Ingxenye yobuso bomhlaba, okuthi, ngandlela thile, ingashintsha ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu, onquma ukuqondiswa kwabaphathi bakhe, ibizwa ngemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba. Ixhomeke ngqo kwi-biosphere, i-hydro- ne-lithosphere, ekubeni uhlelo lwayo olungaphansi, olunamandla, olunezici eziningi futhi oluguquka njalo.
Ubukhulu bemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba
Ososayensi bathole imingcele engenhla nengezansi yomkhakha womhlaba, onqunywa yizici ezahlukahlukene namathonya angaphandle emikhakha ehlukahlukene.
Umngcele ongaphezulu wemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba uqala ezingeni nesikhathi sasemini, esibonakala ngamehlo, ukukhululeka kobuso bomhlaba. Umkhathi, i-hydro- ne-lithosphere kunquma ukuqala kwawo, kube yizinhlelo eziningi, okuhlala kushintsha hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, kodwa futhi nanjengomphumela we-technogenesis - umsebenzi womnotho womuntu. Ubunjiniyela nezinye izakhiwo zishintsha kakhulu umngcele ongaphezulu wendawo ezungezile. Ngokwakhiwa kwawo, amathani omhlabathi, amatshe nazo zonke izinhlobo zamatshe zivame ukudluliselwa zisuswa kwenye indawo ziye kwenye.
Umngcele ongezansi wemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba awuzinzile, inani lawo linqunywa kuphela ngamandla omuntu okungena ekujuleni koqweqwe lomhlaba. Umhlabathi nengxenye engenhla yamadwala ababambiqhaza emisebenzini yabantu, eguquka njalo ngaphansi kwethonya lentuthuko yokwakheka komhlaba, ukuthungwa, ukuxhumana nezimayini.
Izingxenye zangaphakathi zemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba
Imvelo yokwakheka komhlaba njengomhlanganyeli ku-ecosystem ayinakubhekwa kuphela ngokubuka komhlaba, ngakho-ke ngokuqinile umuntu uthathe indawo ngomsebenzi wakhe njengamandla anqumayo ebukhona bayo. Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi yazo zonke izingxenye zemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba njengamanje ibukeka kanjena:
- ingxenye engenhla yoqweqwe lomhlaba, izimila zemvelo nobuchwepheshe obukuwo;
- ukukhululeka komhlaba kanye nezici zawo, kuxhashazwa umuntu;
- i-hydrosphere engaphansi komhlaba - amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- izindawo ezine-pathologies ezingaqondakali kwisayensi, okuthiwa "i-geopathogenic".
Ukumba izimayini ngokweqile kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezikhala ezingenhla ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izifunda zinezindawo ezinkulu zenhlabathi ezihleliwe endaweni yazo, ezishintshe kakhulu imvelo yendawo: amanzi angakulungelanga ukuphuza nokunisela izitshalo.
