I-Kuban ngumfula ogeleza endaweni yaseRussia esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus, ubude bayo ngamakhilomitha angama-870. Endaweni lapho umfula ugelezela khona oLwandle lwe-Azov, i-Kuban delta yakhiwa ngezinga eliphakeme lomswakama kanye ne-swampiness. Umbuso wendawo yamanzi uhlukile ngenxa yokuthi iKuban igeleza zombili ezintabeni nasethafeni. Isimo somfula asithonywa kuphela yimvelo, kepha futhi nezici ze-anthropogenic:
- ukuthumela;
- amadreyini ezindlu nezinsizakalo zomphakathi;
- imfucuza yezimboni;
- imboni yezolimo.
Izinkinga zokubusa koMfula
Enye yezinkinga zemvelo zeKuban yinkinga yombuso wamanzi. Ngenxa yezici ze-hydrological nezimo zezulu, indawo yamanzi ishintsha ukuphelela kwayo. Ngesikhathi semvula nomswakama omningi, umfula ugcwala ngokweqile, okuholela ekukhukhulekeni nasezikhukhuleni zezindawo zokuhlala. Ngenxa yobuningi bamanzi ngokweqile, ukwakheka kwemifino komhlaba wezolimo kuyashintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi igcwele amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibuso ehlukene yemisinga yamanzi iba nomthelela omubi ezindaweni lapho izinhlanzi zizalela khona.
Inkinga yokungcola koMfula
Izinqubo zokubuyisa zinikela ekutheni izinto ezibulala ukhula kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo, zigezwa enkambeni yeKuban. Izakhi zamakhemikhali nezinhlanganisela zezikhungo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni zingena emanzini:
- I-Surfactant;
- insimbi;
- ama-phenols;
- ithusi;
- zinc;
- i-nitrogen;
- izinsimbi ezisindayo;
- imikhiqizo kaphethiloli.
Isimo samanzi namuhla
Ochwepheshe bachaza isimo samanzi njengesingcolisiwe nesingcoliswe kakhulu, futhi lezi zinkomba ziyahluka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuqondene nombuso womoya-mpilo, wenelisa impela.
Abasebenzi bakwaVodokanal bahlole imithombo yamanzi yaseKuban, kwavela ukuthi bahlangabezana namazinga amanzi okuphuza kuphela ezindaweni ezingama-20. Kwamanye amadolobha, amasampula wamanzi awahlangabezani namazinga ekhwalithi. Lokhu kuyinkinga, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asezingeni eliphansi kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwempilo yabantu.
Ukungcola komfula ngemikhiqizo kawoyela akubalulekanga kangako. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imininingwane iyaqinisekiswa ukuthi kunamabala kawoyela echibini. Izinto ezingena emanzini zandisa isimo semvelo seKuban.
Umphumela
Ngakho-ke, isimo semvelo somfula sincike kakhulu emisebenzini yabantu. Kuyimboni nezolimo okuyimithombo yezinkinga zemvelo endaweni yamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola nezinto eziyingozi emanzini, bese ukuzicwenga komfula kuzothuthuka. Okwamanje, isimo seKuban asibucayi, kepha zonke izinguquko ezenzeka embusweni womfula zingaholela emiphumeleni emibi - ukufa kwezimbali zemifula nezilwane.
