Umhlabathi ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo, kanye nokuvuna, okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu, kuya ngekhwalithi nesimo senhlabathi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zenhlabathi, phakathi kwazo ezinama-sod-calcareous avelele. Ungahlangana nalolu hlobo lomhlabathi emahlathini ansundu. Inhlabathi yalolu hlobo yakhiwa kancane futhi kaningi ingatholakala ezindaweni eziqukethe i-calcium carbonate, okungukuthi, eduze nezindawo lapho kutholakala khona amadwala ahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, i-limestone, imabula, ama-dolomite, ama-marls, ubumba, njll.).
Izici, izimpawu nokwakheka kwenhlabathi
Njengomthetho, inhlabathi ene-soddy-calcareous ingatholakala emthambekeni, endaweni eyisicaba, endaweni eyisicaba futhi ephakeme. Umhlabathi ungaba ngaphansi kwezinhlobo zehlumela, idlelo kanye nezihlahla.
Isici esihlukile senhlabathi ene-soddy-calcareous kungukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus (kufika ku-10% noma ngaphezulu). Inhlabathi ingaqukatha nezinto ezinjenge-humic acid. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho uhlola lolu hlobo lomhlabathi, ama-horizons aphezulu anika impendulo engathathi hlangothi, ephansi - i-alkaline; akuvamile ukuba ne-asidi encane. Izinga lokungagcwaliseki lithonywa ukujula kokuvela kwama-carbonates. Ngakho-ke, emazingeni aphezulu, inkomba isukela ku-5 kuye ku-10%, emazingeni aphansi - aze afike ku-40%.
Umhlabathi weSoddy-calcareous uhlukile. Ngaphandle kokuthi zakheka ngaphansi kwezimila zehlathi, izinqubo eziningi eziyizici zalolu hlobo lomhlabathi zibuthakathaka noma azikho nhlobo. Isibonelo, enhlabathini e-soddy-calcareous, azikho izimpawu zokuvuza noma i-podzolization. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinsalela zezitshalo, ezingena emhlabathini, zibola endaweni enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokwanda kwenani le-humic acid nokwakhiwa kwamakhompiyutha angasebenzi angasebenzi, ngenxa yalokho okwakhiwa i-humus-accumulative horizon.
Iphrofayili yomhlaba
Umhlabathi weSoddy-calcareous uqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- A0 - ukushuba kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 cm; imfucumfucu yezitshalo ebolile ebuthakathakeni
- A1 - ukushuba kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-30 cm; umkhawulo we-humus-oqoqekile wombala onsundu onsundu noma ompunga, onezimpande zezitshalo;
- B - ukushuba kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-50 cm; ungqimba olumpunga onsundu ngokumpunga;
- IScca yidwala eliminyene, elixegayo.
Kancane kancane, lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi luguquka futhi luphenduke uhlobo lomhlabathi olungamukelekile.
Izinhlobo zenhlabathi e-soddy-calcareous
Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi lulungele izivini nezithelo. Kutholakale ukuthi yinhlabathi eyi-soddy-carbonate enenzalo ephezulu. Kepha ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo, kufanele ungene ngenqubo bese ukhetha inhlabathi efanelekile kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zenhlabathi:
- ejwayelekile - isakazeke ezindaweni ezinsundu zomhlaba-ehlathini. Imvamisa itholakala emahlathini abanzi, e-oki, emahlathini e-beech-oak eduze kwe-evium ebuthaka yamatshe abuthaka. Ukushuba okuphelele kwephrofayili kumayelana no-20-40 cm futhi kuqukethe izingcezu zamatshe nezamadwala agayiwe. Inhlabathi iqukethe i-humus ye-oda le-10-25%;
- leached - isakazeka ngezingcezu ezindaweni ezi-brown-earth-brown. Kwenzeka emahlathini ahlabayo, ebugqineni obukhathele futhi obunamandla be-eluvium. Okuqukethwe kwe-humus cishe kungu-10-18%. Ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-70 cm.
Inhlabathi ene-Sod-calcareous ilungele ukutshala izitshalo, ukutshala okuphezulu kakhulu nezinhlobo ezinamakhasi abanzi.
