Ibhubesi lase-Afrika (i-Panthera leo) liyisilwane esivela ohlotsheni lwama-panther, lingelomndeni wekati, futhi libhekwa njengekati elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20, inani lalezi zinhlobo lehla kakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Njengoba zingenazo izitha eziqondile endaweni yazo, amabhubesi abhujiswa njalo ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni nabathandi be-safari.
Incazelo
Ngenkathi kunzima ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwabamele ubulili obuhlukile kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, ezingonyameni, umehluko wobulili ubonakala ngamehlo. Owesilisa kowesifazane akahlukaniswa kuphela ngosayizi womzimba, kodwa futhi nangomhlwenga omkhulu ozungeze ikhanda.
Abamele isiqu esibuthakathaka abanawo umhlobiso onjalo, ososayensi bahlobanisa lokhu neqiniso lokuthi yiyona ntokazi edlala indima yokondla kanye nohlaza olwandisiwe esikhunjeni olungeke lumvumele ukuba angene phezu kwezidalwa eziphilayo otshanini obukhulu.
Amabhubesi ase-Afrika abhekwa njengezinsimbi ezisindayo phakathi kwezinsikazi, isisindo sabesilisa singafinyelela kuma-250 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-4 m ngomsila kuze kufike ku-3 m ngaphandle kwawo. Amakati amancane - anesisindo esifinyelela ku-180 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba abudluli kumamitha amathathu.
Umzimba wale nkosi yezilwane uqinile futhi uminyene unemisipha enamandla egingqika ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Umbala wengubo emfushane, eminyene uvame ukuba nesihlabathi esiphuzi noma ukhilimu. Amabhubesi amadala emakhanda awo afaka umhlwenga kanokusho wombala omnyama, obomvu onamamaki amnyama e-tan, owehla esihlokweni futhi umboze ingxenye yangemuva nesifuba. Umdala wesilisa, izinwele zakhe ziyajiya; amawundlu omfana amancane awunawo umhlobiso onjalo. Izindlebe zamabhubesi ase-Afrika zincane futhi ziyindilinga; ngaphambi kokuthomba, amazinyane anamachashazi alula endlebeni. Umsila mude futhi unezinwele ezibushelelezi, kuphela ekugcineni kwawo kukhona ibhulashi elibushelelezi.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amabhubesi ayetholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba, ngalesi sikhathi, izifunda ezithile kuphela ezingaziqhenya ngokuba nale ndoda ebabazekayo. Ukube ngaphambili izingonyama zase-Afrika zazisakazeke kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika ngisho nase-Asia, manje abase-Asiya batholakala kuphela e-Indian Gujarat, lapho isimo sezulu nohlaza kubalungele khona, isibalo sabo asidluli abantu abayi-523. Abantu base-Afrika bahlala eBurkina Faso naseCongo kuphela, akukho ngaphezu kuka-2 000 wabo.
Indlela Yokuphila
Kusuka kubamele bezinye izinhlobo ze-feline, amabhubesi ahlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga bawo: ahlala emindenini emikhulu ngokukhethekile - ukuziqhenya okubandakanya abantu abayishumi nambili, lapho owesilisa oyedwa noma ababili bedlala indima enkulu. Zonke ezinye izakhamuzi zomndeni zingabantu besifazane namazinyane.
Ingxenye eqinile yokuziqhenya idlala indima yabaphikisi, baxosha abanye abesilisa emndenini wabo abangakabi naso isikhathi sokuzitholela abesifazane babo. Impi iyaqhubeka, abesilisa ababuthakathaka noma izilwane ezisencane azilahli imizamo yokuxwaya amakhosikazi abanye abantu. Uma umuntu ongaziwa eyinqoba le mpi, uzobulala wonke amawundlu ezingonyama ukuze izinsikazi zikulungele ngokushesha ukukhwelana nokuzala.
