I-Alabai noma i-Central Asia Shepherd Dog (futhi eyiTurkmen Alabai ne-CAO, i-English Central Asian Shepherd Dog) iyinzalo yasendulo yezinja zomdabu zase-Asia Ephakathi. Izakhamuzi zendawo zisebenzisa i-Alabaevs ukugada nokuvikela impahla nemfuyo.
Ekhaya, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu, zivame eRussia, kodwa azivamile phesheya. Lokhu kuduma kufaneleke kahle, ngoba kungenye yezinja ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinamandla kakhulu ezingaphila esimweni sezulu esinzima sase-Asia.
Umlando wozalo
Akukho okungashiwo ngokuqinisekile ngemvelaphi nokwakheka kwalolu hlobo. Babegcinwa yizihambeli zasemathafeni, phakathi kwabo ababengafundile, futhi ukubhala kwakungabhekwa njengokubalulekile. Ngeza kulokhu ukunyakaza nokuhlakazeka okungapheli, okungangezi ukucaca.
Enye into, singasho ngokuqinisekile, ungowokuzalwa e-Alabai wase-Asia Ephakathi, izifunda manje ezisendaweni yaseRussia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Zisetshenziselwe ukuvikela impahla nemfuyo kusukela endulo, kepha akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yiliphi izwe okwakuyikhaya lakubo. Imithombo yokuqala ebhaliwe ikhuluma ngalezi zinja, kepha zazikhona ngaphambi kwazo.
Ngokusho kokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene, lo mhlobo uneminyaka engama-4000, 7000 ngisho neminyaka eyi-14000 ubudala.
Kunamaqembu amabili ama-theorists, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinja zivela ezinjeni zasendulo ezalusa zase-Asia, ezinye zivela kuMastiff waseTibetan. Iqiniso lilele phakathi nendawo, izinhlobo eziningi zisegazini le-Alabai, ngoba zakhula ngokwemvelo okungenani iminyaka engama-4000!
Akubalulekanga kangako ukuthi bavele kuphi futhi kanjani, ngoba lezi zinja zinezinto ezibalulekile empilweni yezizwe eziyimizulane. Basebenza njengamehlo, izindlebe nezinkemba zamakhosi abo, njalo bebheke izinsongo ezingaba khona.
Yize izikhali zesimanje nezindlela zokuzingela zicishe zabhubhisa izilwane ezidla ezinye e-Asia Ephakathi, kwake kwaba nezimpisi, izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimpungushe, izimpungushe, amabhere, izingwe kanye nengwe yaseTranscaucasus endaweni yayo.
ICentral Asian Shepherd Dogs zazifuna abantu abangaba yizilwane, zabaxosha noma zangena empini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuvame ukuba kude nabantu, inkonzo yayiqhubeka, futhi imihlambi yayinkulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuvikela hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni, emathafeni kwakungakaze kube nokushoda kwezigebengu, amasela nomakhelwane abahahayo, izimpi phakathi kwezizwe zahlala amakhulu eminyaka.
U-Alabai wabamba iqhaza ekulweni, evikela ezakhe futhi ehlasela abanye ngodlame. Ngeza kukho konke lokhu isimo sezulu esingemnandi neze emathafeni. I-Asia Ephakathi ibonakala ngesimo sezulu esomile, amathafa nezintaba ezineqhwa.
Izinga lokushisa lapho lingaba ngaphezu kuka-30 C emini, bese lehla ngaphansi kuka-0 C ebusuku. Konke lokhu kwasebenza njengokukhethwa kwemvelo kwe-Alabai, kwasinda izinja ezinamandla kakhulu, ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezijwayelwe.
Ekugcineni, i-Alabai yadlala umsebenzi obalulekile kwezenhlalo lapho izizwe nezinhlanga zihlangana ukuze zixhumane. Lokhu kwakujwayele ukwenzeka ngesikhathi samaholide noma phakathi kwezivumelwano zokuthula. Isizwe ngasinye sasiletha izinja zazo, ikakhulukazi ezesilisa, ukuze zilwe nezinja.
Ingqikithi yalezi zimpi yayihlukile kulokho okwenzekayo namuhla emigodini yokulwa engekho emthethweni, lapho kudlalwa khona izinja ezehlukene. Kwakungekhona ukufa kwesilwane okwakubalulekile, kodwa ukuzimisela kokuthi ngubani owayedlula ubani. Impi ejwayelekile yayiqukethe ukuboniswa kolaka nokuma, futhi kwakuqabukela kwafika egazini. Ngisho nalapho amandla nobudlova kwabesilisa kwakulingana futhi kufika impi, omunye wabo wanikela futhi wabiza igazi elincane.
