Amakhowe weVolushka awahlonishwa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu. Okuhlukile yiFinland, iRussia ne-Ukraine, lapho amakhowe aziwa khona futhi enamagama amaningi endawo, kepha onke akhombisa impahla eyinhloko enika ikhowe igama lalo - imibuthano egxilile esinqeni.
Abavuna amakhowe batholakala ngobuningi babo ezinyangeni nasezihlathini ezixubekile kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Amagagasi wangempela:
- okumhlophe;
- obomvana.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zamagagasi:
- umbala obomvana;
- umbhululi;
- okumhlophe;
- kuphelile;
- nsundu;
- i-violin.
Ngaphezu kohlelo lombala, amagagasi ahlukaniswa ububanzi besambulela sesigqoko. Amakhowe akhethekile ngoba umzimba othelayo ukhipha ubisi oluvuthayo, olunamafutha, okwenza kube nzima ukulungiselela amaza.
Kungani amagagasi awusizo
Banokuningi:
- ingwejeje;
- amaminerali;
- ama-carbohydrate;
- ama-amino acid;
- ama-antioxidants;
- amavithamini;
- amaphilisi amavithamini;
- lecithin.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi kunenzuzo enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi, imetabolism. Izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo:
- ukuzinzisa amazinga e-glucose;
- hlanza imithambo yegazi;
- khulula ukukhathala;
- qinisa izinzwa;
- ukujwayela umfutho wegazi;
- thuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinwele nesikhumba;
- ube nezakhiwo zokulwa nokucindezeleka;
- ukusekela amasosha omzimba;
- khuthaza ubuchopho,
- thuthukisa umbono.
Amagagasi anamakhalori aphansi akhulula isisindo esiningi ngaphandle kwemihelo yendlala, enza ukuthi umzimba ube nempilo esebenzayo.
Amagagasi ayingozi kubani. Ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhowe
Abantu abane-cholecystitis futhi basuse i-gallbladder, i-pancreatitis, i-asidi ephansi yomkhawulo wejusi esiswini noma basuse ngokuphelele ukhunta ekudleni. Ngemuva kokupheka, imizimba ethela izithelo ilahlekelwa ukufutheka. Kodwa ijusi lobisi le-volushka alishintshi ukwakheka, licasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu azinawo ama-enzyme emzimbeni angazivumela ukuthi zigaye amakhowe, hhayi amagagasi kuphela. Ngokuvamile, iyi-mushroom ephephile nenempilo uma ulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yenhlanzeko yokudla.
Aqhutshwa kanjani amagagasi ngaphambi kokupheka
Endaweni yomonakalo, amakhowe akhipha ubisi oluyimbumba. Konakalisa ukunambitheka kwesidlo, kubangele ukucasuka kwamathumbu noma ubuthi. Akukho ukwelashwa kokushisa okuthambisa ijusi lobisi olunobuthi. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthi uqaphele lapho uvuna amakhowe, engeza kuphela amagagasi adliwayo noma anemibandela epanini.
Ungathathi phakathi ukunambitheka okumunyu ngokumunca noma ukubilisa.
Ukucwilisa
IVolnushki iyaqoqwa, amakepisi ahlanze imfucumfucu yokunamathela, futhi agcwaliswe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Shiya. Ngokwenza lokhu, amanzi ayashintshwa njalo emahoreni ama-5, amanzi amadala ayakhanywa. Bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi agobhozayo. Bacwiliswa emanzini abandayo futhi. Ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi engeza amagremu ayi-10 kasawoti noma ama-2 amagremu we-citric acid. Isitshalo sifakwe izinsuku ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Esigabeni sokugcina, amakhowe ahlanzwa ngebhulashi, agezwe futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo.
Yiziphi izitsha ezenziwe ngamagagasi
IVolnushka imnandi, kepha akulula ukuyilungisa. Ukususa umunyu, cwilisa isikhathi eside emanzini anosawoti, bese:
- uthele i-marinade;
- kubilisiwe;
- nqabela.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, igagasi ligcina ukuthungwa komzimba wezithelo nezakhiwo. Amakhowe atholakala ngo-anyanisi nokhilimu omuncu. Amasoso enziwe nge-volvushki agcwalisa inyama nezitsha zemifino ngephunga lamakhowe.
