I-Bernese Mountain Dog noma i-Bernese Shepherd Dog (i-Berner Sennenhund, i-English Bernese Mountain Dog) iwuhlobo olukhulu, enye yezinja zezintaba ezine ezizalelwa eSwitzerland Alps.
Igama elithi Sennenhund livela eSenne yaseJalimane - i-alpine meadow ne-Hund-dog, njengoba babengabangani babelusi. UBern igama lekantoni eSwitzerland. Izinja zaseBernese Mountain zinamakhulu eminyaka omlando, zibhekwa njengohlobo olusha kakhulu, ngoba zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1907.
Izifushaniso
- UBerns uyathanda ukuba nomndeni wakhe, futhi bayahlupheka uma bekhohliwe, ungabanaki.
- Banobuntu obuhle, kepha izinja ezinkulu futhi kunzima ukuzilawula lapho sebekhulile. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izifundo zokulalela kanye nokuxhumana nabantu ngendlela efanele ngenkathi umdlwane usemncane.
- Bayazithanda izingane futhi bayahlalisana kahle. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi lena yinja enkulu, ungashiyi izingane ezincane zinganakiwe.
- Azinalo nolaka kwezinye izinja, amakati, noma abantu ezingabazi. Kepha, okuningi kuncike kumlingiswa nakwezenhlalo.
- AmaBerns anezinkinga eziningi zempilo ngenxa yegazi lawo elincane kanye nokuzalanisa okunesiphithiphithi. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane, cishe iminyaka eyi-8, kanti ukwelashwa kuyabiza.
- Zichitha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Uma ucasulwa yizinja zezinja kwifenisha, khona-ke lezi zinja akuzona ezakho.
Umlando wozalo
Kunzima ukusho ngemvelaphi yalolu hlobo, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngenkathi ingekho imithombo ebhaliwe okwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bezigcinwa ngabalimi abahlala ezindaweni eziqhelile. Kepha, enye idatha igciniwe.
Ziyaziwa ukuthi zivela ezifundeni zeBern naseDyurbach futhi zihlobene nezinye izinhlobo: i-Greater Swiss, i-Appenzeller Mountain Dog ne-Entlebucher. Zaziwa njengoSwitzerland Abelusi noma Izinja Zasezintabeni futhi ziyahluka ngosayizi nobude bejazi. Kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kochwepheshe ngokuthi kumele babelwe liphi iqembu. Omunye uwahlukanisa ngokuthi amaMolosia, amanye athi amaMolosia, kanti amanye athi amaSchnauzers.
Izinja zezintaba ezingoShepers sezihlale isikhathi eside eSwitzerland, kepha ngenkathi amaRoma ehlasela izwe, eza nezinja zawo zempi. Umbono odumile ngukuthi izinja zendawo zahlangana nama-molossians futhi zaveza izinja zaseNtabeni.
Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu, kepha zonke izinhlobo ezine zihluke kakhulu kohlobo lweMolossian nezinye izinhlobo nazo zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwazo.
Abaphini nabakwaSchnauzers bahlala ezizweni ezikhuluma isiJalimane kusukela endulo. Bazingela izinambuzane, kodwa futhi bakhonza njengezinja zokuqapha. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yabo, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi bathutha namaJalimane asendulo banqamula iYurophu.
Lapho iRoma iwa, lezi zizwe zathatha izindawo ezazingaphansi kwamaRoma. Ngakho-ke izinja zangena eziNtabeni ze-Alps zaxubeka nabantu bendawo, ngenxa yalokho, egazini le-Mountain Dogs kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwama-Pinscher nama-Schnauzers, lapho athola khona umbala we-tricolor.
Njengoba i-Alps kunzima ukuyifinyelela, iningi le-Mountain Dogs lakhula lodwa. Ziyafana, futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi bonke bavela eNjawini Enkulu Yentaba yaseSwitzerland. Ekuqaleni, behloselwe ukuvikela imfuyo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zilwane zaxoshwa, abelusi bazifundisa ukuphatha imfuyo.