Ngokuziqhenya ngakunye kunikezwa insimu ethile, enobude bamakhilomitha ayizikwele amaningana. Njalo kusihlwa umholi wazisa omakhelwane ngobukhona bomnikazi kule ndawo ngokubhonga okukhulu nokubhonga, okungazwakala ebangeni elingu-8-9 km.
Lapho amawundlu amancane engonyama ekhula futhi engadingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, cishe eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, oyise bawo bayawaxosha emndenini. Akufanele bashiye umndeni wabo kuphela, kodwa yonke indawo yokuzingela. Izinsikazi ezingamabhubesi zihlala nezihlobo zazo futhi zivikelekile ngocansi olunamandla njengenani elikhulu kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isikhathi se-estrus sama-tigresses womndeni ofanayo siqala ngasikhathi sinye. Lesi akusona isici somzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi nesidingo esibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ziyakhulelwa futhi zithwale izingane izinsuku eziyi-100-110. Kuwundlu elilodwa, kuvela izingane ezi-3-5 ezifika ku-30 cm ubude ngasikhathi sinye, omama bazihlomisa ngemibhede emifantwini phakathi kwamatshe noma amatshe - lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe kuzo zombili izitha nelanga elishisayo.
Izinyanga ezimbalwa, omama abancane abanezingane bahlala ngokuhlukile kwabanye. Ziyabumbana futhi ngokubambisana zinakekela amazinyane azo kanye nezinye. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inqwaba yamabhubesikazi ashiya isidleke, izinsikazi ezimbalwa kuphela ezihilelekile ekunakekeleni inzalo: yibo abondla futhi bagade wonke amawundlu ebhubesi ngasikhathi sinye.
Isikhathi sokuphila samabhubesi ase-Afrika emvelweni yemvelo singafika eminyakeni eyi-15-17, ekuthunjweni kungahlala kuze kufike ku-30.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamabhubesi ase-Afrika yizilwane ezinezinselo ezihlala ezindaweni ezibanzi ze-savannah: ama-llamas, amadube, ama-antelopes. Ngezikhathi zendlala, zingangena empilweni yemvubu, yize kunzima ukuyinqoba futhi inyama ayihlukile ngokuthanda okukhethekile; ungadeleli amagundane nezinyoka.
Izinsikazi ezingamabhubesi kuphela ezibambe iqhaza ekutholeni ukudla ngokuziqhenya, abesilisa ababambiqhaza ekuzingeleni futhi bakhetha ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sabo sokuphumula eholidini, okungcono ngaphansi kwemiqhele yezihlahla. Amabhubesi ayedwa kuphela angazitholela ukudla kwawo ngokuzimela, bese kuthi lapho indlala ithambeka ngokwanele. Amakhosikazi aletha ukudla koyise bemindeni. Kuze kudle owesilisa, amawundlu namakhosikazi awuthinti umdlalo futhi aneliseka kuphela ngezinsalela zomkhosi.
Ibhubesi ngalinye lase-Afrika elidala lidinga ukudla inyama engafika ku-7 kg ngosuku, ngakho-ke abesifazane bahlala bezingela ndawonye. Bazingela izisulu, baphishekele, baxoshe umhlambi bese bezungeza. Bangakwazi ukusheshisa ngesikhathi sokulandela kuze kufike ku-80 km / h, yize begijima amabanga amafushane kuphela. Amabanga amade ayingozi ezingonyameni, ngoba izinhliziyo zawo zincane kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukuthwala ukucindezela ngokweqile.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- EGibhithe lasendulo, ibhubesi lalibhekwa njengonkulunkulu futhi ligcinwa emathempelini nasezigodlweni njengabaqaphi;
- Kukhona amabhubesi amhlophe, kepha lokhu akuyona i-subspecies ehlukile, kepha ukumane kuguqulwe kofuzo, abantu abanjalo abaphili endle futhi bavame ukugcinwa eziqiwini;
- Ukutholakala kwamabhubesi amnyama akuqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.