Amagagasi adliwayo
Izinwele ezipinki
Amakhowe asabalele ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Asia, eYurophu naseMelika. I-mycorrhiza epinki enezihlahla ezahlukahlukene emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, imvamisa ene-birch, ikhula emhlabathini ngokwahlukana noma ngamaqembu. Inenani ngokunambitheka kwayo okubabayo futhi idliwa ngemuva kokulungiswa okufanele eRussia naseFinland; iyacasula uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lapho idliwa iluhlaza. Ubuthi obubangela ukunambitheka okubabayo bonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokupheka.
Ikepisi
I-convex enesifo sokucindezeleka esimaphakathi, kuze kufike kububanzi obungu-10 cm. Umbala wayo uyinhlanganisela yama-pink ne-ocher shades, kwesinye isikhathi anezindawo eziyindilinga ezimnyama kakhulu. Unqenqema lusongwe ngaphakathi futhi lunoboya kuma-specimens amancane.
Ama-Gill
Iwumngcingo, iminyene, isondelene kakhulu.
Umlenze
Umbala we-cylindrical-meat-coloured nge-downy surface, ongafika ku-8 cm ubude no-0.6-2 cm ubukhulu.Nxa usikwa noma ulimele, izidumbu zezithelo zikhipha ujusi omhlophe, ongashintshi umbala uma uvezwa emoyeni.
Thresher
Yakha isibopho se-mycorrhizal nama-birches ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ikhetha inhlabathi ene-asidi ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinotshani emaphethelweni ehlathi noma ogwadule, kunokuba ijule ehlathini eliminyene. Kwenzeka ngamaculo amancane nasemaqenjini amancane ahlakazekile emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika nasezingxenyeni zase-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
5 kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi, i-convex, bese iqonde, kuvela ukudangala okuncane okuphakathi, amakepisi amnyama aphuzi nophinki ashubile, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni awo ayindilinga, futhi anemijikelezo emnyama emnyama, ebonakala maphakathi nendawo; lokhu kuklanywa kuyanyamalala emizimbeni evuthiwe yezithelo. Ngaphansi kwe-cuticle shaggy, isikhumba esimhlophe esiminyene, esibuthakathaka.
Ama-Gill
Amafinyila abomvana amafushane, aphansi, anezikhala ezinkulu aveza ubisi olunombala omhlophe noma opholile uma ulimele, awushintshi umbala lapho womile.
Umlenze
Ububanzi obusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 cm nokuphakama kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 cm, okuyi-cylindrical, okuma kancane kune-cap. Imilenze yamakhowe amancane ayashicilelwa futhi aqinile; njengoba umzimba wezithelo ukhula, ziba bushelelezi futhi zibe yize. Ayikho indandatho yesiqu.
Igagasi elimhlophe
Leli khowe elingavamile likhula ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-birch. Umbala wayo ompofu nebhonethi yayo enoboya kuyizici ezihlukanisayo eziwusizo. I-whitethroat itholakala (ikakhulukazi ezimfundeni ezimanzi) ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi i-Europe nasezingxenyeni eziningi zeNyakatho Melika. Isikhunta asivamile, kepha lapho senza khona, isikhi samakhowe siqoqa izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu.
Isigqoko
Ububanzi obungu-5 kuya ku-15 cm, obumbekile bese buncindezeleke kancanyana, amakepisi amnyama aphuzi naphaphathekile abomvana anemivimbo efiphele epinki kanye nendawo ensundu ngokubomvana ebheke enkabeni. Ngaphansi kwe-cuticle shaggy kunesikhumba esimhlophe esiminyene futhi esintekenteke.
Ama-Gill
Okumhlophe, okufushane, ukwehla eceleni kwe-peduncle, i-pink salmon kancane, kukhipha ujusi omhlophe lapho konakele.
Umlenze
Ububanzi obungu-10 ukuya kuma-23 mm nokuphakama okungu-3 kuye ku-6 cm, kuvame ukuthinta kancane ngasisekelo.