USennenhunds wabhekana nalo msebenzi, kepha abalimi babengazidingi izinja ezinkulu kangaka ngenxa yalezi zinhloso. E-Alps, kunamahhashi ambalwa, ngenxa yendawo nezwe elincane lokudla, futhi izinja ezinkulu zazisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla, ikakhulukazi emapulazini amancane. Ngakho-ke, izinja zaseSwitzerland zalungiselela abantu ngazo zonke izindlela.
Izigodi eziningi eSwitzerland ziqhelelene, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokufika kwezokuthutha zanamuhla. Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zeNtaba Yenja zavela, zazifana, kepha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zazisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezihlukile futhi zahlukile ngosayizi nebhantshi elide. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, yize zazibizwa ngegama elifanayo.
Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yayingena kancane kancane e-Alps, abelusi bahlala enye yezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhambisa izimpahla kwaze kwaba ngu-1870. Kancane kancane, inguquko yezimboni yafinyelela ezingxenyeni ezikude zezwe. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buthathe isikhundla sezinja.
Futhi eSwitzerland, ngokungafani namanye amazwe aseYurophu, zazingekho izinhlangano ze-canine ukuvikela izinja. Iklabhu yokuqala yadalwa ngo-1884 ukulondolozela iSt Bernards futhi ekuqaleni ayikhombisanga ntshisekelo kwi-Mountain Dogs. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900, iningi labo lalisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Uhlobo olulondolozwe kakhulu lwezinja zomalusi ezihlala e-canton yaseBern. Zazizinkulu, zinenwele ezinde futhi zinemibala emifushane. Babevame ukuhlangana eDyurbach futhi babizwa ngamaDurrbachhunds noma amaDurrbachlers.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abanye abalimi babona ukuthi uma bengaqali ukulondoloza uhlobo, kuzomane kunyamalale. Kulaba, abadume kakhulu kwakunguFranz Schentrelib no-Albert Heim.
Yibo abaqala ukuqoqa izinja ezihlakazekile ezihlala ezigodini eziseduze neBern. Lezi zinja zavela embukisweni wezinja ngo-1902, 1904, nango-1907. Ngo-1907, abalimi abaningana bahlela iSchweizerische Durrbach-Klub. Inhloso yeklabhu kwakuwukugcina uhlobo nokuhlanzeka, ukwandisa ukuthandwa nentshisekelo.
Intshisekelo kuzinja zezimvu zikaBernese zakhula kancane kepha ngokuqinisekile. Ngo-1910, izinja ezingu-107 zabhaliswa, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa iklabhu lashintsha igama lohlobo kusuka eDürbachler laba yiBernese Mountain Dog.
Inhloso bekungekhona nje ukumhlukanisa nomunye uSennenhund, kodwa futhi nokukhombisa ukuxhumana kwakhe nenhlokodolobha yaseSwitzerland. Futhi lokhu kuyindaba yokusebenza, izinja ziba zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye Izinja Zasezintabeni futhi zingabokuqala ukuya phesheya. Ngenxa yemizamo yeSwitzerland Kennel Club kanye neSchweizerische Durrbach-Klub, lolu hlobo lwasindiswa.
Ngo-1936, abafuyi baseBrithani baqala ukungenisa izimvu zezimvu zikaBernese futhi imidlwane yokuqala yavela ezweni. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uGlen Shadow uletha imidlwane eLouisiana (eU.SA) futhi ayibhalise. Impi Yesibili Yomhlaba yavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo e-Europe, kepha hhayi e-United States.
IBernese Mountain Dog Club yasungulwa eMelika ngo-1968 futhi yaba namalungu angama-62 nezinja ezingama-43 ezibhalisiwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, iklabhu ibivele inamalungu angaphezu kwe-100. I-AKC yabona lolu hlobo ngo-1981 futhi yathatha izinga lokugcina ngo-1990.
Incazelo
IBernese iyefana nezinye Izinja Zasezintabeni, kodwa inengubo ende. Inja Yentaba yaseBernese iyinhlobo enkulu, abesilisa bafinyelela kuma-cm angama-64-70, abesifazane abangama-58-66 cm.Indinganiso yokuzalanisa ayichazi isisindo esifanele, kepha imvamisa abesilisa banesisindo esingu-35-55 kg, abesifazane abangama-35-45 kg.
