Inja yaseGreater Swiss Mountain (Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund, French Grand Bouvier Suisse) luhlobo lwenja edabuka eSwitzerland Alps. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezine zeSennenhund ezisindile kuze kube yilolu suku, kodwa futhi noluncane kunazo zonke.
Izifushaniso
- Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, izinja zaseGross Mountain azivumelani kahle nempilo emafulethini aminyene. Bazizwa befanelekile endlini yangasese enegceke elibanzi.
- Zenzelwe umsebenzi kanti phambilini zazibizwa nangokuthi "amahhashi wabampofu", njengoba zazisebenza njengezinja ezibambekayo. Namuhla badinga ukucindezelwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
- Bazwana kahle nezingane, kodwa abancane badinga ukugadwa. Bangabawisa ngokunganakile, ngoba bakhulu kakhulu.
- Zijwayele ukushisa kakhulu, zigcine egumbini elinomoya opholile ngenkathi eshisayo futhi ungahambi ngesikhathi sokushisa.
- Bangasukela ikati likamakhelwane futhi bangalinaki ngokuphelele elakho. Ngokunikezwa usayizi, umakhelwane uzoba nebhadi uma kungekho zihlahla eduzane.
- Ungalokothi uthenge imidlwane ngaphandle kwamaphepha nasezindaweni ezingaziwa. Bheka izindlu zezinja eziqinisekisiwe kanye nabafuyi abanomthwalo wemfanelo.
Umlando wozalo
Kunzima ukusho ngemvelaphi yalolu hlobo, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngenkathi ingekho imithombo ebhaliwe okwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bezigcinwa ngabalimi abahlala ezindaweni eziqhelile. Kepha, enye idatha igciniwe.
Ziyaziwa ukuthi zivela ezifundeni zeBern naseDyurbach futhi zihlobene nezinye izinhlobo: iGreater Swiss, Appenzeller Senennhund kanye ne-Entlebucher.
Zaziwa njengoSwitzerland Abelusi noma Izinja Zasezintabeni futhi ziyahluka ngosayizi nobude bejazi. Kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kochwepheshe ngokuthi kumele babelwe liphi iqembu. Omunye uwahlukanisa ngokuthi amaMolosia, amanye athi amaMolosia, kanti amanye athi amaSchnauzers.
Sekuyisikhathi eside izinja ezingabelusi zihlala eSwitzerland, kodwa lapho amaRoma ehlasela izwe, eza nama-molossians, izinja zawo zempi. Umbono odumile ngukuthi izinja zendawo zahlangana nama-molossians futhi zaveza izinja zaseNtabeni.
Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu, kepha zonke izinhlobo ezine zihluke kakhulu kohlobo lweMolossian nezinye izinhlobo nazo zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwazo.
Abaphini nabakwaSchnauzers bahlala ezizweni ezikhuluma isiJalimane kusukela endulo. Bazingela izinambuzane, kodwa futhi bakhonza njengezinja zokuqapha. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yabo, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi bathutha namaJalimane asendulo banqamula iYurophu.
Lapho iRoma iwa, lezi zizwe zathatha izindawo ezazingaphansi kwamaRoma. Ngakho-ke, izinja zangena eziNtabeni ze-Alps futhi zahlangana nabantu bendawo, ngenxa yalokho, egazini leSennenhund kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwama-pinscher kanye nama-schnauzers, lapho athola khona umbala we-tricolor.
Njengoba i-Alps kunzima ukuyifinyelela, iningi le-Mountain Dogs lakhula lodwa. Ziyafana, futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi bonke bavela eNjawini Enkulu Yentaba yaseSwitzerland. Ekuqaleni, behloselwe ukuvikela imfuyo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zilwane zaxoshwa, abelusi bazifundisa ukuphatha imfuyo.
USennenhunds wabhekana nalo msebenzi, kepha abalimi babengazidingi izinja ezinkulu kangaka ngenxa yalezi zinhloso. E-Alps, kunamahhashi ambalwa, ngenxa yendawo nezwe elincane lokudla, futhi izinja ezinkulu zazisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla, ikakhulukazi emapulazini amancane. Ngakho-ke, izinja zaseSwitzerland zalungiselela abantu ngazo zonke izindlela.
