I-East European Shepherd (futhi i-East European Shepherd, abbr. VEO, English East European Shepherd) uhlobo lwenja olutholwe ngonyaka we-1930-1950 eSoviet Union ebuthweni, emaphoyiseni nasenkonzweni ezindaweni ezinemingcele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisetshenziswe njengezinja eziqondisayo nezinja zokwelapha. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, i-East European Shepherd Dogs yathandwa ubuhlakani nokwethembeka, kepha ngaphandle kwayo ayivelakancane futhi ayaziwa kangako.
Izifushaniso
- Luhlobo lwensizakalo olwakhelwe umsebenzi nomsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, akukufanele kangako ukuhlala efulethini, okungcono indlu yangasese negceke elikhulu. Uma umnikazi elayisha inja ngokwanele, uzokwazi ukuhlala efulethini.
- Ama-BEO ahlakaniphile, kepha alalela kuphela labo abababheka njengabaphakeme ngesimo.
- Zinamathele kumuntu oyedwa futhi zingabanaki ngokuphelele abanye.
- Bachitha kakhulu.
- Akulungele ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa emindenini enezingane, njengoba zivinjelwa futhi zivame ukuqondwa kabi.
- Zwana nezinye izinja, kepha ungahlasela izilwane ezincane.
Umlando wozalo
Umlando we-East European Shepherd Dog waqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudalwa kohlobo. Ngo-1914, umvukeli waseSerbia uGavrila Princip wabulala u-Archduke Ferdinand, umbusi wase-Austria-Hungary.
Umbuso waseRussia, owawuthatha njengomfowabo omdala waleli zwe, uba yisivikelo seSerbia, futhi labo ababambisene nabo, kubandakanya neJalimane, bamele i-Austria-Hungary.
Ngakho-ke iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala iyaqala, futhi, kungabonakala, izinja zezimvu zihlangene ngani nayo? Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha isosha laseRussia okwadingeka libhekane nazo kwakuyizinja. AmaGolder Boxers, amaSchnauzers, amaDobermans kanye nezinja ezingamalusi.
Abelusi baseJalimane bagqama ngokukhethekile: bayashesha, bahlakaniphile, benza izinto ezihlukahlukene, babesetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukene futhi babakhathaza kakhulu abaphikisi. Emasosheni aseRussia angaleso sikhathi kwakungekho zinhlobo ezikhethekile zezinja zezempi, yize zaziningi kakhulu ezejwayelekile.
Lapho amaBolsheviks eqala ukubusa, aqala ukwakha kabusha isakhiwo sezwe namasosha. Iningi labaholi bezempi bangaleso sikhathi bafunda amava eMpi Yezwe Yokuqala futhi bakhumbula ngabelusi baseJalimane.
Ngeshwa, lezi zinja bezingakwazi ukusebenza kulo lonke elase-USSR futhi bezingezona ezendawo yonke.
Kungabanda eJalimane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseBavaria, lapho kwavela khona abelusi baseJalimane, kepha le mikhuhlane ayinakuqhathaniswa neKarelia, Siberia, Kamchatka. ABelusi baseJalimane bafa yiqhwa, futhi ezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu kwakudingeka bafudunyezwe njalo emahoreni amane.
Ngo-1924 kwasungulwa indlu yenja yaseKrasnaya Zvezda, ezobandakanyeka ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezintsha zeSoviet Army. Yilapho lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona iTherrier yaseRussia, bese kuqala umsebenzi kuMalusi waseMpumalanga Yurophu. Umsebenzi obubekwe phambi kwezinja wawunzima: ukuthola inja enkulu, ephathekayo, ekwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi amakhaza kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwashiya kungathandeki futhi umsebenzi waqala ngempela ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kanye namabutho aseSoviet, inqwaba yabelusi baseJalimane abangenaqiniso bangena ezweni.
Ngenxa yalokho, amaJalimane nokho aba yisisekelo se-East European Shepherd Dog, kepha kwanezelwa kubo igazi likaLaikas, Central Asian Shepherd Dogs nezinye izinhlobo. Iziphathimandla zazidinga izinja ezinkulu ezikwazi ukuqapha amakamu kanti uhlobo olusha lwavela lwaba lukhulu kunezaseJalimane zakudala.
Izinga lokuqala le-BEO lamukelwa ngo-1964 nguMkhandlu waseKennel woMnyango Wezolimo wase-USSR. I-East European Shepherd Dog izoba enye yezinja ezithandwa kakhulu emasosheni nakwamanye ama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho, kodwa futhi izothola abalandeli bayo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye.
Kanye nebutho, kuzoya kwamanye amazwe e-Warsaw bloc, kepha ngeke kufinyelele ukuthandwa okufanayo. Intshisekelo ku-VEO izokwehla ngokuphawulekayo kuphela ngokuwa kweNyunyana, lapho izinhlobo ezintsha, ezingaphandle zizotheleleka ezweni.
