Inhlanzi yaseMudskipper (Latin Oxudercidae, English mudskipper fish) wuhlobo lwezinhlanzi eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezivumelane nokuhlala endaweni esogwini lolwandle nolwandle, lapho imifula igelezela khona. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuphila, ukuhamba nokudla ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhashana futhi zibekezelela kahle amanzi anosawoti. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zigcinwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Izinhlanzi eziphila emanzini ziyizinhlanzi ezingashiya amanzi isikhathi eside. Izinhlanzi eziningi zasendulo zazinezitho ezifana namaphaphu, kanti ezinye zazo (ngokwesibonelo, i-polypterus) zisayigcina le ndlela yokuphefumula.
Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlanzi zesimanje, lezi zitho seziphenduke izishubhu zokubhukuda, ezisiza ukulawula ukuthambisa.
Njengoba engenawo amaphaphu, izinhlanzi zanamuhla ezisemanzini zisebenzisa ezinye izindlela ukuphefumula, njengezinhlungu zazo noma isikhumba.
Sekukonke, kunezigaba ezingaba ngu-11 ezihlobene kude zalolu hlobo, kufaka phakathi ama-mudskippers.
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-32 zama-mudskippers futhi kuzoba nencazelo ejwayelekile ku-athikili, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuchaza uhlobo ngalunye.
Ama-mudskippers ahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, emihlangeni yomfula i-Indian Ocean, empumalanga yePacific nasogwini lwase-Atlantic e-Afrika. Bayasebenza impela emhlabathini, bayondla futhi bahileleke ekulweni komunye nomunye ukuvikela indawo.
Njengoba igama labo liphakamisa, lezi zinhlanzi zisebenzisa amaphiko azo ukunyakaza, zisebenzisa ukuziphonsa.
Incazelo
Ama-jumpers odaka aziwa ngokubukeka kwawo okungajwayelekile kanye namandla okusinda ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi. Zingakhula zifike kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude futhi eziningi zinombala onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ezinemibala esukela kobumnyama iye ekukhanyeni.
Futhi kwaziwa ngamehlo aqhamukayo, atholakala phezulu kakhulu kwekhanda labo eliyisicaba. Lawa ngamehlo aguquliwe ukuze akwazi ukubona kahle kokubili emhlabeni nasemanzini, naphezu kokwehluka kwezikhombisi zomoya namanzi.
Kodwa-ke, isici sabo esiphawuleka kakhulu amaphiko we-pectoral asemuva phambi komzimba ohlanganisiwe. Lawa maphiko asebenza ngokufanayo nemilenze, avumela izinhlanzi ukuba zisuke kwenye indawo ziye kwenye.
Lezi zinsimbi zangaphambili zivumela izinhlanzi ukuba "zigxume" ezindaweni ezinodaka futhi zivumele nokuba zikhuphuke izihlahla namagatsha aphansi. Kutholakale nokuthi udaka lungeqa amabanga afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60.
Imvamisa zihlala ezindaweni ezinamaza aphakeme futhi zikhombise ukujwayela okuhlukile kule ndawo engatholakali kwezinye izinhlanzi eziningi. Izinhlanzi ezivamile ziyasinda ngemuva kwamaza amancane, zicashe ngaphansi kwe-algae emanzi noma emanzini amancane.
Isici esithakazelisa kakhulu se-mudskippers yikhono labo lokusinda futhi likhona ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni nasemphinjeni; kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma izinhlanzi zimanzi. Le ndlela yokuphefumula, efana naleyo esetshenziswa ama-amphibians, yaziwa njengokuphefumula okungatheni.
Okunye ukujwayela okubalulekile okusiza ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi amagumbi akhulisiwe e-gill, lapho abamba khona i-bubble yomoya. Lapho ziphuma emanzini futhi zihamba emhlabeni, zisengaphefumula zisebenzisa amanzi angaphakathi kwamagumbi azo amakhulu amakhulu.