Lezi zimpi bekungukuzijabulisa okudumile lapho kubhejelwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumalungu esizwe, ukunqoba kwaba impumelelo enkulu nesizathu sokuziqhenya.
Kepha, muva nje, le mihlangano ibifana nemibukiso yamanje, lapho kunqunywe khona abamele abaphambili bohlobo, abashiyelwe ukuzalanisa. Ngempela, ukuze kuqashwe, kwakudingeka izinja ezinkulu nezinamandla. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iCentral Asia Shepherd Dogs bekungafanele ihlehle phambi kwanoma iluphi usongo.
Isimo sezulu esibi nendawo ekude kungenza ukuthi i-Asia Ephakathi ibe enye yezindawo eziqhelelene kakhulu emhlabeni, uma kungenjalo. I-Asia Ephakathi inemingcele yezifunda ezine ezicebe kakhulu, ezinabantu abaningi futhi ezibaluleke ngokomlando: iYurophu, iMiddle East, iChina neNdiya.
Umgwaqo kasilika odumile wawudabula indawo yawo, futhi amakhulu eminyaka igolide kuphela elalibiza ngaphezu kukasilika. Ukuze kugwenywe amasela nokuvikelwa, abathengisi bathenga ama-alabays ukuqapha izindwendwe.
Kepha, ingcebo yomakhelwane yavusa ukuhaha kwabahlali abayimizulane abaningi, amabutho abo ahlasela njalo omakhelwane ngenhloso yokubamba inkunzi. Njengabagibeli bamahhashi abazelwe, bafunda ukuhlala esihlalweni ngaphambi kokuhamba, bangena ngokushesha futhi bahlehla nesisulu. Amakhulu, uma kungenjalo izinkulungwane zezizwe ezihambahamba ziye zanyamalala, zashiya amagama kuphela: AmaMagyars, amaBulgars, amaPechenegs, amaPolovtsian, amaMongol, amaTurkey, amaTurkmens, amaSkithe, amaSarmatiya, ama-Alans.
Futhi yize ihhashi lalithathwa njengeligugu kakhulu kumhambuma, kwakuyizinja ezaletha ukwesaba ezitheni. Kuthiwa namaMolossians (izinja zempi zamaGrikhi namaRoma) ayengaphansi kwawo empini. Futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, iningi lalezi zinja zempi kwakuyi-CAO noma izinhlobo ezihlobene. Izazi-mlando eziningi ziyaqiniseka ukuthi abaseYurophu nabaseMpumalanga Ephakathi bahlabeka umxhwele ngabo kangangokuthi bazithathela bona.
Inja Yomalusi Wase-Asia Ephakathi ibilokhu yakha endaweni yase-Asia Ephakathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukuqhubekela phambili kobuSulumane kuthinte kabi izinja, njengoba zithathwa njengesilwane esingcolile. Kepha hhayi e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho izinja zidlale khona indima enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ishiywe. Uyaqhubeka nokuhlala engaguquki kuze kube cishe ngekhulu le-1400.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abaseRussia babesebenzisa ulwazi lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kubandakanya nezibhamu. Ngendlela ezazinonya ngayo izinja, zazingenakwenza lutho ngokumelene nezibhamu. U-Ivan the Terrible ngo-1462 uqala ukusunduza imingcele, aqede onogada. Umhlaba uhlalwa ngabokufika nabo abahlabeka umxhwele yizinja. Bababiza ngokuthi abelusi noma ama-wolfhound.
Kepha iZwe Lokuqala kanye Nenguquko YamaKhomanisi kwaba nomthelela omncane esifundeni. Amakhomanisi angene embusweni alungele impi futhi afuna uhlobo oluzokwazi ukugada, ukugada imingcele nomsebenzi wokugada.
Ukubuka kothile kuphendukela ezinja zase-Central Asia Shepherd, inani lezinja ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe likhula kakhulu. Njengoba iziphathimandla zikhetha izinja ezihamba phambili, ikhwalithi yabantu iqala ukonakala.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezintsha zifika zivela kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union. Lezi zinhlobo ziwele kakhulu ne-Alabai ukuthuthukisa izici zazo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo luthathwa njengolungathembisi izinhloso zempi, ngoba i-Alabai kunzima ukuyiqeqesha.