Izigodi eziningi eSwitzerland ziqhelelene, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokufika kwezokuthutha zanamuhla. Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zeNtaba Yenja zavela, zazifana, kepha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zazisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezihlukile futhi zahlukile ngosayizi nebhantshi elide. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, yize zazibizwa ngegama elifanayo.
Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yayingena kancane kancane e-Alps, abelusi bahlala enye yezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhambisa izimpahla kwaze kwaba ngu-1870. Kancane kancane, inguquko yezimboni yafinyelela ezingxenyeni ezikude zezwe.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha buthathe isikhundla sezinja. Futhi eSwitzerland, ngokungafani namanye amazwe aseYurophu, zazingekho izinhlangano ze-canine ukuvikela izinja. Iklabhu yokuqala yadalwa ngo-1884 ukulondolozela iSt Bernards futhi ekuqaleni ayizange ikhombise intshisekelo kule nja yaseNtabeni. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900, iningi labo lalisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ezasinda: uBernese, u-Appenzeller no-Entlebucher. Futhi i-Gross Mountain Dog yayibhekwa njengengasekho, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye u-Albert Heim waqala umsebenzi wokusindisa abamele lolu hlobo olusindile. UDkt.Game wabuthela kuye abantu abathanda ngokweqile futhi waqala ukulinganisa uhlobo.
Ngo-1908, uFranz Schentrelib wamkhombisa imidlwane emibili emikhulu enezinwele ezimfishane, ayithatha njengeBernese. Umdlalo wababona njengezinja ezinkulu zaseGreat Swiss Mountain futhi waqala ukufuna abanye abamele lolu hlobo.
Ezinye zezinja zezintaba zanamuhla zisinde kuphela ezinkanjini nasemaphandleni akude, ikakhulukazi ngaseBern. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwanda kwenani lezimpikiswano ngokuthi iGreat Sennehund yayivame kangakanani ngaleyo minyaka. U-Heim ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuthi babeseduze nokuqothulwa, yize abantu abancane bahlala ehlane.
Imizamo kaGeim noShetrelib yokusindisa lolu hlobo yahlonyiswa ngempumelelo kwathi ngo-1909 iSwitzerland Kennel Club yaqaphela lolu hlobo futhi yalungena ku-studbook, kwathi ngo-1912 kwasungulwa iklabhu yokuqala yabathandi bohlobo. Njengoba iSwitzerland ingazange ibambe iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala noma Yesibili, inani lezinja nalo alithintekanga.
Kodwa-ke, ibutho lalilungiselela ubutha futhi lisebenzisa lezi zinja, ngoba zazingasebenza ezimweni ezinzima zentaba. Lokhu kukhula kwesithakazelo kulolo hlobo futhi ngasekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II kwakukhona izinja ezingaba ngu-350-400.
Naphezu kwenani elikhulayo le-Great Mountain Dogs, zihlala ziyizinhlobo ezingavamile futhi zitholakala kakhulu ezweni lakubo nase-United States. Ngo-2010, ngokwesibalo sezinja ezibhaliswe ne-AKC, babeka ezingeni lama-88 kwezingu-167.
Incazelo
IGreat Gross iyefana nezinye Izinja zaseNtabeni, ikakhulukazi iBernese. Kepha, ihlukaniswa nosayizi wayo omkhulu. Abesilisa ababunile bafinyelela ku-65-72 cm, ama-bitches angama-60-69 cm. Yize isisindo singalinganiselwe ngezinga lokuzala, abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo kusuka ku-54 kuye ku-70 kg, ama-bitches kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-52 kg.
Zikhulu impela, aziminyene futhi zikhulu njengama-mastiffs, kodwa ngesifuba esibanzi esifanayo. Umsila mude futhi uqonde lapho inja ikhululeke ngaphansi komugqa ongemuva.
