I-Chanterelles ingenye yamakhowe adliwayo afiselekayo kakhulu wokukhetha. Zikhula zodwa, zihlakazeke ngamaqembu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zakha imindeni emikhulu ehlathini. Inyama yekhowe likhulu, liqinile, iphunga lifana nebhilikosi. I-Chanterelles ingenye yamakhowe akhiqiza kakhulu futhi inezinhlobo eziningi. Ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo, ngokujwayelekile, ama-chanterelles kulula ukuwabona.
Izici ezihlukile zamakhowe e-chanterelle
Zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe zinenhloko emise okwefaneli efinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi nge-wavy, onqenqemeni olungalingani. Umbala uhluka ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kokuphuzi okumnyama. Lapho ikhula ngamaqembu, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, imilenze igobile futhi kwesinye isikhathi iyahlangana phansi kwe-mycelium. Imithambo esiqwini ijiyile bese yehla ngesiqu. Isimo sawo siqonde kuwo wonke umlenze, kepha imithambo iyahlukahluka futhi inesono esiseduze nekepisi. Ama-Chanterelles akhula ngobude ukusuka ku-6 kuye ku-9 cm.
Ukushicilelwa kwe-Spore: kusuka ophuzi ophuzi kuya kokumhlophe okukhilimu, kwesinye isikhathi okunombala omncane obomvana. Amagill ahlukaniswe kabili, umbala ofanayo nawo wonke ukhunta. Ziqondile noma zi-wavy futhi zihlala zehla phansi kwesiqu.
Lapho ama-chanterelles akhula khona
Amakhowe atholakala kakhulu emhlabathini wehlathi onqabile eduze kwe-oki nangaphansi kwezinyosi. Ziyi-mycorrhizal, okusho ukuthi isikhunta sinobudlelwano bokuhlangana nezimpande zesihlahla. AmaChanterelles akhula emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi iCanada, i-United States, iYurophu, iMedithera, izingxenye zempumalanga naseningizimu ye-Australia ne-Asia.
Isikhathi sokuvuna seChanterelle
Amakhowe athela izithelo kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba futhi nangoNovemba, lapho ukwindla kuthambile. Kuvunwa kusukela ngenyanga kaMfumfu kuya kuMashi ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Ama-chanterelles adliwayo
Amakhowe anephunga elifiphele elifana nebhilikosi kanye nokunambitheka okuncane. AmaChanterelles amakhowe adliwayo akhethiwe asetshenziswa ezitsheni ze-risotto nakuma-omelette, futhi ngokuqinisekile anokunambitheka okwanele kokwenza amasobho noma amasoso amnandi.
Izinhlobo zeChanterelle
I-chanterelle ejwayelekile
Kusatshalaliswe emahlathini ase-coniferous naseYurophu ahlanganisiwe, eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ungumakhowe odliwayo ongakhonjwa kalula ngumcoshi wamakhowe ongenalwazi.
I-chanterelle ejwayelekile yobukhulu obuphakathi iphuzi, imhlophe, i-orange-ophuzi futhi ayivamile ukubomvana. Izigwili zinombala ofanayo nowamanye amakhowe.
Isigqoko
Ekuqaleni, i-convex, enqenqemeni eligoqiwe (emaphethelweni), iba ifreyimu emise onqenqemeni lwe-wavy ngokuguga. Kungaba ngokungajwayelekile ngokuma. Izinhlobo ezindala zingamawolintshi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezimvula ezimbalwa. Izinhlobo ezithola umbala omningi welanga kumbala omhlophe futhi zibe nokubukeka kwesikhumba kancane. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinomswakama ezinesithunzi kuma-chanterelle caps, amafomu ama-moss aluhlaza.
Ama-Gill
Zibukeka njengamagquma, a-wavy impela futhi ehla njalo emlenzeni.
Umlenze
Ubude besiqu ngokuvamile bulingana nobubanzi bekepisi nombala ofanayo nowawo wonke amakhowe. I-pulp imhlophe ngombala ophuzi. Ukuphrinta kwespore kumhlophe noma kuphuzi kancane.
Abashisekeli baqala ukufuna amakhowe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kwezimvula. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho isimo sezulu sinomswakama, umzimba wezithelo wamakhowe uba manzi futhi usezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuya ngesifunda nobubanzi, uJulayi-Okthoba yisikhathi lapho ukuthela kwe-chanterelle okuvamile kufinyelela khona phezulu.
