Izimpawu ezivaliwe Ingabe izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezivela kuhlobo lwezimpawu ezivamile. Ngibabiza futhi ngokuthi yizimpawu ezinama-ringed noma ama-akibs. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yamaphethini athakazelisayo ngemuva, amise okwezindandatho. Ngenxa yamafutha awo aminyene, lezi zimvu zamanzi ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, okubavumela ukuthi bahlale ezifundeni zase-Arctic nezingaphansi komhlaba. ESvalbard, izimpawu zasolinge zizalela eqhweni elingaphezulu kuwo wonke ama-fjords.
Ngaphezu kwabakhileyo bezilwandle ezisenyakatho, izinhlobo ezincane zamanzi ahlanzekile nazo ziyabonakala, ezitholakala emachibini aseLadoga naseSaimaa.
Incazelo
Ama-Akiba mancane, anombala osiliva ngokumpunga kuya kwizimpawu ezinsundu. Izisu zazo zivame ukuba mpunga, futhi imihlane yazo imnyama futhi inephethini ebonakalayo yamasongo amancane, ngenxa yalokho enegama lawo.
Umzimba uminyene, mfushane, umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Ikhanda lincane, intamo ayiyinde. Zinezinzipho ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 cm ubukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi zisika izimbobo eqhweni. Njengoba wazi, izimbobo ezinjalo zingafinyelela ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha amabili.
Izilwane ezindala zifinyelela ubude zisuka ku-1.1 kuye ku-1.6 m futhi zinesisindo esingu-50-100 kilograms. Njengazo zonke izimpawu zasenyakatho, isisindo somzimba wabo siyehluka ngokuphawulekayo ngenkathi. Izimpawu ezivaliwe zinamafutha kakhulu ekwindla futhi zincane kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa ne-molt yonyaka. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, kanti entwasahlobo, abesilisa babonakala bumnyama kakhulu kunabesifazane ngenxa yokuvalwa okunamafutha kwezindlala embhedeni womlomo. Kunzima ukuwahlukanisa ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka. Lapho izalwa, amawundlu angaba ngamasentimitha angama-60 ubude futhi anesisindo esingaba ngu-4.5 kg. Zimbozwe ngoboya obumpunga obukhanyayo, okukhanyayo esiswini bese kuba mnyama ngemuva. Amaphethini woboya akhula ngeminyaka.
Ngenxa yamehlo abo athuthukile, iphunga nokuzwa, izimvu zamanzi zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu.
Indawo nemikhuba
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo eyinhloko yalezi zilwane ezinhle yi-Arctic ne-Subarctic. Kuwo wonke amabanga abo, basebenzisa iqhwa lolwandle kuphela ukuzalanisa, ukuncelisa nokuphumula izindawo. Bakhasa emhlabathini ngokungavamile nangokungabaza.
Baphila impilo eyodwa. Zivame ukubuthana ngamaqembu, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuvuna, ngenkathi efudumele. Ngemuva kwalokho endaweni engasogwini ungathola ama-rookeries of seal ringed, afinyelela kubantu abangama-50.
Ukukwazi kwabo ukudala nokugcina izimbobo zokuphefumula eqhweni kuzivumela ukuba zihlale ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ezinye izilwane, nazo eziguqulwe amazinga okushisa aphansi, zingakwazi ukuhlala.
Yize zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nesithwathwa, izimvu zamanzi ezinezinsimbi kwesinye isikhathi zibhekana nezinkinga ezishisayo zobusika be-arctic. Ukuze bakhosele emakhazeni, bakha izindlu eqhweni phezu kweqhwa lasolwandle. Le migodi ibaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kwezinsana.