Impisi ephelile (umgxobhozo, ubisi olungenangqondo)
Isikhunta esinsundu esinsundu sikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-birch engxenyeni enkulu yezwekazi laseYurophu emahlathini omswakama oswakeme, empumalanga ye-Asia nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
Ububanzi obungu-4 kuya ku-8 cm, ubumbeke bese ucindezelekile phakathi nendawo, okumpunga onsomi ngokumpunga noma okumpunga okukhanyayo, okuncane lapho kumanzi. Ngaphansi kwe-cuticle ye-cap, inyama imhlophe noma iphaphathekile, kunalokho intekenteke.
Ama-Gill
Ihlanganisiwe noma isinqamulelayo, imhlophe noma iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, nsundu uma ilimele, ikhipha ubisi olumhlophe, okuthi uma lomile, lube mpunga obhemayo.
Umlenze
5 kuya ku-10 mm ububanzi no-5 kuye ku-7 cm ukuphakama, bushelelezi futhi buyi-cylindrical, kunalokho kubhidlika futhi kulula ukuphuka.
Ubisi olunsundu
Izithelo zezithelo zikhula emhlabathini emahlathini ahlabayo eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia eKashmir Valley, eNdiya, eChina naseJapan.
Ama-Gill
Umbala we-ocher okhilimu, umbala okhanyayo esiqwini.
Isigqoko
I-convex noma iflethi, kwesinye isikhathi inokucindezeleka okuphakathi nendawo, ububanzi obungu-4.5-12.5 cm Ubuso bomile, bushelelezi futhi buthambile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela amafolda amancane enkabeni, nemifantu engajwayelekile emaphethelweni wezinhlobo ezivuthiwe. Faka umbala kusuka konsundu ngokukhanyayo uze ube nsundu ngokumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ube namabala amnyama kanye nonqenqema olukhanyayo.
Umlenze
I-cylindrical, i-4-8.5 cm ubude no-1-2 cm ubukhulu, ithinta ngasisekelo. Ukuthungwa kufana nebhonethi, kodwa kunombala opholile futhi kumhlophe phezulu. I-pulp inkulu futhi iqinile, imhlophe, amabala avela ezindaweni zomonakalo. Ubisi olungavamile lumhlophe, lubomvana uma lomile.
I-Violinist
Leli khowe elikhulu litholakala lodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane ahlakazekile emahlathini ahlukahlukene futhi axubekile. Inyama emhlophe ejiyile ilukhuni futhi iyakhipha, ijusi elinobisi lithambile kakhulu.
Njengoba isabalele futhi ijwayelekile emahlathini ahlabayo futhi axubekile kulo lonke elaseBrithani nase-Ireland, lapho ivame ukuthela khona izithelo eziningi kakhulu, le ndawo enkulu yobisi itholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kusukela eScandinavia kuya eMedithera. Angikaze ngikubone okusanda kushiwo ngalezi zinhlobo ezitholakala eNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
Ngesikhathi ikepisi selivuliwe ngokuphelele, lisuke seliguqukile futhi laqhekeka. Ububanzi obusuka ku-10 kuye ku-25 cm (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm). Ekuqaleni i-convex, kepha kungekudala icindezeleke kakhulu. Kuqale kube nezimagqabhagqabha ezimhlophe, bese kuba phuzi, bese ekugcineni kube nsundu, zimbozwe ngemicu emihle yoboya.
Ama-Gill
Iqonde, ekuqaleni imhlophe, kepha ngokushesha iba nsundu, ivame ukubonakala. Uma imishayo ilimele, ikhipha ubisi olumhlophe oluningi, olunambitheka kancane.
Umlenze
Inemibala efanayo nekepisi, eyindilinga noma ithinta kancane ibheke esisekelweni, ububanzi obungu-2 kuye ku-4 cm nobude obungu-4 kuye ku-7 cm.
Amagagasi amanga angadliwa
Ukuphindaphindeka okuyingozi kwabantu kufana nezinhlobo ezidliwayo ngaphandle, kepha ngokungafani namagagasi adliwayo anemibandela, noma ngabe esephekiwe anobuthi, kanti odlayo uya ekunakekelweni okunamandla, hhayi kudokotela wesisu.