Inhloko nesifonyo se-Great Swiss Mountain Dog ziyefana nezinye izinhlobo ze-Molossian, kepha hhayi njengezici ezibukhali. Inhloko inkulu, kepha iyahambisana nomzimba. Ukhakhayi kanye nesifonyo kubude obucishe bulingane, isifonyo sigqame ngokusobala futhi siphela ekhaleni elimnyama.
Isitobhi sibukhali, isifonyo uqobo sibanzi. Izindebe zincane, kepha azenzi izindiza. Amehlo amile okwe-alimondi, ansundu ngokusobala ngombala. Izindlebe zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, ukumila okungunxantathu, zilenga phansi ezihlathini.
Umbono ophelele wohlobo: ubungani nokuzola.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweBernese Mountain Dog kanye neGross Mountain Dog ungoboya. Iphindwe kabili futhi ivikela inja kahle emakhazeni e-Alps, ingubo yangaphansi iminyene futhi ngombala kufanele ibe mnyama ngangokunokwenzeka. Ijazi eliphezulu lesilinganiso sobude obuphakathi nendawo, kwesinye isikhathi lifushane lisuka ku-3.2 kuye ku-5.1 mm ubude.
Umbala ubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Gross Mountain Dog, izinja ezimnyama ezinezindawo ezicebile nezilinganayo zivunyelwe kumaqembu. Inja kufanele ibe nebala elimhlophe ebusweni, indawo ehambisanayo esifubeni, amapayipi amhlophe ezinyawo nezinsipho zomsila. Ukumakwa okubomvu ezihlathini, ngaphezu kwamehlo, ezinhlangothini zombili zesifuba, ngaphansi komsila nasemilenzeni.
Uhlamvu
Inja yasentabeni enkulu yaseSwitzerland inomlingiswa ohlukile, kuya ngomugqa wokuzalela. Noma kunjalo, zikhuliswe kahle futhi zaqeqeshwa, lezi zinja zizinzile futhi zingabikezela.
Baziwa ngokuzola kwabo futhi abathambekele ekushintsheni kwemizwelo okungazelelwe. AbakwaGross banamathele kakhulu emndenini nakumnikazi, bafuna ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nabo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi bangaba nothando olukhulu futhi bagxume esifubeni, okuqaphelekayo ngokunikezwa ubukhulu benja.
Inkinga enkulu abangase bahlupheke ngayo isizungu nesithukuthezi, lapho inja ichitha isikhathi esiningi iyodwa. Ababelethi bazama ukwenza izinja zibe nobungane futhi zamukeleke, futhi ngenxa yalokho, baphatha kahle abantu abangabazi.
Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinjeni ezihlangana nabantu, ngoba ngokwemvelo zinemvelo enamandla yokuzivikela futhi ngaphandle kokuhlangana nazo zingaba namahloni futhi zibe nolaka nabantu ezingabazi.
Izinja ezinkulu zasentabeni zinozwela kakhulu futhi zingaba abalindi abahle kakhulu. Ukukhonkotha kwabo kunomsindo omkhulu futhi kuyagingqika, futhi kukodwa kwanele ukuqinisa noma isiphi isela. Okubi ngalokhu ukuthi bangamazisa umnikazi lapho umuntu evele ehla ngomgwaqo futhi ekhonkotha kaningi.
Abathandi ukusebenzisa ulaka, kepha uma abantu besengozini, yisebenzise ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinja ezihlakaniphile, ezikwazi ukuqonda lapho izinto zibucayi, futhi uma nje kungumdlalo.
Izinja ezinkulu zasezintabeni ziqeqeshwe futhi zihlalisane kahle. Abalumi nje kuphela, kepha futhi babekezelela imidlalo yezingane ngesineke esikhulu futhi bazidlalela phansi.
Iningi labanikazi lithi bayazithanda izingane futhi izingane ziyazithanda. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi ezinganeni ezisencane kakhulu zingaba yingozi ngenxa yamandla nobukhulu bazo, zibadilize ngokungazi ngesikhathi semidlalo.
Abazalanisi bazamile ukwenza uhlobo lokubekezelela ezinye izilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinja eziningi ezimbi zihlangana kahle nezinye izinja, yize zingakulangazeleli ukuba nazo.