Ziminyene, kepha kazinamasheya, umzimba ulingana. Ngaphansi kwejazi elijiyile kukhona isicubu esithuthukisiwe, izinja zinamandla kakhulu. Umsila wazo mude futhi uyathambile, uthinta ngasekugcineni.
Ikhanda lisentanyeni ewugqinsi futhi enamandla, alilikhulu kakhulu, kodwa linamandla amakhulu. Isifonyo sigqamile, kepha isitobhi siyashelela, ngaphandle kokushintshwa okubukhali. Izindebe zixinene ngokuqinile, amathe awahambi. Amehlo amile okwe-alimondi, anombala onsundu.
Izindlebe zimise okonxantathu futhi zimaphakathi ngosayizi, zilengiswa phansi lapho inja ikhululekile futhi iphakanyisiwe lapho ilalelisisile. Umbono ojwayelekile weBernese Shepherd Inja ubuhlakani nohlamvu olinganiselayo.
Kwezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu, njengamanye amaSennenhund, iBernese ihlukaniswa noboya bayo. Iyisendlalelo esisodwa, inokukhanya okukhanyayo, okungokwemvelo, ingaqonda ngqo, igudlise okuthile noma okuthile phakathi. Ibhantshi lide, yize ochwepheshe abaningi bengalibiza ngokulingene. Imfushane kancane ekhanda, esifubeni nasemphakathini wemilenze. Umsila wazo ucwebezela ikakhulukazi.
Umbala okuwukuphela kwawo ovunyelwe i-Bernese Mountain Dog yi-tricolor. Umbala oyinhloko izindawo ezimnyama, ezimhlophe nezibomvu zihlakazekile phezu kwawo, kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokucacile futhi zilingane. I-red tan kufanele ibe ngenhla kweso ngalinye, esifubeni, emilenzeni nangaphansi komsila. Kwesinye isikhathi imidlwane izalwa ineminye imibala, futhi inkulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kepha ayikwazi ukubamba iqhaza emibonisweni.
Uhlamvu
Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwama-bern kuhlobene kakhulu nesimilo sawo kunobuhle nemfashini yawo. Ngokwenqubo yokuzala, umlingiswa ubaluleke kakhulu kunezinja zangaphandle nezinomthwalo wemfanelo zizala izinja ezizolile nezinenhliziyo enhle kuphela. Abanikazi bazithanda ngokuphelele izinja zabo zaseNtabeni futhi izivakashi zabo zihlabekile.
Izinja ezinomsuka omuhle zizolile futhi zingabikezela, kuyilapho i-mestizo ihlukile ngokuziphatha. Ungachaza umlingiswa ngamagama - isigebenga esinesineke.
Bathembekile kakhulu futhi bathembekile, bayamqonda umnikazi kahle futhi bayamthanda. Abanikazi bayavuma ukuthi ubungani beBern buqine kakhulu uma buqhathaniswa nezinye izinja.
Zinamathele kumuntu oyedwa, kepha lezi akuzona izinhlobo zezinja ezingazinaki ezinye, zizwana nabantu bonke. Bakholelwa ukuthi bazolingana emadolweni abo, okuyinto engathandeki lapho inja isisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziboshelwe emndenini, iBernese Mountain Dog izwana nabantu ongabazi. Njengenja enesihlibhi, babejwayele ukubhekana nokuxokozela nokuxokozela kwezimakethe lapho impahla yayithuthwa khona.
Bahlangana ngokufanele, banobungane futhi banesizotha kubantu abangabazi, ngokungafanele - banamahloni futhi banovalo, kepha kuyaqabukela benolaka. Izinja ezinamahloni nezinamahloni azifuneki kubalimi abadinga ukugcina inja enokuzethemba nokuzola kuzo zonke izimo.