Yize i-BEO isamelwe emazweni amaningi ezwe elaliyi-USSR, inani lezinja ezihlanzekile lincipha ngokuqhubekayo. Okuningi kwalokhu kungenxa yokungaziphathi kahle kwabanikazi bebawela nabanye abelusi.
Imizamo yamakilabhu nabasafufusa ayikwazi ukusindisa lesi simo, futhi yize ikusasa le-BEO lisagcwele amafu, esikhathini esikude lingahle lingabe lisaba khona njengohlobo oluzalwayo.
Incazelo yohlobo
Izinja Zabelusi zaseMpumalanga Yurophu ziyefana nezaseJalimane, futhi abantu abavamile abakwazi ukuzihlukanisa. Umehluko osobala phakathi kwe-BEO noMalusi waseJalimane yilawa: usayizi omkhulu, ijazi elijiyile, umugqa ohlukile wasemuva, amaphethini wokuhamba ahlukile nemibala embalwa. Kepha, njengoba izinja eziningi ziwelile zodwa nezinye izinhlobo, ama-BEO angahluka kakhulu ekuvumelaneni.
Lolu wuhlobo oluphakathi nolukhulu, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-66 - 76 cm, abesifazane abangama-62 - 72 cm. Njengoba izinja ezinde zibukeka zingcono kubha yombukiso, zithandwa ngabazalisi. Isisindo sincike ebulilini, iminyaka nempilo yenja, kepha imvamisa inja endala yase-East European Shepherd inesisindo sobunzima obungu-35-60 kg besilisa kanye no-30-50 kg wamaqhubu.
Kodwa-ke, bathambekele ekukhuluphaleni futhi ezinye izinja zinesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Ku-BEO, umugqa ongemuva awuthambekele kangako kunabelusi baseJalimane futhi ngenxa yalokhu bayehluka ngohlobo lokuhamba.
Inhloko iyalingana nomzimba, yize inkulu. Uma ibukwa ngaphezulu, kuyabonakala ukuthi imise okwekhanda, inendawo yokumisa ebushelelezi kodwa ephinyiswayo. Isifonyo siyingxenye yobude begebhezi, yize zombili zinde futhi zijule ngokwanele. Ukuluma kwesikisi.
Izindlebe zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, zikhombe futhi zikhombe phambili naphezulu, futhi zimile. Izindlebe zemidlwane yase-East European Shepherd iphakama ezinyangeni ezi-2 - 4-5. Amehlo aphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu, amise okweqanda, ansundu, amber noma i-hazel ngombala. Umbono ophelele wenja ukuzethemba, ubuqotho kanye nosongo olufihliwe.
Ijazi lide ngobude obuphakathi nengubo yangaphansi echazwe kahle. Umbala ojwayelekile ukhethwe ngesifihla (ngokwesibonelo esijulile) noma esimnyama. Okubunjiwe okumpunga nokubomvu okucandwe kwamukelwa kepha akufuneki.
Uhlamvu
I-East European Shepherd Dog iyinhlobo yensizakalo esebenza embuthweni wamaphoyisa nasemaphoyiseni futhi isimilo sayo sihambelana nemisebenzi eyenziwe. Lolu hlobo luyaziwa ngokuthembeka nokuzinikela kwalo, lwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile nomnikazi kangangokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubanikeza omunye umndeni.
Lokhu kuyinja yomuntu oyedwa ebambelela kwilungu lomndeni elilodwa futhi ingazinaki ezinye.
Yize kungenzeka ukuthi uyamthanda, akayena oweqa. Abafuyi abaningi abayincomi i-BEO njengezinja zomndeni, ngoba ayinamathele kakhulu ezinganeni (ngaphandle uma zikhetha ingane njengomnikazi wazo) kanti ezinye azizibekezeleli kahle.
Ngenkathi ukuxhumana nomphakathi kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano, ama-BEO adlala nezingane ngamandla afanayo azodlala nabantu abadala. Kepha, into eyinhloko ukuthi abakubekezeleli ukuba luhlaza futhi bangakuluma uma ukuphela kokubekezela kwabo sekufikile.
Izinja Zabelusi zaseMpumalanga Yurophu zisola ngokweqile izihambi. Ngaphandle koqeqesho nobudlelwano, bavame ukuba nolaka kubo, kepha baze bakhulise ukungathembeki nokuhlukaniswa. Uma inja ingalungiselelwe, khona-ke ukuhlukumeza abantu kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinja zithatha isikhathi eside ukwamukela umuntu omusha emndenini, isibonelo, umlingani. Abanye bangabanaki iminyaka.
