I-geophagus enekhanda elibomvu i-Tapajos (i-English tapajos red head noma i-Geophagus sp. 'I-Orange head') iyinhlanzi encane futhi enokuthula uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-geophagus.
Lona kanye igama elithi Geophagus: lisuselwa kwelesiGreki elithi geo, elisho umhlaba, nelithi phagos, okusho ukuthi ‘ngu’. Uma sithola ukufaniswa nolimi lwesiRussia, khona-ke lokhu kudla umhlaba. Incazelo enembile yalezi zinhlanzi.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-geophagus enekhanda elibomvu yabanjwa emvelweni ngama-aquarist aseJalimane (uChristop Seidel noRainer Harnoss), eMfuleni iTapajos, empumalanga yeBrazil.
Ifomu lesibili lombala, elihluke kancane ngombala, kamuva lethulwa njenge-G. sp. ‘Ikhanda lewolintshi i-Araguaia’, elihlala emfudlaneni omkhulu woMfula iTocantins.
Umfula iXingu ugeleza phakathi kweTapajos neTocantins, okuholele ekutheni kucatshangwe ukuthi kukhona enye i-subspecies kuwo.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-redhead isendaweni yonke futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezisezansi zoMfula iTapajos kanye nemifudlana yayo, i-Arapiuns neTocantins.
Umfula i-Arapiuns ngumfula wamanzi ojwayelekile wase-Amazonia, onamanzi amnyama, amaminerali aphansi kanye ne-pH ephansi, kanye nama-tannins aphezulu kanye nama-tannins, anika amanzi umbala omnyama.
Esikhathini esiyinhloko, iTapajos iqukethe amanzi okuthiwa amhlophe, ane-pH engathathi hlangothi, ubunzima obuphansi, kodwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba nodaka, okunikeza umbala omhlophe.
Kuzona zozimbili lezi zindawo, izindawo eziyizintandokazi ze-geophagus enamakhanda abomvu ziyizindawo eziseduze nogu, ezinodaka oluthambile noma olunesihlabathi. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ziyatholakala nasezihlathini, phakathi kwamatshe nasezindaweni ezinenqwaba yezitshalo ezibolayo ezansi.
Lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iTapajos ne-Arapiuns, amakhanda abomvu abonwa emanzini acacile (ukubonakala kuze kufike kumamitha angama-20), anomsinga olinganiselayo naphansi lapho amatshe agelezayo elele khona, enezilimi ezinde zesihlabathi phakathi kwawo.
Zimbalwa izitshalo neziqubu, ukuphendula okungathathi hlangothi kwamanzi, nezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ngokocansi zibhukuda ngababili, kanti intsha kanye nabangashadile bahlangana ezikoleni ezinabantu abangafika kwabangu-20.
Incazelo
Ama-geophagus anekhanda elibomvu afinyelela usayizi ka-20-25 cm.Umehluko omkhulu, abathola ngawo igama lawo, indawo ebomvu ekhanda.
Amaphiko we-Dorsal ne-caudal anombala obomvu nemivimbo yoluluhlaza.
Kunemivimbo emile ebonakaliswe kancane emzimbeni, indawo emnyama phakathi komzimba.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinhlanzi zihlala emhlambini, futhi zinkulu kakhulu, kudingeka i-aquarium yamalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu ukugcinwa.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlobisa ingumhlabathi. Kufanele ibe yinhle, isihlabathi somfula, lapho i-geophagus enamakhanda abomvu imba njalo futhi ihlunge, iyiphonsa ngaphandle kwemigodi.
Uma inhlabathi inkulu, bese beyicosha ngomlomo wabo, bese beyikhafula, bese kuthi noma kunjalo, uma incane ngokwanele. I-gravel ayinakwa, ifunwa phakathi kwayo.
Konke okunye ukuhlobisa kungokubona kwakho, kepha i-biotope izoba yinto ejwayelekile futhi emangalisa kakhulu. I-Driftwood, echinodorus, amatshe amakhulu ayindilinga.
Ukukhanya okwehlisiwe, izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni kanye nomakhelwane abakhethiwe kahle - umbono uzobe uphelele.
Okujwayelekile kulezi zindawo ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga awile ezansi, kepha esimweni esinamakhanda abomvu, nanoma iyiphi enye i-geophagus, lokhu kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi izinsalela zamaqabunga zizontanta kuyo yonke i-aquarium bese zivimba isihlungi namapayipi.
Zifuna kakhulu ibhalansi ye-aquarium nokushintshashintsha kwamapharamitha wamanzi, kungcono ukuwahambisa ku-aquarium esivele ilinganisiwe.
Ngokwami ngiyaqaphela ukuthi ngiyethule yangena entsha, inhlanzi ibiphila, kepha yagula nge-semolina, ebinzima futhi ifuna ukwelashwa.
Kudingeka isihlungi sangaphandle esinamandla ngokwanele nezinguquko zamanzi ezijwayelekile, futhi ukuhlunga ngemishini kubalulekile kokungaphandle, uma kungenjalo abahleli bazokwenza ixhaphozi ngokushesha.