I-chanterelle empunga
Isigqoko
Kancane kancane adlulise lapho esemncane. Unqenqema luye lukhule kamuva, ngesimo sensimbi ye-wavy. Ubuso bune-scaly-scaly, ikakhulukazi eduze komphetho. Umbala ubumpunga obunamabala ansundu. Ukuqina kwethoni kuncike ebudaleni nasezimeni zemvelo, ilula kakhulu esimweni sezulu esomile futhi imnyama esimweni sezulu esimanzi.
Hymenophore
Eyakhelwe ngama-gill nama-fold, ahlukaniswe futhi ahlanganiswe, abonakala kakhulu ekukhuleni okugcwele, umbala wale pseudohymenophore mpunga ngemibala, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubantu abasha, ekugcineni uthola umbala ompunga omnyama ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu.
Umlenze
Igobile, igobekile, isakazeka njengomlandeli ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-hymenophore. Umbala uyefana nomthunzi wekepisi, ulula kancane, kwesinye isikhathi ubuna kancane eduze kwesisekelo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Leli khowe alivame ukuhlangatshezwa ngabaqoqi bamakhowe. Ezindaweni zokukhula, kunama-chanterelles amaningi ampunga emahlathini ahlanzekile, lapho bethanda khona ama-chestnut groves nenhlabathi enamakhasi.
I-chinnerelle ebomvu yeCinnabar
Zaziwa ngophawu lwazo olubomvu lwe-flamingo pink nokuba khona kwama-gill angamanga ngaphansi kwekhanda. Isikhunta sincane futhi sinomusa kakhulu kunamanye ama-chanterelles futhi sikhula emahlathini ashubile.
I-chanterelle cinnabar-red mycorrhizal enezinhlobo ezinqabayo, ikakhulukazi nge-beech ne-oki, i-aspen nezinye izinhlobo ezinqabayo. Ikhula yodwa, ihlakazekile noma emphakathini ehlobo nasekwindla.
Isigqoko
I-convex noma i-convex kabanzi, i-bald, yomile esemncane, iba yindilinga noma ijule kakhulu, ikhulise namagagasi. Umbala kusuka ku-flamingo pink kuya ku-cinnabar obomvu, owolintshi opinki noma owolintshi ngokubomvu.
Indawo engezansi enezikhala ezivundululwe kahle, ezakhiwe kahle ezigudla isiqu; i-cross-veining ivame ukukhula, inemibala njenge-cap noma i-paler kancane.
Umlenze
I-Smooth ebusheni, kepha i-tapers iye ngasisekelo ekuvuthweni, impandla, eyomile, enombala njenge-cap noma i-paler. I-basal mycelium imhlophe iphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Inyama: mhlophe noma ngombala wekepisi, ayishintshi umbala lapho isikiwe. Iphunga nokunambitha: iphunga limnandi futhi linephunga; ukunambitheka akuhlukaniseki noma kubhoboza kancane.
I-Chanterelle velvety
Isikhunta se-symbiotic sikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinqabayo (i-chestnut ne-beech) futhi kaningi ngaphansi kwama-conifers. Isikhathi sokuthela sehlobo nasekwindla.
Isigqoko
Babona ikhowe ngesigqoko sesimo esincanyana futhi esingajwayelekile, esinobuso obuguquguqukayo, i-cuticle ekhanyayo ye-orange kanye nomphetho we-wavy. Ebusheni, ikepisi liyi-convex, bese limise okwefaneli, i-cuticle icwebece kahle, i-orenji noma i-orange-pink, iphenduka iphaphathekile ngokuguga.
Isiqu
Imilenze iqonde, iwugqinsi, ilula ukwedlula ikepisi.
Hymenophore
ILamellar, enamagatsha amaphakathi, imfoloko noma efakwe kabusha, ngombala wekepisi. Inyama: iqinile, imhlophe, iphuzi noma ibomvana kancane. Iphuma iphunga le-apricot elincane.
I-chanterelle ebhekene
Itholakala e-Asia, e-Afrika kanye naseNyakatho Melika ngokubodwa, ngamaqembu noma ngamaqoqo ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinamakhasi. Isikhunta sikhiqiza imizimba ethelayo ehlobo nasekwindla.
