I-Dimidiochromis compressiceps (i-Latin Dimidiochromis compressiceps, i-English Malawi eyebiter) iyi-cichlid edlayo evela eLake Malawi eNingizimu Afrika. Akuvamile kakhulu, kepha kutholakala kuma-aquariums. Le nhlanzi ingumbono ohlaba umxhwele ngempela ngombala wayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wensimbi nokumila okuhlukile. Icindezelwe kakhulu emaceleni, okwenza ibe yicichlid eyisicaba kunazo zonke eLake Malawi.
Ukuphila emvelweni
IDimidiochromis compressiceps yachazwa nguBoulenger ngo-1908. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eMalawi, eMozambique naseTanzania. Kukhulunywa ngeLake Malawi, eLake Malombe kanye nasezindlwini zeShire eMpumalanga Afrika
Bahlala emanzini angajulile ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinama-substrates anesihlabathi, lapho kunezindawo zeVallisneria nezinye izitshalo. Lezi zindawo zingamanzi azolile, cishe angenawo amagagasi. Zizingela izinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile, kanye nedada elincane kanye neMbuna encane.
Isidla esidla izambane likapondo, isimo saso esicindezelwe se-lateral nokuma kwekhanda kwaso phansi kuyivumela ukuthi ihlale ifihliwe phakathi kweVallisneria futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuyibona emanzini avulekile. Inomugqa omnyama osuka embotsheni ngemuva komsila, osebenzela ukunikeza ukufihla okuqhubekayo.
Naphezu kwegama layo lesiNgisi (Malawi eyebiter), alizingeli kuphela iso lezinye izinhlobo, lincamela ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane (ikakhulukazi i-juvenile Copadichromis sp.). Bahlukile ngoba bagwinya umsila wabo wokuqala, kunokuba bawuphebeze ikhanda kuqala.
Kodwa-ke, leli gama livela kumkhuba walo wokudla amehlo enhlanzi emvelweni. Lokhu akwenzeki kaningi, futhi kunemibono eyahlukahlukene ezungezile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi usiphuphuthekisa isisulu sakhe, abanye bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho ukudla kuyindlala, kanti abanye basikisela ukuthi iso lingaba uhlobo lwesibiliboco.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuma-aquariums anezinhlobo ezondliwe kahle lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela, uma kwenzeka.
Incazelo
I-Dimidiochromis compressiceps ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-23. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Baphila ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-10.
Umzimba uncane futhi ucindezelwe kamuva (yingakho igama lesiLatini elithi compressiceps), elehlisa ukubonakala kwalo. Umlomo mkhulu kakhulu, nemihlathi mide, ifinyelela cishe kwengxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba.
Le cichlid enkulu ivamise ukuba nomzimba o-whitish-silver onomugqa onsundu ovundlile ezinhlangothini, kusukela embhedeni wesifonyo kuya emsileni.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili bapenda umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhazimulayo onamabala abomvu nawasawolintshi emaphikweni abo. Ifomu le-albino ne-multicolor kuvamile.
Ukuxakaniseka kokuqukethwe
Lezi zinhlanzi zigcinwa kahle ngabathandi bama-cichlid abanolwazi. Kunzima ukukunakekela ngenxa yesidingo samanzi amakhulu namanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu. Badinga nesembozo esiningi.
Ama-Dimidiochromis ayizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi azobulala noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane kunawo. Zizwana nezinye izinhlanzi inqobo nje uma ozakwabo bamathangi besayizi efanayo noma bakhulu futhi bengenalo ulaka ngokweqile.
Akufanele zigcinwe kwizimbuna noma amanye ama-cichlid amancane.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
E-aquarium, iDimidiochromis compressiceps imvamisa ikhetha ukubhukuda kukholamu lamanzi, ngokungafani nama-cichlids ajwayelekile ase-Afrika omndeni wakwaMbuna (abahlali bamadwala). Bangaba nolaka ngesikhathi sokuzala, bavikele ngamandla indawo yabo kubo bonke abangenayo.
Eyodwa yeduna kufanele igcinwe esidlekeni esinezinsikazi eziningana, ngoba lokhu kuphazamisa ubudlova bayo kunoma yimuphi owesifazane othile.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu nokuziphatha okunolaka, i-aquarium kufanele igcinwe okungenani amalitha angama-300. Uma igcinwa namanye ama-cichlids, kuzodingeka i-aquarium enkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iziphi izinhlanzi ezincane kufanele zigwenywe njengoba zingadliwa.
Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids asechibini laseMalawi, bathanda amanzi ane-alkaline aqinile. Imifudlana egelezela eLake Malawi icebile ngamaminerali. Lokhu, kanye nokuhwamuka, kuholele ekwakhiweni kwamanzi ane-alkaline, enezimbiwa kakhulu.
ILake Malawi yaziwa ngokusobala kwayo kanye nokuzinza maqondana ne-pH kanye namanye amakhemikhali amanzi. Akunzima ukubona ukuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukugcina ithrekhi yemingcele ye-aquarium nazo zonke izinhlanzi zaseMalawi.
I-Dimidiochromis idinga ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle kanye nokuhlunga okunamandla kakhulu nokusebenza kahle. Bangabekezelela noma iyiphi i-pH ngaphezulu kokungathathi hlangothi, kepha i-pH 8 ingcono kakhulu (ake sithi i-pH 7.5-8.8). Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lokuqukethwe: 23-28 ° C.
