela ye-spirulina + ukudla bukhoma nefry yakho izokhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ikhanye.