Lezi zidlakela ezizwelayo zingaba izinja eziqaphile, zikhonkothe kakhulu ngokwanele ukumisa umuntu ongena ngokungenele. Kepha, naphezu kwamandla, ababoni ubudlova, ukukhonkotha kunokwamukela kunokuxwayisa.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuzikhukhumeza okuthile, abantu ongabazi bangangena ensimini. Konke kuyashintsha, uma uBern ebona ukuthi kukhona noma othile osongela umndeni, ngeke amiswe.
Bathanda ikakhulukazi izingane, bathambile nazo, ngisho nokuncane kakhulu futhi bazixolele yonke imigilingwane. Imvamisa, ingane kanye neBernese Mountain Dog bangabangane abakhulu. Uma udinga inja ezolile nenenhliziyo enhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inamathiselwe emndenini nasezinganeni, khona-ke ngeke uthole uhlobo olungcono.
AbakwaBerns bazwana kahle nezinye izilwane, iningi labo liphatha ezinye izinja ngokuthula, ngisho njengenkampani. Ukubusa, indawo nokuhlukunyezwa kokudla akuzona izici zazo.
Ngaphandle kosayizi wabo, bangazwana nenja yanoma yisiphi isayizi, kepha ukuhlangana komphakathi kudlala indima enkulu kulokhu.
Abanye besilisa bangaba nolaka kwabanye abesilisa, yize lokhu kungejwayelekile kohlobo. Imvamisa, lokhu kuziphatha kungumphumela wokungahleleki kahle komphakathi nokunganakwa ekukhuliseni.
Kunengqondo ukuthi banomzwelo obuthakathaka wokuzingela, futhi ngokuthula bahlobana nezinye izilwane. Zonke izinja zingajaha izilwane, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela ngokweqile esimweni salolu hlobo. Imvelo yabo emnene ibenza babe yisisulu samakati adlalayo futhi anamaqhude, futhi bakhetha ukubalekela ibhola elinenkani loboya.
Ubukhulu namandla weBernese Mountain Dog kukwenza kube yingozi kwezinye izilwane. Futhi, yize ngokwemvelo benomusa, ukuxhumana nabantu nokukhuliswa okufanele kusabalulekile!
AbakwaBerns abahlakaniphile nje kuphela, futhi baqeqeshwe kahle, bayakwazi ukwenza ezifundisweni ezinjenge-agility nokulalela, futhi-ke, ekususeni isisindo. Bazama ukujabulisa umnikazi, bafunde ngenjabulo futhi balalele. Abanikazi abaziyo ukuthi bafunani bazothola inja eqeqeshiwe nezolile uma benza umzamo.
Izinja zaseBernese Mountain zilalela kakhulu kunezinye izinja, kepha zisebenzisana kangcono nomnikazi othandwayo nohlonishwayo. Uma kungeyena umholi onikeza imiyalo, lapho-ke basabela kuyo kancane kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, zisalalela, ziyalawuleka futhi zingaphansi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zalokhu noma usayizi omncane. Abathandi ukuba luhlaza nokunganaki, uthando, ukunakwa kanye nokukhuthaza okuhle kungafinyelela ngaphezulu.
Yize kungonakalisi, bangaba njalo uma benesithukuthezi. Yebo, lapho inja yalolu sayizi namandla iqala ukuququda iphule ... Ukugwema isimilo esinjalo, kwanele ukulayisha ibern ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ukushesha, ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuhudula nokuwisa kuzosebenza kahle.
Bayadlala, ikakhulukazi nezingane, kepha abayithandi imidlalo emide. Esimweni sezulu sethu kunenzuzo, njengoba bethanda ukudlala eqhweni, okuyinto engamangazi ngenja ezalwe e-Alps.
Kukhona iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe lapho uzivocavoca futhi udlala. Njengezinja eziningi ezinesifuba esijulile, izinja zaseBernese Mountain zingafa yi-volvulus uma zicindezelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kudinga ukukhokhelwa imidlwane, ikhula kancane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomzimba nezengqondo. Umdlwane weBernese Mountain Dog uba umuntu omdala kuphela eminyakeni emibili nohhafu. Amathambo abo akhula kancane futhi ukucindezela okukhulu kungaholela ekulimaleni nasekukhubazekeni. Abanikazi kudingeka balinganise ngokucophelela umthwalo wokusebenza futhi bangawunqobi kakhulu umdlwane.