Bayasuswa ebuthweni, kepha ukuthandwa kohlobo emazweni ase-USSR sekuvele kukhulile, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukuzitholela i-wolfhound.
Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho uhulumeni wase-USSR eba nentshisekelo kwi-Central Asia Shepherd Dogs, kwakungeyona inzalo eyodwa. Lokhu bekungukuhluka kwasendaweni okufanayo, iningi lazo elinamagama alo ahlukile. Zonke zahlangana zodwa nezinye izinhlobo.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-Alabai yanamuhla ingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile. Abalimi abaningi abavela e-Asia Ephakathi naseRussia basazigcina izinhlobo ezindala, kepha ama-mestizo amaningi ayavela.
NgoJulayi 1990, i-State Agroprom yeTurkmen SSR yagunyaza indinganiso yokuzalanisa "iTurkmen wolfhound", kepha lokhu sekuvele ukwehla kwezwe elikhulu. Ngokuwa kwe-USSR, baqala ukuthola ukuthandwa eYurophu. Abantu abaningi baseMelika nabaseYurophu bafunda ngalolu hlobo futhi baqala ukuluzala.
Iningi labo linentshisekelo yenja enkulu yokuqapha noma yokulwa nezinja ngokungemthetho, kepha kukhona abanye abadinga onogada bomhlambi. Alabaev isiqala ukuqashelwa ezinhlanganweni eziningi cynological. Owokuqala yiCynological Federation International (FCI).
Incazelo
Kunzima ukuchaza ngendlela engaqondakali ukubukeka kwe-Alabai, ngenxa yokuthi zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokwahluka kwe-Central Asia Shepherd Dog, iningi lazo elihlangana ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zazalana nezinye izinhlobo. Ziyafana nezinye izinja ezinkulu zokuqapha, kepha zilula ekwakheni nakwezemidlalo.
Kunesici esisodwa esivamile sayo yonke i-Alabai - zinkulu kakhulu. Yize kungeyona inhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iyinja enkulu kakhulu.
Abesilisa ababunile okungenani ama-70 cm, abesifazane okungenani amasentimitha angama-65. Ngokwenzayo, izinja eziningi ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinombolo ezisezingeni eliphansi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala e-Asia. Isisindo sabesilisa sisuka ku-55 kuye ku-80 kg, ama-bitches asuka ku-40 kuye ku-65 kg, yize phakathi kwabesilisa ungathola i-Alabai isisindo esifinyelela kuma-90 kg. I-Alabai enkulu kunazo zonke ebizwa ngeBulldozer yayinesisindo esifinyelela ku-125 kg, futhi imi ngezinyawo zayo zangemuva yafinyelela kumamitha amabili. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje useshonile.
Kuzo, i-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu ngobukhulu nokubukeka.
Inja Yomalusi Wase-Asia Ephakathi kufanele ibe nemisipha futhi ibe namandla, ukubukeka kwayo kusikisela ukuthi ikulungele ukubhekana nanoma yimuphi umphikisi. Kodwa-ke, akufanele abukeke emangele futhi eqinile.
Umsila we-Alabai ngokwesiko umiswe esiqwini esifushane, kepha manje lo mkhuba awusasebenzi futhi uvinjelwe eYurophu. Umsila wemvelo mude, ujiyile phansi futhi uthinta ekugcineni.
Ukuthuthukiswa okwenziwe sekwedlule isikhathi nakho kuyisici, izinja zikhula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngokugcwele ngeminyaka emi-3.
Inhloko nesifonyo kukhulu, kukhulu futhi kuyahlaba umxhwele, kepha hhayi ngokukhulu ngokungalingani ngokufana nalawo ma-mastiffs amaningi. Phezulu kogebhezi nasebunzini kuyisicaba, ikhanda lihlangana kahle nomlomo, yize isitobhu sishiwo. Isifonyo ngokuvamile siba mfushane kancane kunokhakhayi, kodwa sibanzi kakhulu.
Ukuluma kwesikere, amazinyo amakhulu. Ikhala likhulu, libanzi, livame ukuba mnyama ngombala, yize kunsundu nemibala yalo kuvunyelwe. Amehlo makhulu, ajulile, amile okweqanda futhi anombala omnyama. Umbono ojwayelekile weningi le-Alabai ukubusa, amandla nokuzimisela.
