Ngokuya nokujula nendawo, indawo yesithathu ingeyolwandlekazi i-Indian Ocean, futhi ithatha cishe u-20% wobuso bamanzi beplanethi yethu. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ulwandle lwaqala ukwakheka ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seJurassic ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwezwekazi elikhulu. I-Afrika, i-Arabia ne-Hindustan kwakhiwa, futhi kwavela ukucindezeleka, okwakhula ngosayizi ngesikhathi seCretaceous. Kamuva, kwavela i-Australia, futhi ngenxa yokuhamba kwepuleti lase-Arabia, kwakhiwa uLwandle Olubomvu. Ngesikhathi seCenozoic, imingcele yolwandle yakhiwa ngokuqhathaniswa. Izindawo eziziqhekekile ziyaqhubeka nokuhamba kuze kube yilolu suku, njengoba kunjalo ne-Australian Plate.
Umphumela wokuhamba kwamapuleti e-tectonic ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka kaningi ogwini lwe-Indian Ocean, kudale i-tsunami. Okukhulu kakhulu kwaba ukuzamazama komhlaba ngoDisemba 26, 2004 okunobukhulu oburekhodiwe bamaphuzu ayi-9.3. Le nhlekelele ibulale cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-300.
Umlando wokuhlola kwe-Indian Ocean
Ukutadisha i-Indian Ocean kwaqala ebunzimeni besikhathi. Imizila ebalulekile yokuhweba yadlula kuyo, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesayensi nokudoba olwandle. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ulwandle alukaze lucwaningwe ngokwanele, kuze kube muva nje, alutholanga imininingwane engako. Amatilosi aseNdiya yasendulo naseGibhithe aqala ukuyazi kahle, kwathi ngeNkathi Ephakathi yaphathwa kahle ngama-Arabhu, enza amarekhodi olwandle nolwandle lwalo.
Imininingwane ebhaliwe mayelana nendawo yamanzi ishiywe yilabo bacwaningi namatilosi:
- U-Ibn Battut;
- B. Dias;
- UVasco da Gamma;
- A. Tasman.
Ngenxa yabo, amamephu okuqala avela nezinhlaka zolwandle kanye neziqhingi. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, i-Indian Ocean yafundwa ngemikhankaso yabo nguJ. Cook no-O. Kotseba. Baqopha izinkomba zokuma kwezwe, iziqhingi eziqoshiwe kanye neziqhingi, futhi baqapha izinguquko ekujuleni, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi nosawoti.
Izifundo ze-Oceanographic ezihlanganisiwe zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya zenziwa ngasekupheleni kwengxenye yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye neyokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Imephu yaphansi nolwandle kanye nezinguquko ekusizeni sekuvele sekuvele, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, umbuso wendawo yamanzi usufundisiwe.
Ucwaningo lwesimanje lolwandle luyinkimbinkimbi, luvumela ukuhlola okujulile kwendawo yamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwatholakala ukuthi wonke amaphutha kanye nemifula eseWorld Ocean ayindlela eyodwa yomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthuthukiswa koLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yezakhamuzi hhayi kuphela ezendawo, kodwa futhi nokubaluleka komhlaba wonke, ngoba indawo yamanzi iyisistimu yezemvelo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu.