Ukunakekela
Ukuzilungisa kuthatha isikhathi, kepha hhayi kakhulu, nje ukuxubha ijazi izikhathi eziningana ngesonto. Uma ubheka nje ubukhulu benja, kungadla isikhathi.
Yize ijazi uqobo lalo lihlanzekile futhi lingasebenzisi udoti, liyaphalaza futhi lingaminyaniswa. Ngaphandle kokuthi abanikazi bafuna ukusika izinja zabo uma kushisa, abadingi nhlobo ukuzilungisa.
Kepha bachitha kakhulu, uvolo ungamboza izindonga, phansi namakhaphethi. Uwa kubo ezihlangwini, ukuhlanganisa kusiza, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sonyaka esiguqukayo, izinja zaseBernese Mountain Dogs zachitha kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka, bese kulandela ifu loboya elilandela bona.
Uma othile emndenini wakho ehlushwa ukungezwani komzimba, lokhu-ke akuyona neze inketho engcono kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo. Futhi azibalungele abantu abacocekile noma abacocekile abacasulwa yizinja zezinja.
Njengezinye izinhlobo, imidlwane yaseBern idinga ukufundiswa ukuxubha, amanzi nezikele kusukela isencane. Ethembekile futhi emnene, makhulu futhi aqinile. Uma bengazithandi izinqubo, lapho-ke kunzima ukuzigcina. Kulula kakhulu ukuqeqesha umdlwane ka-5 kg kunenja yabantu abadala engama-50 kg.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe ezindlebeni njengoba zikwazi ukuqongelela amabhaktheriya, ukungcola kanye noketshezi, okuholele ekuvukeleni nasekutheleleni.
Ezempilo
Inja yezintaba yaseBernese ithathwa njengezinhlobo zezempilo ezingezinhle. Banesikhathi esifushane sokuphila lapho bangagula kakhulu. Eziningi zalezi zifo ziwumphumela wokuzalisa ngokunganaki ekuphishekeleni imali.
Isikhathi sokuphila sikaBerns e-United States sehle sisuka ku-10-12 kuye eminyakeni engu-6-7, kuphela emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ucwaningo kwamanye amazwe alutholanga izibalo ezinhle kakhulu, iminyaka engu-7-8.
Izinja ezivela kubalimi abahle zihlala isikhathi eside, kepha zishiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunezinye izinhlobo. Yize zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu ziphila impilo emfushane uma kuqhathaniswa, amaBernese Sheepdogs aphila ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-1-4 kunezinja ezinosayizi ofanayo. Zipholile futhi zinomusa, kepha zilungele izinkinga zempilo nezimpilo ezimfushane.
Isifo esibi kakhulu abaphethwe yisifo somdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathambekele ezinhlotsheni zayo ezihlukile. Ucwaningo olwenziwe e-United States lukhombisile ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-50% wezinja zaseBernese Mountain Dogs zibulawe ngumdlavuza, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-27% ngokwesilinganiso kwezinye izinhlobo.
Ezinjeni, njengakumuntu, umdlavuza uvame ukuba yisifo esihlobene nobudala. Kepha, Izinja zaseNtabeni zihlukile. Bahlushwa yiyo beneminyaka engu-4, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neminyaka emi-2 ubudala, futhi ngemuva kuka-9 basuke sebengasekho! Banenkinga cishe yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, kepha i-lymphatic sarcoma, i-fibrosarcoma, i-osteosarcoma, ne-Langerhans cell histiocytosis zivame kakhulu.
I-Berns nayo inezinkinga ezinkulu ngezifo zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Baphathwa yizo kathathu ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-Dysplasia ne-arthritis, ezenzeka zisencane kakhulu, zivame kakhulu, azelapheki, ungadambisa inkambo kuphela. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-11% weBerns aqala ukuqaqamba kwamalunga ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4,5.