Izimpawu ezinamanzi zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukudonsela ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-500, yize ukujula kungadluli lolu phawu ezindaweni eziyinhloko zokudla.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa nokuncelisa, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpawu zamarinji kulungiswa ngokuba khona kokudla. Kube nezifundo eziningi zokudla kwabo, futhi, yize kukhona umehluko omkhulu wesifunda, bagqamisa amaphethini ajwayelekile.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane izinhlanzi, ezijwayelekile esifundeni esithile. Njengomthetho, azikho ngaphezu kwezisulu eziyi-10-15 ezinezinhlobo ezi-2-4 ezivelele ezitholakala emkhakheni wokubuka uphawu. Bacosha ukudla okuncane ngosayizi - kufika ku-15 cm ubude kuze kufike ku-6 cm ububanzi.
Zidla izinhlanzi kaningi kunezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, kepha ukukhetha kuvame ukuncika kwisizini kanye nenani lamandla lokubamba. Ukudla okuvamile kwezimpawu ezivaliwe kufaka phakathi i-cod enomsoco, i-perch, i-herring ne-capelin, okugcwele emanzini olwandle olusenyakatho. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-invertebrate, ngokusobala, kuyafaneleka ehlobo, futhi kutholakala ekudleni kwemfuyo encane.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Izimpawu ezivaliwe zabesifazane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engama-4, kanti abesilisa kuphela ngeminyaka engu-7. Abesifazane bamba imigede emincane eqhweni elijiyile kuqhwa noma ogwini. Inzalo izalwa ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa. Ukulunyulwa ebisini kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu nje kwenyanga eyodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uzuza isisindo esingafika kuma-20 kg. Kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa, zingaba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-10.
I-Rined Seal Cub
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane, abesifazane baphinde bakulungele ukukhwelana, imvamisa kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, abesilisa bavame ukushiya umama okhulelwe ayofuna into entsha yokulingiswa.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezimpawu ezivaliwe endle, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, yiminyaka engama-25-30.
Inombolo
Imininingwane etholakalayo ngokusabalala kwezimpawu ezivaliwe zaqoqwa zahlaziywa kuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lwango-2016 lwama-subspecies amahlanu amukelwayo. Ukulinganiswa kwezinombolo ezivuthiwe kanye namathrendi wesibalo ngakunye kwalaba bahlobo abangaphansi kwale ndlela elandelayo:
- I-Aringe seal engu-1,450,000, inkambiso engaziwa;
- Uphawu oluboshwe nge-Okhotsk - 44,000, alwaziwa;
- I-Baltic ringed seal - 11,500, ukwanda kwabantu;
- ILadoga - 3000-4500, ukuthambekela kokwanda;
- ISaimaa - 135 - 190, ukwanda kwama-subspecies.
Ngenxa yesilinganiso esikhulu sendawo, kunzima ukuthola inani eliqondile lama-subspecies e-Arctic nase-Okhotsk. Ukucaphuna izinto eziningi, njengezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala lezi zilwane, ukuhlala okungalingani ezindaweni ezihlolwe, nobudlelwano obungaziwa phakathi kwabantu ababonwayo nalabo abangabonwa, kuvimbela abacwaningi ekutholeni izinombolo eziqondile.
Kodwa-ke, izibalo ezingenhla zikhombisa ukuthi inani labantu abavuthiwe lingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5, kanti inani labantu lingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu zabantu.
Ukuphepha
Ngaphezu kwamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo, ayingozi enkulu kakhulu kwizimpawu ezivaliwe, lezi zilwane zivame ukuba yizisulu zama-walrus, izimpisi, izimpisi, izimpungushe, ngisho namagwababa amakhulu kanye nezinkukhu ezizingela amawundlu.
Kodwa-ke, kwakungewona umthethonqubo ongokwemvelo wobukhulu besibalo sabantu owadala ukuthi izimpawu ezivaliwe zifakwe eRed Book, kodwa isici somuntu. Iqiniso ngukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izindlela zokuvikela, abantu abaningi basenyakatho bayaqhubeka nokuzingela izimvu zamanzi kuze kube namuhla njengomthombo wenyama eyigugu nezikhumba.
Ngokuvamile, naphezu kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, akukho ngisho nesisodwa isilondolozi esenziwe emayini, lapho izimpawu ezinamanzi zingandisa ngokukhululekile inani labantu.