Isigqoko
Amaphethelo aphezulu we-Funnel nama-wavy. Ubuso bomile, bumbozwe kancane ngoqwembe lwemicu emihle, umbala ojulile, ogqamile ophuzi osawolintshi. Ama-specimens amadala aphuzi, imiphetho eyeqile yekepisi iba phuzi ngokukhanyayo, kuma-specimens amancane agobela phansi.
Hymenophore
Ubuso obuthwele impova ekuqaleni bushelelezi, kepha imisele noma izingqimba zikhula kancane kancane kuso. Ama-gill amancane afana nemithambo, engaphansi kuka-1 mm ububanzi. Umbala uphuzi ngokukhanyayo futhi kuyafana nobuso bomlenze.
Isiqu
Iminyene impela, iyindilinga, iya ngasesisekelweni. Ngaphakathi, imilenze igcwele i-fleecy mycelium, iqinile. Imvamisa, imizimba ethela izithelo ihlanganiswa neziqu ezansi.
Umtfumbu
Okuqinile noma okuncane okuyize (kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yezibungu zezinambuzane), umbala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo.
UChanterelle uphuzi
Ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele, okwaziswa kakhulu ngama-gourmets, okubonakala kalula ngokuma "kwepayipi", ikepisi elincanyana nelinyama, elinsundu nelinamahlombe. Isiqu sinombala osawolintshi ogqamile futhi ngaphakathi asinalutho.
Isigqoko
Ekuqaleni, ekujuleni maphakathi nendawo, kuyisigaxa, ngesimo seshubhu eyi-oblong, bese ivuleka ngokwengeziwe, iyanda, umphetho uyisono, uluvalile, kwesinye isikhathi ufakwe isigaxa. Umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu, phansi kuwolintshi noma umbala onsundu onsundu ngokugqamile.
Hymenophore
Cishe ibushelelezi futhi iyindilinga, enemithambo ephakanyiswe kancane, enesinono futhi inamagatsha. Umbala uphuzi okakhilimu, uphuzi osawolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi ube nomthunzi opinki, kepha umbala uhlala ukhanya kancane kunowekhokho.
Isiqu
I-Tubular, igobongo, ebushelelezi, eqondile noma egobile, eguquguqukayo kakhulu ngesimo, okusikhumbuza ifaneli enama-longitudinal grooves. Umbala u-orange noma isikhuphasha seqanda, kwesinye isikhathi unomthunzi opinki. Amakhowe anephunga elinamandla lama-plums amasha nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-mushroom-symbiont, ikhula kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, ngamaqembu ezinkulungwane zamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zama-conifers (eduze kwephayini) kanye namahlathi ashubile.
I-chanterelle yeshubhu
Yakha i-mycorrhiza ngama-conifers ku-moss noma kwizinti ezibolile kahle, ezigcwele ubulembu emaxhaphozini.
Isigqoko
Ekuqaleni, icishe ibe ncanyana, ngokushesha iba njenge-vase, esigabeni sokugcina, izimbobo zakha phakathi nendawo. Amaphethelo a-wavy ebudaleni. Smooth, okunamathelayo noma waxy lapho fresh. Umbala usukela kokumnyama okunsundu ophuzi kuya konsundu onsundu, iba mpunga nsundu noma mpunga ngeminyaka. Amaphethini we-Radial kwesinye isikhathi akhombisa kancane.
Hymenophore
Yehlela esiqwini. Kumakhowe amancane anamagquma nezibaya. Iziqubu zamanga ziyakhula ngobudala, okuvame ukuphuma futhi kuvuleke imithambo. Umbala uphuzi ngokuphuzi noma onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ulilac.
Umlenze
Iba okungenalutho ngeminyaka, ibe nempandla, ngengubo emhlophe. Faka umbala kusuka ku-olintshi uye ku-orange-ophuzi usemncane, uphuzi ngokufiphele, nsundu ngokusawolintshi ngeminyaka. I-basal mycelium imhlophe ngokuphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Ukunambitheka akuhlukile; iphunga alicaci noma linephunga elincane.
I-chanterelles yamanga ihluke kanjani kokudliwayo?