Hlobisa i-aquarium ngezinqwaba zamatshe ahlelwe ukwakha imihume, izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi avulekile zokubhukuda. Nikeza izindawo ezivulekile maphakathi nangaphansi kwethangi ukulingisa indawo yazo yemvelo.
Izihlahlana zezitshalo eziphilayo noma zokufakelwa ezifika phezulu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, njengama-nooks phakathi kwamatshe. Izitshalo eziphilayo ezifana ne-vallisneria zilingisa indawo yazo yemvelo kahle.
Lezi zinhlanzi akuzona amagundane futhi ngeke zibakhathaze.
Kukhethwa i-substrate enesihlabathi.
Ukondla
Ukudla okwenziwe njengamaphilisi kuzodliwa, kepha akufanele kube yisisekelo sokudla. Yize ngokwemvelo le nhlanzi iyisilwane esidla izinhlanzi, ingaqeqeshwa kalula ukuthi idle ukudla okufakelwayo nokubandayo. Imfene, izimbaza, amagobolondo asolwandle, imisundu yegazi, i-tubifex, njll.
Ukuhambisana
Le nhlanzi akuyona eye-aquarium ejwayelekile. Isidliwayo, kepha sinolaka olulinganiselwe kuphela. Izinhlobo ezidlayo ezinomlomo omkhulu okungafanele zigcinwe nezinhlanzi ezingaphansi kuka-15 ubude, njengoba zizodliwa.
Kodwa-ke, zihlala ngokuthula nezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba zingadliwa. Abesilisa baba yindawo kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Kuhle ukugcinwa ngamaqembu owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningi. Owesilisa uzohlasela abulale noma yimuphi owesilisa wohlobo olufanayo ethangini, ngaphandle kwalapho ithangi liyithani.
Uma nje ama-tankmate esayizi efanayo noma emakhulu futhi engenalo ulaka olukhulu, azohambisana nale cichlid. Ungayigcini le nhlanzi ngama-cichlids amancane.
Bangabazingeli bemvelo futhi bazohlasela noma ngubani omncane ngokwanele ukuba angadla.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa asebekhulile banemibala egqame kakhulu kunabesifazane, okuyizinsalela eziningi ezisobala.
Ukuzala
Akulula. Lolu hlobo lwesithembu, amaqanda achanyuselwa emlonyeni. Ngokwemvelo, abesilisa bendawo bemba ukucindezeleka okungajulile esihlabathini njengendawo yokuzala.
Imvamisa indawo yokuzala itholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zezitshalo zasemanzini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ngaphansi noma eduze kwesiqu somuthi ocwilisiwe noma ngaphansi kwetshe eligingqikayo.
Ithangi lokuzalela kumele okungenani libe ngamasentimitha angama-80 ubude. Amatshe amakhulu ambalwa ayisicaba kufanele engezwe ezindaweni zokuzalela ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokuzalela ezingaba khona kanye nezindawo zeVallisneria. I-pH eyi-8.0-8.5 efanele kanye nokushisa okuphakathi kuka-26-28 ° C.
Kunconywa ukuthi kuzalwe iqembu lowesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abangama-3-6, njengoba abesilisa bengaba nodlame kwabesifazane ngabodwana. Lapho owesilisa esekulungele, uzokhetha indawo ezalela kuyo, kungaba edwaleni eliyisicaba noma ngokumba ukucindezeleka ku-substrate.
Uzozibonakalisa azungeze le ndawo, azuze umbala oshubile, futhi azame ukuheha abesifazane ukuze bahlangane naye.
Lapho insikazi isilungile, izosondela lapho izalela khona ibeke amaqanda lapho, ngemuva kwalokho izowangenisa emlonyeni wayo ngokushesha. Owesilisa unamabala ane-ovoid ku-anal fin aheha insikazi. Lapho ezama ukuwafaka kulenkukhu esemlonyeni wakhe, empeleni uthola isidoda esivela kowesilisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvundiswe amaqanda.
Uzobamba amaqanda afinyelela ku-250 (imvamisa 40-100) emlonyeni wakhe cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokukhipha gazinga elintanta mahhala. Ngeke adle ngalesi sikhathi futhi angabonwa ngumlomo wakhe ovuvukile nombala omnyama.
I-female D. compressiceps idume ngokukhipha amantshontsho ayo kusenesikhathi lapho icindezelekile, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekelwe ngokweqile uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhambisa izinhlanzi.
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi uma insikazi iphuma esikoloni isikhathi eside kakhulu, ingalahlekelwa yindawo yayo esigungwini seqembu. Kungcono ukulinda isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuhambisa insikazi, ngaphandle kwalapho owesifazane ejahwa nguye.
Abanye abakhiqizi basusa ngokungeyikho ukuthosa emlonyeni kamama esigabeni samaviki ama-2 bese bewakhulisa ngokungeyikho kusukela lapho kuqhubeke. Lokhu kuvamise ukuthi kusinde gazinga, kepha le ndlela inconywa kuphela kulabo abanolwazi olwedlule ngezinhlanzi.
Kunoma ikuphi, gazinga likhulu ngokwanele ukuthi lingadla i-brine shrimp nauplii kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokubhukuda kwabo kwamahhala.