Lawa magumbi avale ngci lapho izinhlanzi zingaphezu kwamanzi, ngenxa ye-valve engena umoya, egcina izinhlungu zimanzi futhi zivumela ukuthi zisebenze lapho zivezwa emoyeni.
Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, batholakale ukuthi basebenzise cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zempilo yabo emhlabeni.
Ama-mudskippers ahlala emigodini ayemba yodwa. Le mibhoshongo ivame ukubonakala ngophahla olubushelelezi oluvalekile.
Ama-jumpers ayasebenza impela lapho ephuma emanzini, adla futhi ahlanganyele omunye nomunye, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvikela izindawo zawo nokunakekela ozakwabo abangahle babe nabo.
Ukuxakaniseka kokuqukethwe
Kuyinkimbinkimbi nokuqukethwe, kunezimo eziningi okufanele zibonwe. Iningi lenhlanzi lenza kahle ekuthunjweni uma linikezwa indawo yokuhlala efanelekile.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezinosawoti. Noma imuphi umqondo wokuthi bangahlala emanzini ahlanzekile ungamanga, abakwa-mudskippers bazofa emanzini anosawoti ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyindawo futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu eziqhelile endle.
Akunconyelwe abaqalayo.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukuthengiswa yiPeriopthalmus barbarus, uhlobo oluqinile, olufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Njengawo wonke ama-jumpers, iqhamuka ezindaweni ezi-brackish lapho amanzi engekho olwandle oluhlanzekile noma olusha.
Amanzi ama-brackish atholakala emachwebeni (izikhukhula ezinamanzi) lapho okuqukethwe usawoti kuthonywa amagagasi, ukuhwamuka, imvula nemisinga evela emifuleni nasemifudlaneni. Iningi lama-jumpers athengiswa ezitolo zezilwane adotshwa emanzini anosawoti ka-1.003 kuya ku-1.015 ppm.
Ama-mudskippers angaminza!
Yebo, uzwe kahle, lezi zinhlanzi ezingezona eziqinile kakhulu kufanele zikwazi ukuphuma emanzini, ngoba zichitha i-85% yesikhathi ukuphuma emanzini. Kepha futhi badinga ukuthi bakwazi ukwehla ukuze bazigcine bemanzi futhi bavimbele ukoma.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi umoya ongaphandle kwamanzi unomswakama kakhulu futhi usezingeni lokushisa elifanayo namanzi.
Badinga indawo "yolwandle", engaba isiqhingi esikhulu esehlukile ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium, noma yakhelwe njengeziqhingi ezincane ezenziwe ngezimpande zemithi namatshe angenabuthi.
Bakhetha isisekelo esingaphansi kwesihlabathi lapho bengondla khona futhi bagcine umswakama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isihlabathi sinethuba eliphansi lokulimaza isikhumba sabo. Indawo yomhlaba namanzi ingahlukaniswa ngamatshe amakhulu, amatshe, ucezu lwe-acrylic.
Kodwa-ke, abesilisa banendawo enkulu futhi abantu ababusayo bazokwenza impilo ibe lusizi kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke hlela isikhala sakho ngokufanele.
Bayakwazi ukuhlala emanzini abengeke alungele ngokuphelele izinhlanzi eziningi. Yize kungathandeki, zingaphila isikhashana emanzini aqukethe ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-ammonia.
Amanzi, anezinga eliphansi le-oxygen, akuyona inkinga ngoba i-jumper ithola iningi lomoya-mpilo emoyeni.
Izincomo zokuqukethwe okuphumelele:
- Sebenzisa ingilazi yonke noma i-acrylic aquarium engeke isuse usawoti.
- Gcina amazinga okushisa omoya namanzi phakathi kuka-24 no-29 degrees Celsius. Izifudumezi zokucwiliswa ezinqunywe ngokuphepha ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwesikhumba zilungile.
- Sebenzisa i-thermometer ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamanzi.
- Nikeza indawo eyanele yezinhlanzi ukuze zichithe isikhathi esiningi sempilo yazo. I-jumper enodaka ichitha isikhathi esincane emanzini.