- izinga lokushisa 26 - 30 ° C
- i-pH: 4.5 - 7.5
- ubulukhuni 18 - 179 ppm
Ukondla
Ama-Benthophages ondla ngokuhlunga inhlabathi nosilika ngemigodi, ngaleyo ndlela adle izinambuzane ezingcwatshiwe.
Izisu zabantu ababanjwe emvelweni zaziqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezitshalo - imbewu, i-detritus.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-substrate ibalulekile kwi-geophagus. Bemba kulo babheke ukudla.
Bangilinda ezansi okokuqala ngqa, ngoba phambilini babehlala e-aquarium ehlukile enezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane. Kepha, basheshe babona ukuthi ngezikalo akudingeki ukuthi uzamule futhi baqala ukukhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla neziphakathi zamanzi lapho wondla.
Kepha lapho ukudla kuwela phansi, ngincamela ukuphakela phansi. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwa ama-granules amancane. Umhlambi uhlunga ngokoqobo lapho uwe khona.
Badla ukudla okuphilayo, okubandayo nokwenziwe ngokufakelwa (inqobo nje uma beminza). Ngidla yonke into, abahlupheki ngokuswela ukudla.
Kuyinto efiseleka kakhulu ukondla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, njengoba zikhula, zidlulisela ekudleni kokutshala. UGeophagus uhlushwa kakhulu yi-hexamitosis kanye ne-tapajos akunjalo. Futhi ngokudla okuhlukahlukene nalapho usuthisa ukudla kwezitshalo, amathuba okugula ayancipha.
Ukuhambisana
Unamahloni, unamathele ndawonye e-aquarium, ngezikhathi ezithile abesilisa bahlela umbukiso wamandla, kepha, ngaphandle kokulimala nokulwa. Ngokumangazayo, amakhanda abomvu ahambisana ngisho nezinsana, angazithinti izinhlanzi, uma ngabe zingamamilimitha ambalwa nje ubude.
Uhlu lwezinhlanzi ezihambisanayo alunakuphela, kepha lugcinwa kahle ngezinhlanzi ezihlala e-Amazon - ama-scalars, amaphaseji, ama-cichlids amancane.
Ziba nolaka ngesikhathi zizala, zivikela isidleke sazo.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Abesilisa banemibala egqamile, inkulu futhi banemisebe emide ezinsikeni zabo. Abanye abantu bangaba nesigaxa esinamafutha ebunzini.
Ukuzala
I-geophagus enekhanda elibomvu izalela phansi, insikazi ithwala amaqanda emlonyeni wayo. Kwakungekho mibandela ekhethekile yokuqala ukuzala, ukondla kahle nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi kudlala indima, okudinga ukuguqulwa masonto onke.
Njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa besebancane, bathenga umhlambi, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuthi inhlanzi iyanamathela futhi izenzele isigaba sayo sobukhosi.
Ukuqomisana kuqukethe ukuzungeza insikazi, ukusabalalisa iziguli namaphiko, nezinye izikhathi ezijwayelekile. Ngokuzala, bangakhetha kokubili i-snag noma itshe, nangaphansi kwe-aquarium.
Indawo ekhethiwe iyasuswa futhi ivikelwe ngokuqhubekayo ekungeneni. Ukuzalela kuqukethe iqiniso lokuthi owesifazane ubeka imigqa yamaqanda, kanti owesilisa uyamfaka umquba, inqubo iphindaphindwa kaningi ngaphezu kwamahora amaningana.
Ngemuva kokuzala, insikazi ihlala eduze kwamaqanda, iyawagada, kuthi owesilisa aqaphe indawo ekude.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-72, gazinga lizoqhekeka, bese insikazi ilifaka emlonyeni wayo. Ngemuva kokubhukuda gazinga, ukunakekelwa kwenzalo kuzohlukaniswa ngesigamu, kepha konke kuncike kowesilisa, abanye bayabandakanyeka phambilini, abanye kamuva.
Abanye besifazane baze baxoshe owesilisa bese benakekela ifry yodwa.
Kwezinye izimo, abazali bahlukanisa gazinga futhi babashintshanise njalo, ukushintshana okunjalo kwenzeka ezindaweni eziphephile.
Amafry aqala ukubhukuda ezinsukwini eziyi-8-11 futhi abazali bayabadedela ukuthi bondle, kancane kancane besandisa isikhathi.
Uma kunengozi, zikhomba ngamaphiko azo futhi gazinga linyamalale ngokushesha emlonyeni. Zibuye zifihle nefry emilonyeni yazo ebusuku.
Kepha, njengoba bekhula, ibanga lapho i-fry elunyulwe khona liyakhula, futhi kancane kancane bayabashiya abazali babo.
Ukondla ifry kulula, badla ama-flakes agayiwe, brine shrimp nauplii, microworms njalonjalo.
Uma ukuzala kwenzeke ku-aquarium eyabiwe, kunconywa ukuthi owesifazane asuswe ayiswe e-aquarium ehlukile, ngoba gazinga kuzoba yisisulu esilula kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala.