Yize i-BEO izwela kakhulu, akuzona izinja eziqaphe kakhulu, ngoba zisebenza buthule futhi azixwayisi umnikazi ngabantu angabazi. Kepha bangabalindi abahle kakhulu, bazovikela indawo yabo nomndeni wabo kuze kube umoya wokugcina.
Abanikazi kuphela okudingeka bakhumbule ukuthi baluma kuqala bese beqaqa. Ngokwemvelo, lo ngumqaphi ophelele womnikazi, noma ngubani ofuna ukumcasula kuqala udinga ukubhekana nenja enamandla, enenhloso futhi esindayo.
Uma i-East European Shepherd ikhuliswe kahle, khona-ke zizwana kahle nezinye izinja, njengoba zenzelwe ukusebenza ngababili noma ngokupakisha. Kodwa-ke kukhona nabantu abanolaka, ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Zibonakala ngokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abanobungqingili, abanobunikazi nabobulili obufanayo.
Kepha maqondana nezinye izilwane, konke kuya ngohlobo lomalusi othile... Abanye bahlasela noma yisiphi isidalwa esinemilenze emine, abanye abanaso nhlobo isithakazelo kubo. Bangaphila ngokuphepha endlini eyodwa nekati uma bekhule ndawonye futhi bahlasela amakati angajwayelekile.
Mayelana nokufunda, bahle kakhulu, ngabe kungenjalo uma bengasebenza ebusosheni nasemisebenzini ekhethekile? Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, cishe ayikho imisebenzi ama-BEO angakwazanga ukubhekana nayo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kubazalisi bezinja abasafufusa, ukukhuliswa kwe-BEO kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi ongabongi.
Banamandla futhi ngeke balalele imiyalo yomuntu abamthatha njengongezansi kwabo esiteji senhlalo. Umnikazi udinga ukuthatha isikhundla somholi, futhi abantu ababengenazo izinja abazi njalo ukuthi kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangayishaya indiva imiyalo uma benganikezwa ngumnikazi. Umqeqeshi onamava nge-East European Shepherd Dog uzoba nayo ephelele, yize becabanga ukuthi iyinadi enzima yokuqhekeka.
Yakhelwe ukusebenza kanzima, amahora amade okusebenza, le nja iyasebenza futhi inamandla. Izinga lomsebenzi odingekayo kuye okungenani ihora ngosuku, futhi mhlawumbe amabili.
Lezo zinja ezingakwazi ukuthola amandla okugijima, ukudlala noma ukuqeqesha zikuthola ekubhubhiseni, ekusebenziseni ubudlova, nasekuhlaselweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kukodwa akwanele, badinga nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, inkambo ejwayelekile yokulalela edolobheni, ubugagu nezinye iziyalo kuyadingeka, kuyadingeka ekufundiseni i-VEO elawulwayo.
Ngenxa yezidingo zabo zemithwalo, azikulungele kahle ukugcinwa efulethini, zidinga indlu yangasese, igceke, i-aviary noma idokodo.
Ukunakekela
Inja yaseMpumalanga Yelusi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Ukuxubha njalo nokugeza ngezikhathi ezithile konke akudingayo. Ngokwemvelo, udinga ukuhlola ukuhlanzeka kwezindlebe bese usika uzipho, futhi udinga ukuqeqesha umdlwane, hhayi inja endala.
BEO molt, futhi ngokuphelele futhi kakhulu. Uma kwakukhona izinhlobo eziyishumi eziphezulu ze-molting, khona-ke wangena kuwo. Uboya bungamboza okhaphethi, ifenisha nezingubo unyaka wonke futhi buba bukhulu njengoba isikhathi sonyaka sishintsha.
Ezempilo
Njengoba kungekho zifundo zezempilo eziye zenziwa kwi-East European Shepherd Dogs, kunzima ukukhuluma ngokuzethemba kangaka. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinja zizuze izakhi zofuzo zezinhlobo eziningana, futhi zenzelwe izidingo ezinkulu.
I-BEO ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezinempilo, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nezinja zesimanje ezifuyiwe. Lo mbono wabiwa ngabanikazi bezinja, bethi abazibonanga izifo ezikhethekile. Isikhathi se-BEO siyiminyaka eyi-10-14, enhle nenja enkulu.
Zibonakala ngezifo lapho izinja ezinkulu zihlupheka khona - i-dysplasia ne-volvulus. Futhi uma okokuqala kubangela ushintsho emajoyini nasenhlungwini, khona-ke okwesibili kungaholela ekufeni kwenja. IVolvulus yenzeka kaningi ezinjeni ezinkulu ezinesifuba esijulile kunezincane.
Isizathu esivamile umsebenzi ngemuva kokudla okunzima. Ukuze uyigweme, udinga ukondla inja ngezingxenye ezincane futhi ungalayishi ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.