- Sebenzisa ikhava eqinile ye-aquarium. Ngincoma ingilazi noma ipulasitiki ecacile. Ama-aquariums avulekile awamukeleki ngoba akhipha umswakama obalulekile empilweni yezinhlanzi.
- Uma ufaka amanzi asemhwamuko, ungasebenzisi amanzi amunyu; njalo sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile angenawo uketshezi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ngenkathi amanzi ehwamuka, usawoti awuhwamuki, futhi uma ufaka usawoti omningi, usawoti uzokhula.
- Ungavumeli amanzi amaningi aphele, usawoti uzokhuphuka nezinhlanzi zakho zingafa.
- Ama-jumpers odaka angaphila ezinhlotsheni eziningi zikasawoti ngenxa yendawo eshintsha njalo lapho ahlala khona. Ungasebenzisi usawoti wetafula; kufanele uthenge usawoti wasolwandle esitolo sezilwane.
- Ithangi kufanele libe nomoya onomswakama omswakama ongaba ngu-70-80% ngokusho kwe-hygrometer.
Ukondla
Endle, zondla izinkalankala, iminenke, izikelemu zasemanzini, izinhlanzi ezincane, i-fish roe, ulwelwe nezinye izilwane zasemanzini.
E-aquarium, okulandelayo kufanelekile njengokudla: imisundu yegazi, i-tubifex, amakhilikithi amancane, izingcezu ezincane ze-squid, izimbaza, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi abadonsa udaka badla osebeni, hhayi emanzini. Noma ngabe bayancenga, melana nesilingo sokudla izinhlanzi zakho ngokweqile.
Kufanele bondliwe kuze kube yilapho izisu zabo zikhukhumala bese kufanele ulinde zize izisu zabo zibuyele ngosayizi ojwayelekile.
Ukuhambisana
Ama-mudskippers ayindawo, adinga indawo enkulu yomhlaba futhi agcinwa eyedwa kangcono.
Iseluleko sami kulabo ababengenawo ama-mudskippers ukuthi baqaphele futhi baqukethe eyodwa kuphela. Banolaka futhi owesilisa angalimaza kabi noma abulale omunye wesilisa.
Ukuthola indawo entsha yezinhlanzi akulula, ikakhulukazi lapho abanikazi abangaba khona bezwa ngokuthambekela kwezinhlanzi zokuphunyuka emanzini.
Kodwa-ke, awahambisani nezinye izinhlanzi futhi aziwa ngokudla noma yini ehambayo.
Akulona ihlaya! Abanye abanenhlanhla baphumelele ekugcineni ama-mudskippers nezinye izinhlobo zasemanzini ezinamachibi, kepha ngincoma ngokumelene nalokhu.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngamaphiko abo amakhulu emhlane kanye nombala ogqamile. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bakhombisa izindawo ezinemibala egqamile ngombala ukuheha abesifazane. Amabala angaba bomvu, aluhlaza, futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuzala
Abesilisa bakha imigodi emise okwe-J noma engu-Y odakeni. Lapho nje owesilisa eqeda ukumba umgodi wakhe, uzophumela obala azozama ukuheha insikazi esebenzisa ukunyakaza nokuma okuhlukahlukene.
Lapho insikazi isikwenzile ukukhetha kwayo, izolandela eyeduna iye emgodini, lapho izobeka khona amaqanda amakhulu bese iwavumela ukuba avundise. Ngemuva kokungena kwakhe, owesilisa uxhuma ukungena nodaka, okuhlukanisa laba bobabili.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, isikhathi sokuhlala phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane sifushane. Ekugcineni, insikazi izohamba, futhi yindoda ezogada umgodi ogcwaliswe nge-caviar ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezilambile.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ngomkhuba onzima kangaka, ukuzalanisa udaka endaweni yasekhaya akunangqondo. Umzamo wokukhiqiza kabusha izimo ezinje ungaba kude kakhulu namandla abanikazi bokuzilibazisa abaningi.