Izindlebe ze-Alabai ngokwesiko zisikwa eduze kwekhanda, ukuze zingabonakali. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzelwa imidlwane, kepha ukunqunywa kwezindlebe kuphuma emfashini ngokushesha okukhulu kunokunqampuna umsila. Izindlebe zemvelo zincane, zimise okonxantathu, ziyalenga futhi zibekwe phansi, ngaphansi komugqa wamehlo.
Ijazi linezinhlobo ezimbili: elifushane (3-4 cm) futhi lide (7-8 cm). Kokubili lokhu okunye kuphindwe kabili, nejazi elingaphansi elijiyile nehembe eliqinile elingaphezulu. Izinwele ezisembusweni, ebunzini nasezintweni ezingaphambili zincane futhi zibushelelezi. I-CAO ingaba cishe yimuphi umbala, kepha imvamisa imhlophe qwa, imnyama, ibomvu, i-fawn.
Uhlamvu
Njengokubukeka, umlingiswa we-Alabai angahluka kakhulu kunenja nenja. Kunemigqa emine, ngayinye ehlukahluka kakhulu kubumnene. Noma ngubani ofuna ukuthenga i-Alabai kufanele athole ukuthi obani okhokho bakhe futhi acabangisise ngokukhetha indlu yenja, njengoba eminye imigqa ingaba nolaka olukhulu.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinja zizinzile ngokomzwelo, kepha imigqa eklanyelwe ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini zezinja imvamisa ayinakulindeleka. Kepha, nezinja ezikhethwe ngokucophelela zinamandla amakhulu, zivame ukuba nolaka, futhi zinikezwe ubukhulu namandla azo ...
Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto kwenza i-Alabai ibe ngolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zabathandi bezinja abaqalayo. Okuqukethwe kudinga ulwazi, ukubekezela namandla.
AbakwaTurkmen Alabai bakha ubudlelwano obuseduze nomnikazi, abanamathele kuye ngokungapheli. Iningi lazo lichaziwe - inja yomuntu oyedwa, inganaki noma ihlobene kabi nawo wonke umuntu ngaphandle komnikazi.
Lolu thando luqine kangangokuba izinja eziningi zomalusi wase-Central Asia azibashintshi abanikazi bazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi banamathele kakhulu kangangokuthi bayawanaka amanye amalungu omndeni, ngisho nalabo asebehlale nabo iminyaka kanye nabashade nabo.
Lolu hlobo alufanele njengenja yomndeni noma imindeni enezingane. Iningi le-Alabai alazi ukuthi kufanele babe mnene ezinganeni, futhi amandla abo anonya angaba yinkinga. Yebo, bayazivikela izingane futhi abazicasuli, kepha ... lena yinja enkulu futhi elukhuni.
Ngisho nezinja zokuhlobisa, izingane akufanele zishiywe zinganakiwe, singathini ngesidlakela esinje. Yize behlala bezwana nezingane, bayazivumela nokuthi bagibele. Konke kuncike kumlingiswa othize nokukhuliswa kwakhe.
Kungumhlobo wewashi futhi iningi le-Alabai liyasola ngabantu ongabazi, ukusho okuncane. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuhlangana nabantu kubalulekile ebusheni, kungenjalo uzothola izinkinga ezinkulu njengoba ukhula.
Ukuqeqeshwa kunganciphisa izinga lobudlova, kepha amanye amalungu ohlobo angazizwa ebhekise kubantu angabazi. Umnikazi udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ngisho nolaka oluncane luyinkinga enkulu ngenxa yamandla ezinja.
Ngisho nezinja ezincane ezinolaka zihlala zisolisa kakhulu futhi zingenabo ubungane kubantu ongabazi. Ziyazivikela, ziyindawo futhi zihlala ziphapheme, enye yezinja eziqaphe kakhulu. Futhi ukulunywa kwakhe kubi kakhulu kunokukhonkotha ...
Ababekezeleli ngokuphelele noma ngubani ozama ukungena endaweni yakhe engahambisani nabo, kepha bahlala bezama ukwethusa nokuxwayisa kuqala. Yize basebenzisa amandla ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Izinja Zabelusi Ephakathi kwe-Asia zingabaqaphi abahle kakhulu abazohamba ibanga elide ukuvikela umnikazi. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, aphuma ayolwa namahlosi namabhere, afaka ukwesaba ebusosheni bamaRoma, ukuze umuntu owayengahlomile angakwazi ukumelana nabo.