Bazwana sengathi babhangqwe nenye inja, kepha futhi babekezelela ngokuphelele isizungu. Abanye besilisa bakhombisa ukuhlukumeza abanye abesilisa, kepha lokhu kuyiphutha ekuqeqesheni nasekusebenzeni nabantu. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lokuhlukumeza luyingozi ezinjeni, ngoba amandla nobukhulu bazovumela inja enkulu yasentabeni ukuthi ilimaze kabi umphikisi.
AmaSennenhunds adalelwa ukuqapha imfuyo nokusiza abelusi. Ngokuvamile, ziphatha kahle ezinye izilwane futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlala endlini eyodwa namakati, kepha konke kuya ngomlingiswa.
Uhlobo lolo luyakwazi ukuqeqeshwa kalula, bahlakaniphile futhi bazama ukujabulisa. Bathanda ikakhulukazi imisebenzi eyisidina njengokuhambisa izimpahla. Empeleni, lona kwakungomunye wemisebenzi ngalezo zinsuku lapho kwakungekho zithuthi zesimanje e-Alps.
Kodwa-ke, okuningi ekuqeqesheni kuncike emandleni omnikazi wokulawula inja yakhe, ngoba badinga isandla esizinzile. Kodwa-ke, bayazithoba impela futhi akunzima ngomfuyi wezinja onolwazi ukuthi abe ngumholi wepakethe emehlweni abo. Kepha labo abangazilawuli bazoba nobunzima ekuqeqeshweni.
Umnikazi kumele khombisa ngokuqinile nangokungaguquguquki ukuthi uphethekodwa ngaphandle kokumemeza noma ukuphoqa. Lokhu akusiyo inzalo evelele futhi baphuma esandleni kuphela uma kuvunyelwe. Kungcono ukuthatha isifundo sokuqeqeshwa njengoba nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezincane zingakhungathekisa uma unikezwa usayizi wenja.
Izinja ezindala zizolile futhi zikhululekile, kepha imidlwane ekhuthele iyasebenza futhi inamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga isikhathi esithe xaxa sokuthuthuka ngokugcwele kunezinye izinhlobo.
Umdlwane ukhula ngokuphelele ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila. Ngeshwa, akufanele bavunyelwe ukuthi basebenze ngokweqile, ngoba amathambo emidlwane akhula kancane futhi ukusebenza okuqinile kule minyaka kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlangene ngokuzayo. Ukunxephezela ngokuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba, badinga ukulayishwa ngokwengqondo.
Ukunakekela
Uhlobo olulula ukunakekelwa, lwanele ukuluhlanganisa njalo. Udinga nje ukunaka ukuthi bachitha kakhulu, futhi kabili ngonyaka baphinde bachithe kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungakuhle ukuthi ukame nsuku zonke.
Uma wena noma amalungu omndeni wakho nixabana nezinwele zezinja, cabanga ngohlobo oluhlukile. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi amathe awo awahambi, ngokungafani nezinja eziningi ezinkulu.
Ezempilo
I-Greater Swiss Mountain Dog iyinhlobo enempilo kakhulu kunesayizi yayo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinja ezinkulu, zinempilo emfushane.
Imithombo ehlukile ibiza izinombolo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka eminyakeni engu-7 kuye kwengu-11, kepha isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila cishe sineminyaka eyi-8-9. Zivame ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11 ubudala, kepha kuyaqabukela zivame ukudlula lesi sikhathi.
Imvamisa bahlushwa yi-distichiasis, i-anomaly lapho uhla olwengeziwe lwama-eyelashes luvela ngemuva kwalabo abavame ukukhula. Lesi sifo sivela kuma-20% wezinja zezintaba zaseGross.
Kodwa-ke, ayibulali, yize icasula inja kwezinye izimo.
Isimo sesibili esivamile ukungavumelani nomchamo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala. Yize abesilisa nabo behlushwa yiyo, ukungazibambi kuvame kakhulu kuma-bitches futhi cishe i-17% yabo ihlushwa ukugula okuthile.