Izinhlobo ezimbili zamakhowe zididekile nama-chanterelles:
Isikhulumi esiwolintshi (ayidliwe)
Izithelo zezithelo zamakhowe ziphuzi ngokusawolintshi ngesikhafu esimise okwefaneli esifinyelela ku-8 cm ububanzi, esinobuso obuzwakala. Izimbilili ezincanyana, ezivame ukuhlukaniswa kabili ngaphansi kwekhaphethi zihamba ngesiqu esibushelelezi. Imibiko yokuqina kwekhowe ayethembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amakhowe ayadliwa, yize engeyona iphunga elimnandi. Abanye ababhali babika ukuthi kuyacasula umgudu wamathumbu.
Umnqumo we-Omphalot (onobuthi)
Ikhowe le-orange gill elinobuthi lelo, emehlweni angaqeqeshiwe, libukeka njengezinye izinhlobo zama-chanterelles. Isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezingamahlathi eYurophu, lapho ikhula khona ngeziqu ezibolayo, izimpande zezihlahla ezinqabayo.
Ngokungafani nama-chanterelles, ama-omphalot emithi yeminqumo aneziphethu zangempela, ezibukhali, ezingezona ezehlukene. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yomlenze iwolintshi, kuma-chanterelles ilula ngaphakathi.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani ama-chanterelles amanga kulawo angempela - ividiyo
Izinzuzo zama-chanterelles ezempilo yomuntu
Njenganoma imaphi amanye amakhowe asehlathini, ama-chanterelles awukudla okumnandi nokunempilo okuqukethe:
- inani elikhulu levithamini D2, lisiza umzimba womuntu ukuthi umunce i-calcium;
- inani elikhulu lamaprotheni;
- uvithamini A;
- i-potassium;
- insimbi;
- i-chromium;
- ama-amino acid ayisishiyagalombili abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
Lolu hlobo lwefungus alubekezeleli kakhulu amazinga e-nitrogen aphakeme futhi akwenzeki ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa komoya. Luhlobo lwe-mycorrhizal ngakho-ke luhlala luhlotshaniswa nezihlahla ezingayithinti kabi impilo yomuntu, kufaka phakathi i-oki, i-beech, iphayini kanye ne-birch.
Izidumbu zezithelo zihlala isikhathi eside ngokwengxenye, ngokwengxenye ngoba ziyamelana nezimuncagazi ezifungalwayo futhi azivamile ukudliwa yizibungu. Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi isivuno esivuniwe asithinteki yi-arthropods. Lesi sici sinikela ekuthandeni ama-chanterelles njengezilwane ezidliwayo!
I-Chanterelle ilimaza umzimba
Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zama-chanterelles azilimazi kubantu lapho ziphekwe kahle futhi zidliwe kahle, njenganoma yimuphi omunye amakhowe. Abesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane kanye nabantu abadala badla ngokuqapha.
Abapheki balungiselela kanjani ama-chanterelles
Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokupheka izitsha ze-chanterelle emhlabeni. Abanye abantu bayisebenzisela amasobho, abanye benza izingqwebe ze-pasta kubo, kanti abanye basebenzisa usawoti. Ama-gourmets ayisebenzisa ngamaswidi namajamu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, noma ngabe kuphekwe kanjani, ama-chanterelles amnandi!
I-Chanterelle iyi-mushroom enhle kakhulu uma ithosiwe. Ngemuva kokumiswa, kuyisiphuzo esihle kakhulu sezitsha lapho sisetshenziswa ngamanani amancane. Uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo emikhulu, iba ukunambitheka okuhle kwemvelo.
Ukunambitheka kwenza i-chanterelle ilungele inkukhu, inyama yenkonyana, ingulube, inhlanzi, imifino, irayisi, ipasta, amazambane, amaqanda, amantongomane nezithelo. Akunconyelwa ukuxuba ama-chanterelles nokudla okunephunga kakhulu.
Uviniga, uwoyela noma utshwala obunephunga elimnandi balungiswa kusuka ku-grated powder we-chanterelles.
AmaChanterelles emnothweni wezwe
AmaChanterelles asetshenzisiwe ukudaya uboya, izindwangu kanye nephepha; kuzonikeza umbala ophuzi othulisiwe ezintweni ezicutshunguliwe.