Futhi ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini zezinja akungezanga othandweni lwabo ngezinye izinja. Njengoba ungalindela, izinja ze-Central Asia Shepherd zinolaka kwezinye izinja futhi ubudlova bazo buhlukile: indawo, ubulili, amandla, amandla. Ukuhlalisana kwabantu nokuqeqeshwa kwehlisa izinga lalo, kepha alikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, okuvame ukungakwazi ukuma abanye besilisa. Kungcono ukuzigcina zodwa noma enkampanini yenja yobulili obuhlukile. Abanikazi kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi i-CAO iyakwazi ukukhubaza noma ukubulala cishe noma iyiphi inja ngomzamo omncane.
Lezi zinja zivikele imfuyo, futhi uma i-alabai ikhula epulazini, iba ngumvikeli wezilwane. Kepha ngokujwayelekile zinolaka kwezinye izilwane, ikakhulukazi eziyinqaba. I-Alabai izohlasela esinye isilwane ukuvikela indawo nomndeni futhi mhlawumbe izosibulala, noma ngabe iyimpisi.
Ukukhuliswa nokuqeqeshwa kweTurkmen Alabai ibhizinisi elinzima kakhulu. Lolu akulona uhlobo lwenja oluphilela uthando lomnikazi, iningi labo linenkani kakhulu futhi lizimisele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinamandla futhi zizama ukusunduza imingcele yalokho okuvunyelwe ngumuntu.
Njengoba i-Central Asia Shepherd Dog iyishaya indiva ngokuphelele imiyalo yalowo ambheka njengongezansi esiteji senhlalo noma sesikhundla, umnikazi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abe sesikhundleni esiphakeme.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuqeqesha i-Alabai akunakwenzeka, kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa, umzamo nokubekezela. Akunabunzima kuphela ngenkonzo yokuqapha, esegazini labo.
Emathafeni, azulazula usuku lonke, imvamisa edlula ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku. Ngenxa yalokho, badinga ukuvivinya umzimba ngokungathi sína. Ubuncane obukhulu bucishe bube ihora ngosuku, nsuku zonke.
Abamele uhlobo olungatholi ukuzivocavoca okwanele bangakhula nezinkinga zokuziphatha, ukonakala, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukukhonkotha okungapheli noma babe nolaka.
Bangabangane abahle bokugijima noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, kepha lokho abakudinga ngempela igceke elibanzi. Ngenxa yezidingo nobukhulu bazo, i-Alabai ayihambisani kahle efulethini; badinga igceke elinendawo enkulu noma i-aviary.
ICentral Asian Shepherd Dogs zikhonkotha ukuxwayisa umnikazi ngoshintsho oluncane. Bayakwazi ukukhubazeka komuntu futhi banamathuba amaningi okukhonkotha ebusuku bephendula iphunga, imisindo noma imicimbi engajwayelekile. Uma unomakhelwane abaseduze, lokhu kuzoholela ezikhonondweni zomsindo owedlulele. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amandla ngosizo lokuqeqeshwa, kepha akunakuqedwa ngokuphelele.
Ukunakekela
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okungadingeka lapho inja ehlala emathafeni okuthiwa i-Turkmen wolfhound? Ubuncane. Abadingi noma yimuphi umgadli oqeqeshiwe, nje ukuxubha njalo.
Kuyinto efiseleka kakhulu ukufundisa umdlwane ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubeka engcupheni yokuthola inja enesisindo esingama-80 kg futhi engathandi ukugcagulwa. Bachitha, futhi kakhulu kakhulu. Iningi lilinganiselwe unyaka wonke futhi likhulu kabili ngonyaka, kepha ezinye ziba namandla ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngalezo zikhathi, bashiya ngemuva nje iziqu zoboya.
Ezempilo
Ayikho imininingwane eqondile, ngoba alukho ucwaningo olunzulu olwenziwe, futhi kunemigqa eminingi ehlukene. Kepha, abanikazi bathi i-Alabai ingenye yezinhlobo eziphikelela kakhulu nezinempilo, futhi asikho isizathu sokungakukholwa.
Banesiziba esihle sezakhi zofuzo, esinye sezihamba phambili phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Izinja Zabelusi zaseCentral Asia zinofuzo oluhle kakhulu. Okhokho babo babehlala ezimeni ezinzima, kwasinda abanamandla kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sonakaliswe yiziphambano ezisekupheleni nezinye izinhlobo.
Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-10-12, elungele izinja ezinkulu.