Ubisi olunameva
Ikhula enomswakama omningi, kepha hhayi njalo amaxhaphozi e-mycorrhiza ane-birch.
Isigqoko
Kufika kububanzi obungu-60 mm, obomvana obukhilimu. Ukuma kungumcengezi oyisicaba, kwesinye isikhathi kunokugqashuka okubonakalayo okuphakathi. Unqenqema lugobile ngokuqinile. Ubuso (ikakhulukazi emizimbeni emincane ethela izithelo) bubukeka ngokusobala. Umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu. Imithunzi emnyama, isiyingi esimnyama kakhulu maphakathi, ikhanya iye emaphethelweni.
Umlenze ongu-20-60 x 8-12 mm, ongajwayelekile we-cylindrical, lukathayela, u-bald, i-matte, umbala ofana nekepisi. Inyama i-crispy futhi inephunga elimnandi lezithelo. Ubisi olumhlophe lunambitha futhi lube muncu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
UMiller unamathele
Ukhunta onombala ontofontofo onombala omncane, omncane otholakala ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-beech engxenyeni enkulu yezwekazi i-Europe.
Isigqoko
Okumpunga okuluhlaza okotshani noma okumpunga komnqumo, kwesinye isikhathi okunombala opinki, onamanzi amnyama, izindandatho ezicindezelekile namabala, i-convex, ukukhula okuncane okuphakathi kuyaqala, kube ngu-4 kuye ku-9 cm ububanzi. I-Mucous ngesikhathi sezulu esimanzi.
Ama-Gill
Ziningi, zimhlophe, zijika kancane ukhilimu, mpunga-phuzi lapho usikwa. Uma sekonakele, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lobisi olumhlophe, uma selomile luba mpunga.
Umlenze
Okumpunga okumpofu, okuyi-cylindrical noma okuncanyana okuya ngasisekelo, ubude obusuka ku-3 kuye ku-7 cm, ububanzi obusuka ku-0.9 kuye ku-2 cm. Ukunambitheka kwamakhowe akuhlukaniswa nopelepele obomvu.
I-hepatic lactic acid (ebabayo)
Itholakala ngamanani amakhulu ngaphansi kwama-spruces, amaphayini, ama-birches ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi one-asidi ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi i-Europe, eNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
4 kuya ku-10 cm ububanzi, onsundu ngokubomvu onsundu futhi womile, matte, unamathele kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Ekuqaleni, i-convex, kuthatha ukwakheka kofanele njengoba umzimba wezithelo uvuthwa. Imvamisa, lapho ikepisi linwebela kufele, kuvela isambulela esincane esimaphakathi.
Ama-Gill
Ukhilimu obomvu ngokubomvu, ongakhonjisiwe kahle, ovame ukutholakala, uba namabala njengoba bekhula. Lapho sekonakele, kukhishwa ubisi olumhlophe olunamanzi, luthanda ukunambitheka ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi luba munyu kakhulu futhi lube nephunga.
Umlenze
Ububanzi obusuka ku-5 kuye ku-20 mm nokuphakama kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-9 cm, bushelelezi futhi nombala ofanayo nekepisi, noma kancane. Ayikho indandatho yenduku.
Ubuthi ngamagagasi. Izimpawu nezimpawu
Imvamisa abantu:
- yephula imithetho yokucubungula amakhowe asanda kukhethwa;
- izithako azifakwanga kahle;
- ungalandeli izindlela zokupheka;
- bayakhohlwa ukuthi banezinkinga esiswini nakwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, abadlayo bathola ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, ubuthi obuncane noma obulinganiselayo.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zobuthi bamakhowe obumnene ziyavela ngemuva kwamahora ayi-1-6. Umuntu uyagula, unesiyezi, uqaqanjelwa yisisu. Isimo sithatha izinsuku ezingama-1-2, bese kuxolelwa kancane kancane.
Ukwehlisa lesi simo, banikeza izangoma, banikeze i-enema, benze ukuhlanza. Lolu usizo lokuqala. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nomnyango wezifo ezithathelwanayo, lapho bezothatha khona izivivinyo futhi banikeze ukwelashwa.
